SeaCities: Aquatic Urbanism

Acknowledgements
Introduction
Contents
Developing Aquatic Urbanism: A Taxonomy for 35 Tactics
	1 Introduction
	2 Matrix
	3 Tactics
		3.1 The Float Strategy
		3.2 The Dive Strategy
		3.3 The Stand Strategy
	4 Results
	References
Systemic Urban-Wetland Interdependencies
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Urban System Design Frameworks
		3.1 Environmental Ethics and Systems Thinking
		3.2 Urban Metabolism
		3.3 Ecosystem Biomimicry
		3.4 Smart City
		3.5 Nature-Integrated Systems
		3.6 Comparative Appraisal
	4 Eco System Urban and Natural Functions
		4.1 Protection
		4.2 Productivity
		4.3 Community
		4.4 Security
		4.5 Transmission
		4.6 Timelines
		4.7 Ecosystem Functions Summary
	5 System Thinking Concept Map
	6 Conclusion
	References
HydroPolis: How to Evolve Solutions for Floating Eco-Village Collectives?
	1 HydroDemand: Background and Importance of the Study
	2 HydroMethodology: Innovations Methods Used Design Thinking, Participatory Planning, and Co-Design
		2.1 Design Thinking DT
		2.2 Co-Design CD
		2.3 Study Frame and Limits
	3 HydroXploring
		3.1 H1 HydrOid: Exploring the Shape of Water
		3.2 H2 HydroTerritory: Participatory Planning of the Region Considering Sea-Level Rise
		3.3 H3 HydroPlanning: Co-Design of Interdependent Urban Functions and Elements
		3.4 HydroTecture: Prototyping Floating (Archi)tectures for HydroPolis
	4 Discussion of HydroPolis Design Phases Under DT Competencies
	5 HydroClusion
	References
An Overview of Artificial Islands Growth Processes and Their Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise
	1 Introduction
	2 Selection Criteria and Methodology
	3 Case Studies
		3.1 Crannogs, Scotland
		3.2 Nan Madol, Pohnpei
		3.3 Mound Key, Florida
		3.4 Athaphum, Lake Loktak
		3.5 Langalanga, Solomon Islands
		3.6 Uros, Lake Titicaca
		3.7 Venice
		3.8 Palm Jumeirah, Dubai
		3.9 Sea City, Kuwait
		3.10 Al Raha, Abu Dhabi
		3.11 Flevoland, Netherlands
		3.12 Marker Wadden, Netherlands
		3.13 Kansai Airport, Japan
		3.14 Hong Kong International Airport, Hong Kong
		3.15 Mischief Reef, South China Sea
		3.16 Thilafushi, Maldives
		3.17 Waldorf Astoria Maldives, Ithaafushi Atoll
		3.18 Sovereign Islands, Gold Coast
		3.19 Oceanix City
		3.20 Symbiosis
		3.21 Biorock
		3.22 Foram Sand Project, Funafuti, Tuvalu
		3.23 Growing Islands, Self-Assembly Lab, MIT
	4 Artificial Islands Growth Concepts
		4.1 Deposition
		4.2 Consumption and Disposal
		4.3 Additive Manufacturing
		4.4 Extraction of Water
		4.5 Extraction of Land
		4.6 Immersion
		4.7 Reformation
		4.8 Vegetation Blending
		4.9 Growth of Marine Organisms
	5 Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise
		5.1 Enclosed Environments
		5.2 Semi-Protected Environments
		5.3 Living Environments
		5.4 Unprotected Environments
	6 Conclusion
	References
Transferring the Plastic Sea into the Sea: Environmental Opportunities for Floating Greenhouses in Almería (Spain)
	1 Introduction
	2 The Plastic Sea in Almeria. Water Resources and Future Challenges
	3 The SWGH: Environmental Parameters and Performance, Sea vs Land Side
		3.1 The Temperature
		3.2 The Relative Humidity
		3.3 The Winds Patterns and Airflow Rates
		3.4 The CO2 Concentration and Emissions
		3.5 The Crops Production
	4 Conclusion
	References
Floating Jakarta: A Human Dimension
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Sea Level Rise Impacts on Jakarta
	4 Sea Urbanism is out of Radar in Jakarta Policy
		4.1 Jakarta Spatial Plan 2030
		4.2 Climate-Resilient Low Carbon Development Plan 2045
	5 The Efficacy of Jakarta’s Sea Defence System
	6 Advancing Above the Water for Jakarta: A Human Dimension
	7 Conclusion
	References
Marine Spatial Planning at the Municipal Scale: Lessons from China and Sweden
	1 Introduction
	2 The Case Study of China
		2.1 The Development of the Marine Functional Zoning System in China
		2.2 Pioneering Marine Functional Zoning in Xiamen
		2.3 Marine Functional Zoning: Adopting Land-Use Functional Zoning and Transforming Urban Seascapes
	3 The Case Study of Sweden
		3.1 Municipal Level Versus National Level in Planning the Territorial Sea
		3.2 From Cross-Municipal Marine Spatial Planning of Northern Bohuslän to Marine Spatial Planning Integrated into Gothenburg’s Municipal Comprehensive Plan
		3.3 Municipal Marine Spatial Planning: Ecosystem Approach in Strategic Guidance for Urban Seascapes
	4 Comparison Between Chinese Municipal Marine Functional Zoning and Swedish Municipal Marine Spatial Planning
		4.1 Key Findings
		4.2 Lessons from Chinese Municipal Marine Functional Zoning and Swedish Municipal Marine Spatial Planning
		4.3 The Remaining Challenges in Planning Urban Seascapes
	5 Conclusions
	References