Space-time coding

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
Standard notation......Page 13
Space-time coding notation......Page 14
Abbreviations......Page 16
1.1 Introduction to the book......Page 19
1.2 Wireless applications......Page 20
1.2.1 Wireless challenges......Page 22
1.3 Wireless channels......Page 23
1.3.1 Attenuation......Page 24
1.3.2 Fading......Page 25
1.4.1 Rayleigh fading model......Page 30
1.4.3 Frequency selective fading models......Page 32
1.5 Diversity......Page 33
1.5.1 Diversity methods......Page 34
1.5.2.1 Maximum ratio combining......Page 35
1.5.2.2 Selection combining......Page 38
1.6 Spatial multiplexing gain and its trade-off with diversity......Page 41
1.7 Closed-loop versus open-loop systems......Page 42
1.8 Historical notes on transmit diversity......Page 44
1.9 Summary......Page 45
1.10 Problems......Page 46
2.1 Transmission model for multiple-input multiple-output channels......Page 48
2.2.1 Capacity of a deterministic MIMO channel......Page 52
2.2.2 Capacity of a random MIMO channel......Page 54
2.3 Outage capacity......Page 57
2.4 Summary of important results......Page 61
2.5 Problems......Page 62
3.1 Background......Page 63
3.2 Rank and determinant criteria......Page 64
3.3 Trace criterion......Page 68
3.4 Maximum mutual information criterion......Page 70
3.6 Problems......Page 71
4.2 Alamouti code......Page 73
4.3 Maximum-likelihood decoding and maximum ratio combining......Page 77
4.4 Real orthogonal designs......Page 78
4.5 Generalized real orthogonal designs......Page 88
4.6 Complex orthogonal designs......Page 94
4.7 Generalized complex orthogonal designs......Page 95
4.7.1 Diagonally orthogonal STBCs......Page 107
4.8 Pseudo-orthogonal space-time block codes......Page 108
4.9 Performance analysis......Page 111
4.10 Simulation results......Page 119
4.11 Summary of important results......Page 125
4.12 Problems......Page 126
5.1 Pairwise decoding......Page 128
5.2 Rotated QOSTBCs......Page 130
5.3 Optimal rotation and performance of QOSTBCs......Page 133
5.4 Other examples of QOSTBCs......Page 138
5.5 QOSTBCs for other than four transmit antennas......Page 140
5.7 Problems......Page 143
6.1 Introduction......Page 144
6.2.1 Encoding......Page 148
6.2.2 Decoding......Page 150
6.2.3 Design rules and properties of STTCs......Page 151
6.3 Improved STTCs......Page 154
6.4 Performance of STTCs......Page 161
6.5 Simulation results......Page 163
6.7 Problems......Page 167
7.1 Motivation......Page 169
7.1.1 Orthogonal matrices and orthogonal designs......Page 170
7.2 Super-orthogonal codes......Page 171
7.2.1 A parameterized class of STBCs......Page 172
7.2.2 Set partitioning for orthogonal codewords......Page 173
7.2.3 Set partitioning for super-orthogonal codewords......Page 177
7.2.4 Super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes......Page 179
7.3.1 Error events with path length of three......Page 185
7.3.2 Error events with path length of two......Page 188
7.4 Encoding and decoding......Page 191
7.5 Performance analysis......Page 197
7.6.1 Real constellations......Page 199
7.6.2 Complex constellations......Page 201
7.7 Simulation results......Page 205
7.8 Summary of important results......Page 210
7.9 Problems......Page 211
8.1 Introduction......Page 213
8.2 Differential encoding......Page 216
8.2.1 A special case of differential encoding......Page 220
8.3 Differential decoding......Page 221
8.3.1 A simple decoding for the special case......Page 223
8.4.1 Differential modulation for four transmit antennas......Page 225
8.4.2 The extension of the simple special case......Page 230
8.5 Simulation results......Page 232
8.7 Problems......Page 236
9.1 Introduction......Page 239
9.2 Spatial multiplexing......Page 240
9.3 Sphere decoding......Page 241
9.4 Using equalization techniques in receiver design......Page 245
9.4.1 Zero-forcing......Page 246
9.4.2 Minimum mean-squared error......Page 247
9.5 V-BLAST......Page 248
9.5.2.1 Zero-forcing nulling......Page 250
9.5.2.2 Minimum mean-squared error nulling......Page 252
9.6 D-BLAST......Page 253
9.7 Turbo-BLAST......Page 256
9.8.1 General framework......Page 259
9.8.2 General decoding......Page 261
9.8.3 Joint array processing and space-time block coding......Page 263
9.9 Simulation results......Page 264
9.11 Problems......Page 267
10.1 Introduction......Page 269
10.2 Linear dispersion space-time block codes......Page 270
10.2.1 Decoding......Page 271
10.2.2 Design of LDSTBCs......Page 272
10.3 Space-time block codes using number theory......Page 277
10.4 Threaded algebraic space-time codes......Page 278
10.4.1 Diagonal algebraic STBCs......Page 280
10.4.2 Design of threaded algebraic space-time block codes......Page 282
10.5 Simulation results......Page 285
10.7 Problems......Page 288
11.1.1 Design criteria for MIMO-OFDM......Page 290
11.1.2 Space-time-frequency coded OFDM......Page 294
11.2.1 Acquisition and synchronization......Page 296
11.2.2 Channel estimation......Page 300
11.3 Space-time turbo codes......Page 301
11.4 Beamforming and space-time coding......Page 304
11.5 Problems......Page 308
References......Page 309
Index......Page 318