Sociological Theory

Cover
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Introduction: Origins of Sociological Theory
	From Speculative to Definitive
	Age of Enlightenment
	The Revolutions
	Organic Analogy and Evolutionism
	Basic Ideas of Sociological Theory
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 2: Karl Heinrich Marx (1818–83)
	A Biographical Sketch
	Materialist Conception of History
	Against Crude Materialism
	Dialectics
	Laws of Dialectics
	Metaphors of Base and Superstructure
	Stages of History
		A Pre-Class System or A Stage of Primitive Communism
		Asiatic Societies
		Ancient Society
		Feudal Society
		Capitalist Society
	Theory of Capitalism
	Commodity
	Labour Theory of Value
	Commodity Fetishism
	Surplus Value
	Accumulation Process
	Crisis of Capitalism
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 3: Emile Durkheim (1858–1917)
	A Biographical Sketch
	Social and Intellectual Influences
	Method of Study
	Rules for Sociological Study
	Explanation, Causality and Comparative Method
	Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
	Conscience Collective: Crime and Punishment
	Abnormal Forms of Division of Labour
	Sociology of Suicide
	Typology of Suicide
	Egoistic Suicide
	Altruistic Suicide
	Anomic Suicide
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 4: Max Weber (1864–1920)
	A Biographical Sketch
	Intellectual Background
	Method of Sociology
	Verstehen Sociology
		Value-Freedom (Werturteilsfreiheit)
		Understanding Explanation (Vertehendes Erklaren)
	Social Action
	Ideal Types
	Rationality
	Role of Ideas in History
	Spirit of Capitalism
	The Protestant Ethic
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 5: Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923)
	A Biographical Sketch
	Social and Intellectual Influence
	Society in Equilibrium
	Non-logical Action
	Elite Theory: Circulation of Elites
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 6: Functional School of Thought
	Intellectual Influences on Functionalism
	Herbert Spencer
	Emile Durkheim
	The Anthropological Tradition
	Talcott Parsons
	Social Action Theory
	System Analysis
	Functional Requisites
	Pattern Variables
	Functional Imperatives
	Robert King Merton (1910–2003)
	Critique of Orthodox Functionalism
	Theories of the Middle Range
	An Alternative Paradigm for Functional Analysis
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 7: Conflict Theory
	Karl Marx
	Max Weber
	George Simmel
	Lewis Coser (1913–2003)
	Social and Intellectual Influences
	Functional-conflict Theory
	Beyond Organismic Analogy
	C. Wright Mills (1916–62)
	Social and Intellectual Influence
	Power
	Intellectual Craftsmanship
	Ralph Dahrendorf
	Against the Equilibrium Model
	Imperatively Coordinated Associations and Conflict
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 8: Symbolic Interactionism
	Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929)
	Looking-glass Self
	George Herbert Mead: A Brief Biography and Influences
	The Social
	The Mind
	The Self
	Development of the Self: ‘I’ and ‘Me’
	Social Experience and the Act
	Herbert Blumer (1900–87)
	Symbolic Interactionism as a Perspective
	Erving Goffman (1922–82)
		A Brief Biographical Sketch
		Stable Self-Image
		Technique of Dramaturgy
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 9: Social Exchange Theory
	Intellectual Roots
	George C. Homans (1910–89)
		A Biographical Sketch and Intellectual Influences
		Human Behaviour in Homan’s Scheme
		Success Proposition
		Stimulus Proposition
	Peter Blau (1918–2002)
		A Brief Biographical Sketch
		Sociological Theory and Social Exchange
		Group Formation and Cohesion
		Complex Organization and Bureaucracy
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 10: Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology
	Edmund Husserl
		A Biographical Sketch and Influences
		Early Phenomenology: Facts and Essences
		Phenomenological Method
	Alfred Schutz (1899–1959)
		Biography and Influences
	Beyond Weber’s notion of social action
	Peter Ludwig Berger (1929–)
		A Biographical Sketch and Influences
		Social Reality: A Form of Consciousness
	Harold Garfinkel (1917–2011)
		A Biographical Sketch And Influences
		Problem of Order
		Tools of Ethnomethodology
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 11: Critical Theory
	Intellectual and Social Background
	Culture Industry
	Georg Lukacs (1885–1971)
	Max Harkheimer and Theodor Adorno
		Short Biographies
		Critique of Science and Reason
		Adorno on Culture
	Herbert Marcuse (1898–1979)
		A Biographical Sketch
		Critical Theory
		Alienating Technology
	Jurgen Habermas (1929)
		A Biographical Sketch and Influences
		Critique of Culture and Communicative Action
		On Rationality
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 12: Post-modern Theory and Post-structural Sociology
	Daniel Bell’s Post-industrial Society
	Post-modern Theory
	Basic Themes in Post-modern Thought
	Michel Foucault (1926–84)
	Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)
	Jean-Francois Lyotard (1924–98)
	Knowledge and Post-modern Condition
	Zygmunt Bauman (1925– )
		Modernity and Ambivalence
	Jean Baudrillard (1929– 2007)
		Post-modernity and the Age of Simulation
	Pierre Bourdieu (1930–2002)
		Symbolic Capital
		Habitus and Practice
	Summary
	Key Words
	Glossary
	Discussion Points
Chapter 13: Conclusion
	Individual and Society
	Summary
Bibliography
Index