Seeing Style: How Style Orients Phenopractices across Action, Media, Space, and Time

Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Introduction: Why Phenopractices?
	1 Purpose, Topic, and Form of the Present Work
	2 The Field of Freeskiing
	3 Theoretical Approach and Stance
	4 The Focus: Intelligibility and Vision
	5 The Foundation: Ontology and Epistemology
	6 Outline of the Present Work
2 Vision—Seeing Lines
	1 Introduction: The Line
	2 The Threefold Line
	3 Reading (Mountain) Faces
	4 From Seeing Terrain to Gazing at Landscapes
	5 Seeing as Interaction: Formulating and Showing a Line
	6 Professional Vision
	7 The Technical Dimension of Seeing
	8 Situated Seeing
3 Perception—Figuring Out the Visual Field
	1 Introduction: On the Ridge
	2 Seeing as Opening
	3 Seeing-of and Seeing-in
	4 Towards an Ethnography of Visual Fields
	5 The Janus Face of Vision
	6 The Restless Eye
	7 Visual Routines
	8 The Gestalt and the Roots of Practice Thought
	9 Gestalt-Seeing as Visual Cognition
	10 The Temporal Structure of the Gestalt
	11 Blending In and Standing Out
4 Movement—The Phenomenal Field
	1 Riding Down
	2 The Paradox of Ethnographies of the Body
	3 Achieving Amalgamation
	4 Sensing the Dys-Appearing Body
	5 The Phenomenal Field of Practices
	6 The Moving Body in the Phenomenal Field
	7 Subjectivity and Intersubjectivity
	8 Seeing, Apprehension, and ‘The Brain’s Way of Touching’
	9 The Normativity of Perception
	10 Two Ways of Seeing: Pragmatic Versus Epistemic Seeing
5 Things—The Amalgam
	1 Introduction: The Love for Equipment
	2 The Amalgam of Practice and Its Material Aspects
	3 Zeug and Ding
	4 The Ski-In-The-Amalgam: What is a Ski?
	5 Flex Curves—Good Data as Bad Science
	6 On Understandings, Aspects, and Elements
	7 Enduring Elements
	8 Bodies and Artefacts
	9 Foregrounding and Sublating
	10 Knowing Your Style
	11 The Visibility of Things: What is a Good Ski?
6 Community—Style
	1 Introduction: The Silence of Style
	2 The Centrality of Style
	3 What is Style?
	4 “You can’t Wear Your Skis to School”—Symbols of a Lifestyle
	5 Style of Life or Style of Conduct?
	6 Towards Defining Style: Seeing versus Talking
	7 Style in the Media
	8 Cultures of Style? Contra the Praxeological Perspective on Style
	9 Is Style Embodied?
	10 The Learning Body and Neural Pluralism
	11 Storing and Transporting Style
7 Emotion and Space—The Arena
	1 Introduction: “It’s Really Strange When Nobody is Looking”
	2 The Need for Teleoaffectivity
	3 Emotional Energy
	4 Visual and Verbal Pushing
	5 Drive, Attunement, and Mood
	6 Enter the Arena—Seeing Seeing
	7 Visual Space: The Arena as a Stylescape
	8 The Kicker as a Visual Arena
	9 Position and Posture
	10 Space and Spacing
	11 Landscape and Taskscape
	12 Commonality and Orchestration
8 Time and Action—Flow
	1 Introduction: On Riding
	2 Flow: The Temporal Order of Riding
	3 The Action-Present
	4 Action from a Phenopractice Perspective
	5 Flow in Minds and Markets
	6 Taking a Turn in the Krimml
	7 Seeing as Steering: Crucial Points
	8 The Organization of Practical Intelligibility
	9 Stream and Flow
	10 Look Where You’re Going: The Collective Management of Action
	11 A Schutzian Account of Flow
	12 Projecting and Grasping Actions
	13 Sedimentation and the Body
	14 The Problems of Projecting
	15 Reprise: Projecting, Deciding, and the Flow of Conduct
	16 Schutz and Schatzki: The Givenness of Order and the Temporal Rift
	17 Consequences: From Flow to Style
9 Understanding and Media—Seeing Style
	1 Introduction: Of Beauty and Repulsion
	2 Face Recognition and Style Recognition
	3 The Mirror System
	4 Basal Understandings versus Action Understandings
	5 Sketchiness
	6 Understanding Style and its Roots in Epistemic and Pragmatic Seeing
	7 Regularity versus Similarity
	8 Judging: Contests and the Anti-Competitive Ethos
	9 The Instructed Flow of Judging
	10 Juxtaposing Media
	11 Seeing a Trick as Gestalt-Seeing
	12 Talk and Action
	13 Intelligibility and Understanding
	14 Attunement and Expression of Style
	15 Seeing Style in Media: Lebenswelt Pairs
	16 Beautiful Errors
10 Invention—Emergence and Stabilization
	1 Introduction: Alaska, the Motherland
	2 Emergence and Evolution
	3 Circulation and Invention
		Excursus: The Organization of Normality
	4 Mobility, Access, and Natural Laboratories
	5 Orientation and Prefiguration
	6 New Ways of Seeing
		Excursus: Lifestyle Sports, Job Markets, and the Habitus
	7 From Orientation to Innovation
	8 Inventing Problems, Finding Solutions: How Skiing was Born
	9 Teleoaffectivity and Self-Explanation
	10 Style and Paradigm Shifts
	11 What is Skiing? The Paradigmatic Understanding of Going Down
	12 Defining Moments: Demonstration and Competition
	13 Media of Dissemination: A Short Visual History of Skiing
	14 Media of Deliberation: Talking Skiing
		Excursus: Communication from a Practice Perspective
11 Innovation—Coordination and Evolution
	1 Introduction: Unfree Skiing?
	2 Organizations: Ski Instruction
	3 Symbiotic Fields: Ski Racing
	4 Media Systems: The First Freestyle Revolution
	5 Fit to Media Forms
	6 The Birth of Modern Freeride
	7 The Sponsor System
	8 Authenticity: Skiing and Being
12 Summary, Conclusion, and Outlook
	1 Style and Lifestyle: From Symbol to Tool
	2 New Theoretical Perspectives
		Heidegger and Situationalism in Practice Theory
		Splitting Action into Intelligibility and Understanding
		Neural Pluralism
	3 Phenopractice Theory: Key Axioms
	4 Avenues for Developing Phenopractice Theory
Appendix: Phenopractice Methodology
	1 Theory, Methodology, and Methods in the Practice Turn
	2 Participation and Observation
	3 Observability: Understandings, Intelligibility, and Publicness
	4 Delineating Empirical Phenomena
	5 Intelligibility: Can there be an Adequacy Criterion?
	6 Validation: Ensuring Adequacy
	7 Generalizability: Average, Typical, or Normal?
	8 Conceptualizing Normality
	9 Data, Elements, and Media
	10 Research Procedure of this Work
References
Index