Second-Wave Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: Implementing for Effectiveness

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 11
Introduction: ERP – The Quiet Revolution?......Page 21
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)......Page 26
Organization of the Book......Page 29
Part I Implementation and Effectiveness: Overview......Page 30
Part II From Risks to Critical Success Factors......Page 31
Part III From Learning to Knowledge......Page 34
Part IV Contextual and Cultural Aspects of Enterprise Systems......Page 36
Part V Future Directions......Page 37
REFERENCES......Page 38
Part I Implementation and Effectiveness: Overview......Page 41
1.1 Introduction......Page 43
1.2 Success with ERP and How it Happens......Page 44
1.3 Approach......Page 51
Findings about Adopters\' Achieved Success with ERP Systems......Page 58
Findings about Adopters\' Problems with ERP......Page 64
Project phase problems......Page 65
Shakedown phase problems......Page 67
Onward and Upward phase problems......Page 71
1.5 Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research......Page 73
REFERENCES......Page 74
2.1 Introduction......Page 76
Knowing Why, How and When to Innovate with Packaged Software......Page 77
2.2 Undertaking a Survey......Page 79
The Respondents......Page 80
Assessing the Package Transition......Page 81
Package Adoption and Implementation......Page 82
Adoption and Implementation Assessment......Page 83
Success Indicators......Page 84
Business Benefits......Page 85
Other Adoption Motivation......Page 86
Package Functionality and Fit......Page 87
Requisite Knowledge and Skills......Page 88
2.3 Implementation Task Complexity......Page 89
Package Reliability and Vendor Relationship......Page 90
2.4 Conclusion......Page 91
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 92
REFERENCES......Page 93
3.1 Introduction......Page 94
3.2 Defining Criteria for Enterprise System Evaluation......Page 95
Operational benefits (dimension 1)......Page 98
Managerial benefits (dimension 2)......Page 99
IT infrastructure benefits (dimension 4)......Page 100
Stage (3): Using Web Case Analysis to Refine and Extend Table 3.2......Page 101
3.4 Example Web Case and Analysis......Page 102
Exhibit: PeopleSoft Case 34......Page 104
End of Exhibit......Page 106
Comment 1: Validity of the framework verified......Page 107
Comment 4: Contingency factors......Page 108
Comment 8: Comparison to Davenport (2000)......Page 109
3.6 An Application of the Enterprise System Benefit Framework......Page 110
3.8 Conclusion......Page 114
REFERENCES......Page 115
II Managerial benefits......Page 118
III Strategic benefits......Page 119
V Organizational benefits......Page 120
4.1 Introduction......Page 122
4.2 First Wave ERP: The Research Study......Page 123
4.3 Findings (A) Motivations for ERP......Page 124
4.4 Findings (B) The Stages of ERP Implementation......Page 126
4.5 Findings (C) Obstacles to Success......Page 130
4.6 Lessons from the Study......Page 133
4.7 Towards ERPII Systems......Page 135
4.8 New Modes of Delivery: Risky Business?......Page 136
Risks from a Customer Perspective......Page 137
Netsourcing: A Risk Profiling Framework......Page 141
4.9 ERP Through Netsourcing: Two Illustrative Cases......Page 143
Customer Case (A): Punch International......Page 144
Customer Case (B): RealScale Technologies......Page 147
4.10 Conclusions......Page 150
REFERENCES......Page 151
Part II From Risks to Critical Success Factors......Page 153
5.1 Introduction......Page 155
5.2 ES Implementation Business Risks......Page 157
Lack of Alignment of the ES and Business Processes......Page 159
Loss of Control Due to Decentralization of Decision Making......Page 160
Project Complexity......Page 161
User Resistance......Page 162
Data Collection......Page 163
Case Setting......Page 166
5.5 Results......Page 169
5.7 Concluding Thoughts......Page 172
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 174
REFERENCES......Page 175
6.1 Risk Factors in Enterprise-wide/ERP Projects......Page 177
6.2 Risks in Implementing Information System Projects......Page 178
6.4 Research in Managing ERP Projects......Page 181
6.5 Managing Client–Server Information Systems......Page 185
6.6 Research Objectives......Page 187
6.7 Company Profiles......Page 188
Project Justification......Page 189
Risk Factors......Page 190
The Unique Risks of Enterprise-wide/ERP Projects......Page 194
6.9 Recommendations......Page 195
Implications for Practitioners......Page 196
Future Research......Page 197
REFERENCES......Page 198
7.1 Introduction......Page 200
7.3 Research Method......Page 202
Strategic Factors......Page 204
ERP strategy......Page 205
Business process design and software configuration......Page 206
Threads......Page 207
StatCo.......Page 208
Case Discussion......Page 211
7.6 Conclusions......Page 213
REFERENCES......Page 214
8.1 Introduction......Page 216
8.2 CSFs......Page 217
8.3 ERP Implementation Process Models......Page 218
PPM phases......Page 222
8.4 Research Method......Page 223
The Two ERP Implementations......Page 224
Discussion and Analysis......Page 226
8.6 Conclusions and Future Research......Page 237
REFERENCES......Page 238
9.1 Introduction......Page 240
A Benefits View of Maintenance......Page 242
9.3 A Lifecycle-wide View......Page 244
9.4 A Research Framework......Page 245
Organizational and Environmental Contexts......Page 247
Software Source......Page 248
The user-organization......Page 249
The vendor......Page 250
Service providers......Page 252
Society......Page 253
The Virtual Organization......Page 254
9.5 Conclusions......Page 255
REFERENCES......Page 256
Part III From Learning to Knowledge......Page 259
10.1 Introduction......Page 261
How organizations learn......Page 263
Learning in IT implementations......Page 264
Learning from success......Page 266
Implications of learning from success and learning from failure......Page 267
Organizational conditions facilitating intelligent failure......Page 268
Characteristics of intelligent failure......Page 269
The ERP Implementation Process as Organizational Learning......Page 270
Adaptation of Sitkin\'s Theory......Page 271
10.4 The Dow Corning and Foxmeyer ERP Implementations......Page 272
Backgrounds......Page 274
Similarities......Page 275
Process focus......Page 277
Organizational culture......Page 280
Well-planned actions......Page 281
Modest scale......Page 283
Speedy action cycles......Page 284
Domain relevance......Page 285
Organizational Learning......Page 286
10.6 Discussion and Implications......Page 287
Utility of the Learning from Failure Model......Page 288
Further Insights......Page 289
Implications for Research and Practice......Page 290
REFERENCES......Page 291
11.1 Introduction......Page 295
The Case for ERP......Page 297
The Case against ERP Systems......Page 298
11.3 The Study – Mixing Case Study and Survey Research......Page 300
History of ABC Communication......Page 301
Commentary......Page 303
Typical Implementation Project – Impact on the Organization......Page 304
Goals of the Projects and Project Leadership......Page 307
Outcomes of the ERP Projects......Page 311
Key Aspects of the Relationship with the Implementer......Page 312
11.6 Conclusions......Page 315
REFERENCES......Page 316
12.1 Introduction......Page 319
12.2 ERP: Efficiency or Transformation?......Page 321
A Case In Point: Guinness......Page 322
12.3 The CIO and IT Function: Less Effective Practices......Page 323
Scenario 1: \'Technological Determinism\'......Page 324
Scenario 2: \'Supplier/Consultant Driven\'......Page 325
Scenario 3: \'Absent Relationships and Capabilities\'......Page 326
12.4 On Being Wide-Awake: (1) Key it Capabilities......Page 327
12.5 On Being Wide Awake: (2) Managing ERP Implementations......Page 329
The Supplier/Consultant Role in ERP......Page 331
REFERENCES......Page 333
13.1 Introduction......Page 335
Shortcomings of Enterprise System Reference Models......Page 337
The Lifecycle of Enterprise Systems......Page 338
Business engineering......Page 340
System selection......Page 344
System implementation......Page 346
System use and change......Page 348
13.2 Conclusion and Outlook......Page 350
REFERENCES......Page 351
14.1 Introduction......Page 355
Previous Studies on Knowledge Transfer......Page 356
Process-based Knowledge Transfer in ERP Implementation......Page 357
14.3 Research Method......Page 359
Analysis of Old Process vs. New Process......Page 360
Acceptance of the explicit business processes from the system (implementation process)......Page 362
New business knowledge from the ERP package (conflict process)......Page 363
Organizational efforts to resolve conflicts (internalization process)......Page 364
14.5 Implications......Page 365
14.6 Conclusion......Page 367
REFERENCES......Page 368
15.2 Current Debates and Perspectives......Page 371
15.3 Research Methodology......Page 373
Environmental context......Page 375
IS context......Page 378
Internal conditions for ERP implementation......Page 379
Axial Coding......Page 380
The nature of knowledge integration......Page 381
Selective Coding......Page 382
Awareness generating......Page 383
Support sustaining......Page 384
Innovation reinforcing......Page 385
15.5 Conclusion and Implications......Page 386
REFERENCES......Page 387
Part IV Cultural Aspects of Enterprise Systems......Page 391
16.1 Introduction......Page 393
16.2 Methodology......Page 394
16.4 Sources of Misfits: Context Specificity......Page 395
Country-Specific Misfits......Page 396
Industry-Specific Misfits......Page 397
Organization-Specific Misfits......Page 398
16.5 Nature of Misfits......Page 399
16.6 Sources and Nature of Misfits......Page 404
16.7 Balancing the Perspective: Functional Excess......Page 405
16.8 The Lessons Learnt......Page 406
REFERENCES......Page 407
17.1 The Impact of Culture on ERP Implementations......Page 408
17.2 Social and Management Science Research on Organizational and National Culture......Page 410
17.3 A Model of Culture and Its Impact on ERP Implementation......Page 412
A Tentative Knowledge Meta-Schema for Culture......Page 413
More Predictions About Culture......Page 415
The Data Gathering Approach......Page 416
Second Phase Data Gathering......Page 418
Overview of the SAP Implementation in the Swedish Subsidiary......Page 419
The Culture of the Swedish Subsidiary......Page 420
Organizational culture......Page 421
National culture......Page 422
Job Satisfaction Problem in the Warehouse......Page 423
Problems with the Implementation of the Warehouse System......Page 424
17.6 Conclusions and Discussion......Page 425
Future Work......Page 427
REFERENCES......Page 428
Appendix 1......Page 430
Appendix 2......Page 433
Appendix 3......Page 435
Part V Future Directions......Page 437
18.1 Introduction......Page 439
Some Common Problems ERP Package Users Face......Page 440
Limited functionality......Page 441
Lack of extended enterprise support......Page 442
High total cost of ownership......Page 443
New industry-specific and extended enterprise functionality......Page 444
Componentization......Page 445
Application hosting......Page 446
18.3 The Discontinuity View......Page 447
Enter the Electronic Marketplaces......Page 448
Enter the Collaboration Facilitators......Page 450
ERP – Essential Functionality for All Participants......Page 452
ERP – Only Needed at the Hub of Collaborative Commerce......Page 453
Objections and Answers......Page 456
18.5 Conclusion......Page 457
REFERENCES......Page 458
Index......Page 461