Software Engineering and Formal Methods. SEFM 2021 Collocated Workshops: CIFMA, CoSim-CPS, OpenCERT, ASYDE, Virtual Event, December 6–10, 2021, ... Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science)

Preface
Sponsor
Contents
CIFMA 2021 - 3rd International Workshop on Cognition: Interdisciplinary Foundations, Models and Applications
	CIFMA 2021 Organizers’ Message
	Organization
	Program Committee Chairs
	Steering Committee
	Program Committee
	Additional Reviewers
What Does It Mean to Inhibit an Action?
	1 Introduction
	2 Descartes, Libet, and the Veto
	3 The Veto in the Study of Schultze-Kraft et al.
	4 An Alternative Interpretation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Regret from Cognition to Code
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Psychology of Regret
	2 A Cognitive Model of Regret
		2.1 Underlying Cognitive Systems that Enable Regret
		2.2 Regret as a Learning Mechanism
		2.3 Cognitive Model Summary
	3 A Computational Model of Regret
		3.1 Overall Architecture
		3.2 Example Game – Simple Pontoon
		3.3 The Environment
		3.4 The Basic Learning Component
		3.5 The Regret Module
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Obtaining Learning Saturation and Reducing Stochastic Noise
		4.2 Observed Behaviour
		4.3 Computational Model Discussion
		4.4 How the Computational Model Feeds Back to the Cognitive Model
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
In Silico Simulations and Analysis of Human Phonological Working Memory Maintenance and Learning Mechanisms with Behavior and Reasoning Description Language (BRDL)
	1 Introduction
	2 Maintenance in pSTM and Transfer to LTM
		2.1 Rehearsal
		2.2 Refreshing
		2.3 Fast and Slow Learning Mechanisms
	3 Behavioral and Reasoning Descriptive Language (BRDL)
		3.1 Modelling Maintenance and Learning Mechanisms
	4 A Tool for Simulating Learning Processes and Performing In Silico Experiments
		4.1 Tool Implementation
		4.2 Illustrative In Silico Experiments
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Fostering Safe Behaviors via Metaphor-Based Nudging Technologies
	1 Introduction
	2 How Artificial Agents Recognize Appropriate Social Distance
		2.1 Social Distance as Spatial Distance and Social Closeness
		2.2 Nudging the Appropriate Behavior
	3 A Metaphor-Based Interface to Promote Social Distance
		3.1 Metaphorical Framing as a Reasoning Device
		3.2 The Fire Metaphor for Spatial Distance and Social Closeness
	4 Design Challenges for Visual Metaphor-Based Prototypes
	5 Conclusion
	References
Developing the Semantic Web via the Resolution of Meaning Ambiguities
	1 Introduction
	2 PROL and the Representation of Relations as Concepts
	3 Sources of Meaning Ambiguity in Metaphor Comprehension
	4 Solving Meaning Ambiguities in PROL
	5 Conclusion
	References
Original or Fake? How to Understand the Digital Artworks\' Value in the Blockchain
	1 Introduction
	2 Technical Components
		2.1 Blockchain
		2.2 Smart Contract
		2.3 NFT
		2.4 Oracle
	3 Method
	4 History of Production
	5 History of Effects
		5.1 From a Data-Centered Model (TWPA) to a User-Centered Model (UCP)
	6 Threats to Validity
	7 Conclusion
	References
Grounding Psychological Shape Space in Convolutional Neural Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Conceptual Spaces
		2.2 The Cognitive Domain of Shapes
		2.3 Convolutional Neural Networks
		2.4 A Hybrid Approach
	3 General Methods
		3.1 Data Augmentation
		3.2 Training and Evaluation Scheme
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Pretraining
		4.2 Transfer Learning
		4.3 Multi-task Learning
		4.4 Generalization to Other Target Spaces
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Unexpectedness and Bayes\' Rule
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Simplicity Theory
	2 Unexpectedness and Bayes\' Rule
	3 All Prior is Posterior of Some Other Prior?
		3.1 Informational Principle of Framing
	4 Likelihood and Prediction
	5 Posterior and Post-diction
	6 Conclusion
	References
Can Reinforcement Learning Learn Itself? A Reply to `Reward is Enough\'
	1 Introduction
	2 Reinforcement Learning
		2.1 Are Humans RL Agents?
	3 RL-Solving Intelligence
	4 Performance Measurement and Incentivizing RL-Agent Design
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Agent-Design is Too Complicated or Expensive of a Problem
		5.2 What About Evolution?
		5.3 Just Pick an Agent and Incentivise its Design
		5.4 Incentivise the Agent to Type Its Own Source-Code
		5.5 RL Doesn\'t Need to Directly Solve RL, it only Needs to Help Us Solve RL
	6 Conclusion
	References
CoSim-CPS 2021 - 5th Workshop on Formal Co-Simulation of Cyber-Physical Systems
	CoSim-CPS 2021 Organizers’ Message
	Organization
	Program Committee Chairs
	Program Committee
Enabling Distributed and Hybrid Digital Twins in the Industry5.0 Cloud Continuum
	1 Architectural Guidelines for Distributed and Hybrid DTs
	2 The IoTwins H2020 Project
	References
Under What Conditions Does a Digital Shadow Track a Periodic Linear Physical System?
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Incubator System
		2.2 Models
	3 Stability Analysis of Periodic Linear Systems
	4 Simulation and Experiments Results of Incubator
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Convergence Properties of Hierarchical Co-simulation Approaches
	1 Introduction
	2 Consistency
		2.1 Consistency in Co-simulation
		2.2 Consistency in Hierarchical Co-simulation
	3 Error Studies on a Coupled Three-Mass Oscillator
	4 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Co-simulation-Based Pre-training of a Ship Trajectory Predictor
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Pre-training of a Trajectory Predictor
		3.2 A Virtual Vessel Model in VICO
		3.3 An FNN-Based Predictor
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Pre-training
		4.2 Main Training
		4.3 Evaluation Metric
		4.4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Ship Propulsion Retrofit on Maneuverability Research Based on Co-simulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
		2.1 Ship Maneuverability
		2.2 Co-simulation Setup
	3 Experiment Results
		3.1 Simulation Scenarios
		3.2 Results Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Co-simulation of a Model Predictive Control System for Automotive Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Model Predictive Control and the GRAMPC Framework
		3.1 Model Predictive Control
		3.2 The GRAMPC Framework
	4 Proposed Approach
		4.1 Advantages of GRAMPC as an FMU
		4.2 Advantages of Hardware Platform Modelling Within VPSim
	5 Case Study
		5.1 Vehicle Model
		5.2 Simulink Model of the Plant
		5.3 Vehicle and Controller in GRAMPC
		5.4 Hardware Platform with VPSim
		5.5 Results
	6 Conclusions
	References
Running Large-Scale and Hybrid Real-Time Aircraft Simulations in an HLA Framework
	1 Introduction
	2 An HLA Based Framework
		2.1 CERTI
		2.2 Federates and Models
		2.3 Time Management Services
	3 SMARTIES Project
		3.1 Background
		3.2 Architecture Overview
		3.3 Open-Source Version
	4 Towards a New F16 Engine Model
		4.1 Design Tool
		4.2 New Engine Models
		4.3 HLA/PROOSIS Coupling
	5 Experiments and Results
		5.1 Testing Environment
		5.2 Engine Models Comparison
		5.3 Real-Time Performance Results
		5.4 Dead-Reckoning Performance Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Comparison Between the HUBCAP and DIGITBrain Platforms for Model-Based Design and Evaluation of Digital Twins
	1 Introduction
	2 The HUBCAP and the DIGITbrain Platforms
	3 Comparison of the HUBCAP and the DIGITbrain Platforms
	4 Agrointelli Case Study
	5 Concluding Remarks
	References
OpenCERT 2021 - 10th International Workshop on Open Community approaches to Education, Research and Technology
	OpenCERT 2021 Organizers’ Message
	Organization
	Program Committee Chairs
	Steering Committee
	Program Committee
A Life-Long Learning Education Passport Powered by Blockchain Technology and Verifiable Digital Credentials: The BlockAdemiC Project
	1 Introduction
	2 The BlockAdemiC Project
		2.1 BlockAdemiC Overview
		2.2 Innovation and Objectives
		2.3 BlockAdemiC Technological Background
		2.4 Expected Impact
	3 Conclusions and Further Research
	References
Open Source Discovery, Adoption, and Use: An Informal Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Barriers to Open Source Adoption and Use
	3 Types of Open Source Projects
		3.1 Commercial Projects
		3.2 Foundation-Based Projects
		3.3 Community-Based Projects
	4 Intended Uses of Open Source Software
	5 Commercial Support and Open Source Projects
	6 The Challenge of Evaluating Open Source Software
	7 Quantitative Evaluation of Open Source
	8 The Impact of Open Source Software
	9 Why Participate in Open Source Projects
	10 Where to Learn More
	11 A Final Word
	References
DrPython–WEB: A Tool to Help Teaching Well-Written Python Programs
	1 Introduction
	2 DrPython: Feature Extraction Module
	3 Dr.Python-WEB: The System
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Formal Methods Communities of Practice: A Survey of Personal Experience
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Communities of Practice
	4 Networks and Landscapes of Practice
	5 Visualization of Communities
	6 Conclusion
	References
Learning from Mistakes in an Open Source Software Course
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Course Description
		1.2 Background and Expectations
	2 Project Selection
		2.1 The First Selection
		2.2 Final Decision
	3 Project Description
		3.1 Governance
		3.2 Community
		3.3 Licence
	4 Technical Aspects
		4.1 Architecture
		4.2 Related Modules
		4.3 Project Status
	5 Role and Work Done
		5.1 The First Commit: Minor Feature to Group Routes by a Common Controller Class
		5.2 Testing Modules and Bug Fix
		5.3 Adding Compatibility Between Old and New Features
		5.4 Interaction with Community
	6 Lessons Learned
		6.1 Identifying a Good Project to Contribute
		6.2 Writing Pull Requests
		6.3 Finding Tasks
	7 Conclusion
	References
ASYDE 2021 - 3rd International Workshop on Automated and verifiable Software sYstem DEvelopment
	ASYDE 2021 Organizers’ Message
	Organization
	Program Committee Chairs
	Steering Committee
	Program Committee
A Probabilistic Model Checking Approach to Self-adapting Machine Learning Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivation
	3 Framework for Self-adaptive ML-Based Systems
		3.1 Architectural Overview
		3.2 Machine Learning Components
	4 Model Checking the Need for Adaptation
		4.1 Modelling the Components of the Framework
		4.2 Collecting Rewards
	5 Results
	6 Related Work
	7 Threats to Validity and Future Work
	8 Conclusion
	References
Integration of COTS Processing Architectures in Small Satellites for Onboard Computing Using Fault Injection Testing Methodology
	1 Introduction
	2 Motivation Scenario: COTS Processors for High-Performance Processing in the Space Environment
		2.1 COTS Devices in Space
		2.2 High-Performance Processing in Space with COTS GPUs
	3 Software-Based FIT Methodology
		3.1 Description of the FIT Methodology
		3.2 Software Techniques for Fault Tolerance in COTS Devices
		3.3 Deployment of SFIT for Fault-Tolerant and Safety-Critical Systems
	4 Case Study: UPMSat-2 Microsatellite
		4.1 System Overview
		4.2 Model-Based Development Process
		4.3 Validation Approach
		4.4 Application of SFIT: Integration of COTS Processing Devices
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Author Index