Smart Soft-Matter Nanotubes: Preparation, Functions, and Applications

Preface
Contents
Abbreviations
1 General Remarks of Soft-Matter Nanotubes
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Comparison with Other Nanoporous Materials
	1.3 Nanotubes with Inner Diameters of 10 nm
	1.4 Characteristics of Diameters and Internal Volume
	1.5 Historical Background of Lipid Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotubes
	1.6 Fabrication Method of Organic and Polymer Nanotubes
	1.7 Membrane- or Sheet-Based
		1.7.1 Bilayer-Based
		1.7.2 Monolayer-Based
		1.7.3 β-Sheet Structure-Based
		1.7.4 Bile Acid Membrane-Based
	1.8 Nanoring- or Nanotoroid-Based
	1.9 Stacking-Based
		1.9.1 Cyclic Peptide
		1.9.2 Helical Biomolecule
	1.10 Supramolecular Stacking-Based
		1.10.1 Fan-Shaped Molecule
		1.10.2 Bent-Shaped Aromatic Amphiphile
		1.10.3 Aromatic Macrocycle Amphiphile
	1.11 Different Fields of Action for Diverse Applications
		1.11.1 Interior One-Dimensional Nanospace
		1.11.2 Nanotube Wall and Membrane
		1.11.3 Exterior Surface
		1.11.4 Whole of Nanostructure and Ensemble of Many Nanotubes
	References
2 Lipid Nanotubes
	2.1 Glutamic Acid-Based Nanotube
	2.2 Bile Acid
		2.2.1 Cholic Acid
		2.2.2 Lithocholic Acid
	2.3 Carbohydrate
		2.3.1 Glycolipid
		2.3.2 Cyclodextrin
	2.4 Cholesterol-Modified Nucleoside
	2.5 Amphiphilic Azobenzene Derivative
	2.6 Phosphocholine Derivative
		2.6.1 Phosphatidylcholine
		2.6.2 Diacetylenic Phosphocholine Derivative
	2.7 Diacetylenic Derivative
	2.8 Stearamide Derivative
	2.9 Other Amide-Group Containing Amphiphile
		2.9.1 N-Amidated 4-Aminobenzoic Acid Sodium Salt
		2.9.2 Coumarin-Tris-Based Amphiphile
	References
3 Bolaamphiphile-Based Nanotubes
	3.1 Glucose–Amine and Glucose–Carboxylic Acid Bolaamphiphiles
		3.1.1 Control of Inner Diameter
		3.1.2 Polymorph Control Using a Polymer Template
	3.2 Glucose–Oligoglycine Bolaamphiphile
		3.2.1 Self-assembly into Nanotube Structures
		3.2.2 Nanotube with Metallodrug-Coordinated Inner Surfaces
		3.2.3 Tailored Fabrication of Unique-Shaped Polydopamine Nanofibers
		3.2.4 Transportation of Proteins in a Confined Nanochannel
		3.2.5 Binary Co-assembly
		3.2.6 Chirality Induction to Entrapped Achiral Polythiophenes
		3.2.7 Duplex Formation of Short Nucleotides
		3.2.8 Two-Step Self-assembly for Interior Surface Modification
		3.2.9 Two-Step Self-assembly for Exterior Surface Modification
		3.2.10 Ternary Co-assembly for Different Modification of Inner and Outer Surfaces
		3.2.11 Thermally Controllable Extraction and Separation of Peptides
		3.2.12 Chiral Separation by Thermoresponsive PEG-Coated Nanotubes
		3.2.13 Protein Stabilization
		3.2.14 Protein Refolding
		3.2.15 Loading of Anticancer Drugs
	3.3 Glucose–3-Hydroxy-Propionyl Bolaamphiphile
		3.3.1 Enzymatic Channel Reactor
		3.3.2 Liquid Crystal as a Template for Construction of Surfactant-Free Gold Nanorods
	3.4 Amino Acid-Based Bolaform Amphiphile
		3.4.1 Controlled Polymerization of Imine
		3.4.2 Interlink of a Heterogeneous Pair of Nanochannels
	3.5 Amino Acid Bolaamphiphile
		3.5.1 Diglycine and Triglycine Bolaamphiphiles
		3.5.2 Glutamic Acid Bolaamphiphile
		3.5.3 Histidine Bolaamphiphile
	3.6 Cinnamic Acid Bolaamphiphile
	3.7 Anthraquinone–Carboxylic Acid Bolaamphiphile
	3.8 NDI Bolaamphiphile
	3.9 NDI–Lysine/Tetraphenylporphyrin/NDI–Lysine Bolaamphiphile
	References
4 Di-phenylalanine-Based Nanotubes
	4.1 Di-phenylalanine
	4.2 Termini-Modified FF Dipeptide
	4.3 Related Dipeptide
	4.4 Potent Applications of FF-Based Nanotubes
		4.4.1 Microtubes with “Turn-on” Fluorescence
		4.4.2 Recognition and Sensing
		4.4.3 Vertical Alignment of FF Nanotubes
		4.4.4 Ferroelectrics and Piezoelectrics
		4.4.5 Nonlinear Optical Effect
		4.4.6 Quantum Confinement
		4.4.7 Light Harvesting
		4.4.8 Electrode and Supercapacitor
		4.4.9 Mechanical Reinforcement
		4.4.10 Detection of Cancer Cell and Neurotoxin
	References
5 Peptide-Based Nanotubes
	5.1 Amphiphilic Peptide and Peptide Amphiphile
	5.2 Linear Amphiphilic Peptide
	5.3 Drug Amphiphile
	5.4 Peptide–Dendron Hybrid
	5.5 Dilysine Peptide
	5.6 Amphiphilic Block Peptide
	5.7 Amphiphilic Peptoid Oligomer
	5.8 Linear Peptide Amphiphile
		5.8.1 Diglycine- and Triglycine-Based Nanotubes
		5.8.2 Metal-Complexed Diglycine-Based Nanotube
		5.8.3 Functional Linear Peptide Amphiphile
	References
6 Cyclic Peptide-Based and Cyclic Peptide–Polymer-Based Nanotubes
	6.1 Cyclic Peptide
		6.1.1 Membrane- or Sheet-Based Structure
		6.1.2 Stacking-Based Structure
	6.2 Cyclic Peptide (CP)–Polymer
	6.3 Coiled-Coil Nanotube
	6.4 Applications
		6.4.1 Template and Scaffold
		6.4.2 Liquid Crystal Formation
		6.4.3 Hydrogel Formation in a Confined Nanospace
		6.4.4 Mechanical Reinforcement
		6.4.5 Alignment of Cyclic Peptide Nanotube
		6.4.6 Transmembrane Transport
		6.4.7 Medical Applications
	References
7 Protein-Based Nanotubes
	7.1 Template Process
	7.2 Human Serum Albumin (HSA)–Poly-l-Arginine (PLAR)
	7.3 (PLAR/Au NP–HSA)3 and (PLAR/Ferritin)3
	7.4 (PLAR/HSA)8PLAR/Pt Nanoparticles
	7.5 (PLAR/HSA)2PLAR/αGluD and (PLAR/HSA)2PLAR/CalB
	7.6 (PLAR/HSA)5PLAR/Fetuin and (PLAR/HSA)2PLAR/PLG/Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
	7.7 Collagen-Based Nanotube
	7.8 Enzymatic Nanotube
	7.9 GroEL-Based Nanotube
	References
8 Bottlebrush Copolymer-Based Nanotubes
	8.1 Molecular Sculpting
	8.2 Amphiphilic Rod–Coil Block Copolymer
	8.3 Amphiphilic Coil–Coil Block Copolymer
	8.4 Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate) (PGM)-g-[Polylactide (PLA)-b-Polystyrene (PS)]
	8.5 Soluble Bottlebrush Copolymer-Based Nanotubes for Catalytic Systems
	8.6 Fe3O4-[PGM-g-(PLA-b-PS)]
	8.7 SO3H- and NH2-Microporous Organic Nanotube Networks (MONNs)
	8.8 COOH-MONN and Pd@MONN
	8.9 Oxo-Vanadium-Microporous Organic Nanotube Framework
	8.10 Thiol-Functionalized Hierarchically Porous Material
	References
9 Rigid–Flexible Block Molecule-Based Nanotubes
	9.1 Rigid–Flexible Block Molecule
	9.2 Perylene Diimide Derivative
		9.2.1 Perylene Diimide/Hydrophobic Chain
		9.2.2 Perylene Diimide/Peptide Conjugate
	9.3 Amphiphilic Porphyrin
	9.4 Porphyrin–C60 Amphiphilic Dyad
	9.5 Tubular Nanoreactor (Phthalocyanine and Porphyrin)
	9.6 Amphiphilic Carbocyanine Dye (Gemini-Type)
	9.7 Hexa–peri-Hexabenzocoronene
	9.8 Thioxanthene Amphiphile
	9.9 Riboflavin Derivative
	9.10 Bis(5-Hexylcarbamoylpentyloxy)Benzoic Acid Derivative
	9.11 Pyrimido Pyrimidine
	9.12 Ferrocene Aromatics
	9.13 Bent-Shaped Aromatic Amphiphile
	9.14 Cyclic Aromatic Amphiphile
	9.15 Rigid Macrocycle with Flexible Side Chains
	9.16 Pyrene and Phenanthrene Trimer
	9.17 Rigid Block Molecule-Based Nanotube
		9.17.1 Oppositely Charged Porphyrin
		9.17.2 Boroxine
		9.17.3 Trimesic Acid Analogue
	References
Index