Solar system plasma physics

Title Page
......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents
......Page 7
Preface
......Page 10
The Scope of Solar Physics......Page 12
The Pervasive Problem: Fine-Scale Magnetic Structure......Page 14
Specific Problems......Page 15
Closing......Page 17
References......Page 18
Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions......Page 20
Magnetospheric Structure and Processes......Page 21
Plasma Acceleration......Page 24
Summary......Page 25
References......Page 26
1. Introduction......Page 27
Different Formulations of the Boundary-Value Problem......Page 28
Consideration of Magnetic Topology......Page 29
Adequate Spatial Resolution Versus Large Field-of-View......Page 30
Some Theoretical Questions......Page 31
4. Conclusion......Page 33
References......Page 34
Optical Disk Processing......Page 36
Example Results......Page 37
Conclusions......Page 40
References......Page 41
Magnetic Structures, X-Ray Structures, and Particle Acceleration......Page 42
Magnetic Free Energy and Flares......Page 44
Performance Characteristics......Page 46
Telescope......Page 47
Detectors......Page 48
Analysis and Archiving......Page 49
References......Page 50
Description of the Model......Page 52
The Basic Equations......Page 53
The Critical Length Scale......Page 54
Time Scales for Emerging Flux Tubes......Page 55
Conclusions......Page 56
References......Page 57
Introduction......Page 58
Analysis......Page 59
Discussion......Page 61
References......Page 62
Introduction......Page 64
Shape and Position of the Neutral Sheet and Plasma Sheet......Page 65
The Magnetotail as a Function of Dipole Tilt......Page 66
Summary and Conclusions......Page 69
References......Page 70
Introduction......Page 72
ENA Parameters......Page 73
ENA Imaging - Mission Considerations ?......Page 75
Charged Particle Rejection......Page 76
Collimated Scanning Telescope......Page 77
Slit Imager......Page 78
Trajectory and Composition Analyzing Imager......Page 79
Instrument Sensitivity......Page 81
References......Page 82
Introduction......Page 84
The Observational Problem......Page 85
Instrument Description......Page 87
Stray Light Suppression......Page 88
Observational Opportunities......Page 90
References......Page 91
Direct Particle Beams Between Booms......Page 92
Electron Beam Detector System......Page 93
References......Page 96
Formulation......Page 97
References......Page 100
Computational Methods......Page 101
Results......Page 102
Discussion......Page 104
References......Page 105
Ion Distributions and Fluid Parameters......Page 106
Plasma and Energy Sources and Sinks......Page 108
Spatial Distribution......Page 109
References......Page 110
Introduction......Page 112
Method......Page 113
Solar Wind......Page 114
Magnetosphere......Page 118
Discussion and Conclusions......Page 121
References......Page 123
Results......Page 125
Summary and Discussion......Page 127
References......Page 128
Introduction......Page 129
Observations......Page 131
Processes Occurring in the Chromosphere and in the Transition Region......Page 132
Charge State Distribution of Elements......Page 134
Outlook......Page 135
References......Page 136
The Basis of Instrument Design Requirements......Page 138
Design of Plasma Composition Analyzers......Page 139
Advances in Magnetic Analyzers......Page 140
Advances in Time-of-Flight Analyzers......Page 141
Towards a Quantitative Assessment of Instrument Quality......Page 145
Q Factor for Mass Spectroscopy......Page 148
Toward a Q Value for Spacecraft......Page 150
References......Page 151
Instrument Description......Page 153
Conclusion......Page 156
References......Page 157
ENA Imager......Page 159
Charged Particle Rejection Plates......Page 160
Position-Sensitive Readouts......Page 162
References......Page 164
Introduction......Page 165
Instrument Description......Page 166
Summary......Page 169
References......Page 170
Introduction......Page 171
Phases of Solar Flares......Page 172
Impulsive and Gradual Phases......Page 173
References......Page 175
Introduction......Page 177
Expected Results......Page 178
SXT Instrument Overview......Page 179
X-Ray Optics......Page 180
CCD Detector......Page 181
Structure......Page 182
SXT Experiment Control......Page 183
Flare Flag......Page 184
SXT Data Handling......Page 185
Sensitivity and Diagnostic Capability......Page 186
References......Page 187
Generation of Force-Free Fields......Page 188
References......Page 189
Objectives......Page 191
Instrumental Approach......Page 192
References......Page 195
Data......Page 196
Discussion......Page 197
References......Page 198
Concept......Page 199
References......Page 202
Introduction......Page 204
The Photospheric Dynamo Model......Page 205
Power Available to the Photospheric Dynamo......Page 206
Power Available for Coronal Energy Storage......Page 207
Energy Available in an Erupting Flux Tube......Page 208
References......Page 209
Type III Emissions......Page 211
paraJlel Energy Inversion......Page 212
Other Phenomena......Page 213
Nonlinear Theory of Langmuir Way - 9......Page 214
Theory of Plasma Emission......Page 215
Cyclotron Maser Emission in the Corona......Page 216
References......Page 217
Overview......Page 219
Ground-Based Observations 20-200 MHz......Page 220
Space-Based Observations 30 kHz-2 MHz......Page 222
What We Have Learned-1-30 GHz......Page 223
Spike Bursts and Maser Emission......Page 226
References......Page 227
Imaging Technique......Page 229
Sectoring......Page 230
I D Coded Aperture......Page 231
Combining the Collimators and Coded Apertures......Page 232
References......Page 233
Introduction......Page 234
Charge Exchange at Saturn......Page 235
Molecular Hydrogen in the Titan Torus......Page 236
Conclusions: Future Observations of the Saturn System......Page 238
References......Page 240
Introduction......Page 242
Derivation of the Equilibrium Potential......Page 243
Technical Realization......Page 244
Discussion......Page 245
References......Page 246
Introduction......Page 247
CMEs and Helmet Streamers......Page 248
Observations Related to Possible Driving Mechanisms......Page 249
Models: Theory and Numerical Simulation......Page 251
Outstanding Problems......Page 252
References......Page 254
Open Ouestions on Coronal Mass Ejections......Page 256
Guidance on Stellar and Galactic Processes......Page 257
Unrecognized Relevance to NASA Engineering Codes......Page 258
The Japanese SOLAR-A......Page 259
The ESA-NASA Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SOHO......Page 260
NOAA-USAF Solar X-ray Imagers SXIs......Page 261
References......Page 262
Description......Page 264
Signal Levels Expected......Page 265
Overview......Page 266
Effects of Tinting Error......Page 267
The Median Filter......Page 268
Simulation Results: Instrumental Errors Included......Page 269
References......Page 270
External and Internal Forces......Page 271
Motions of a Flux Rope......Page 272
References......Page 273
1. Introduction......Page 274
2. Instabilities Due to Ion Beams in the Presence of Cold Electrons......Page 276
3. Instabilities Due to Ion Beams in the Absence of Cold Electrons......Page 279
4. Electron Beam Free Energy Source......Page 280
5. Summary and Discussion......Page 283
References......Page 285
Guiding Center Acceleration......Page 287
Evolution of Ionospheric Ions......Page 288
Dynamical Centrifugal Acceleration......Page 289
Neutral Sheet Acceleration......Page 291
Field-Aligned Electric Fields and Ionospheric Coupling......Page 294
References......Page 298
New Measurements......Page 301
Plasma Processes......Page 302
Fast Correlation Techniques......Page 303
Particle Correlation Detectors......Page 305
References......Page 306
A "Simple" Example of a Plasma Wave Dispersion Relation......Page 308
Interferometric Analysis......Page 309
Short Wavelength "LHR" Waves......Page 310
Spatial Density Irregularities......Page 311
References......Page 313
Theories of Magnetopause FTEs......Page 314
FTE Flux Ropes......Page 316
Field-Aligned Currents Associated with FTEs......Page 317
Prediction of the Three-Dimensional Tearing Reconnection Theory......Page 318
References......Page 319
1. Introduction......Page 320
3. The Ionosphere of Venus......Page 321
4. Magnetic Flux Ropes......Page 324
5. The Cometary Plasma Environment......Page 325
6. Plasma Inside the Cometopause......Page 327
References......Page 329
Introduction......Page 334
Space-Borne Magnetic Field Measurements......Page 335
Flux Transfer Events......Page 336
Magnetotail Field Structure......Page 337
Magnetospheric Measurements: The Future......Page 338
Unmagnetized Bodies With Atmosphere......Page 340
Atmosphereless Unmagnetized Bodies......Page 341
Future Measurements of Unmagnetized Bodies......Page 342
Summary and Conclusions......Page 343
References......Page 344
Introduction......Page 346
Plasma Measurements of FTE Structure......Page 347
The Future......Page 351
Conclusions......Page 352
References......Page 353
Requirements......Page 355
Instrumentation......Page 356
The Future......Page 361
References......Page 362
Association Between Auroras and Electric Fields......Page 364
Substorms......Page 366
References......Page 367
Introduction......Page 369
Measurement Techniques......Page 370
HF Backscatter Radars......Page 371
HF Sounders and Scintillation Spaced Receivers......Page 372
Instrument Location......Page 373
References......Page 374
Introduction......Page 377
Sheet Pinch......Page 378
References......Page 380
Mars......Page 381
ASPERA Scientific Objectives......Page 382
The Data Processing Unit......Page 384
The Motor Scanner......Page 385
Calibrations and Tests......Page 386
Phobos Deimos......Page 387
References......Page 388
The Formation of Spokes......Page 389
Electromagnetically Induced Mass Transport in the Rings......Page 391
Collective Effects in Dusty Plasmas......Page 393
References......Page 394
Dust Production......Page 395
Coma Dynamics......Page 396
Time-Dependent, Axisymmetric Dusty Jet Models......Page 398
References......Page 400
Introduction......Page 402
Measurement Objectives and Approach......Page 403
Beacon-C Elevation Analyzer for Ion Composition Measurements......Page 404
Beacon-D Elevation Analyzer for Electron Distribution Measurements......Page 408
Fast Ion Mass Spectrometer FIMS Elevation Analyzer for Ion Composition Measurements......Page 409
Gridded Truncated Hemisphere GTH Elevation Analyzer......Page 410
CRAF Non-Scanning Platform NSP Elevation Analyzer for Ion Composition Measurements......Page 411
References......Page 412
POM as an Extended Source for CO......Page 414
Other Polymers as Extended Sources for Coma Radicals and Ions......Page 415
References......Page 416
Dynamics and Charging......Page 418
Discussion......Page 419
Conclusions......Page 420
References......Page 421
AUTOHR INDEX......Page 422
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS......Page 423