Review of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents Introduced into Europe

Cover
Review of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents Introduced into Europe
Copyright
Contents
Introduction and Summary
	Countries of Origin and Destination
	Targets
	Biological control agents released
1 Exotic Insect Biocontrol Agents Released in Europe
	1.1 Acizzia uncatoides (FERRIS AND KLYVER), Acacia Psyllid (Hem., Psyllidae)
		1.1.1 Harmonia conformis (BOISDUVAL) (Col., Coccinellidae)
	1.2 Acyrthosiphon pisum HARRIS, Pea Aphid (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.2.1 Aphidius smithi SHARMA AND SUBBA RAO, lucerne aphid parasite (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.3 Aleurothrixus floccosus MASKELL, Woolly Whitefly (Hem., Aleyrodidae)
		1.3.1 Amitus spiniferus (BRÈTHES) (Hym., Platygastridae)
		1.3.2 Cales noacki HOWARD (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.3.3 Eretmocerus paulistus HEMPEL (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	1.4 Aonidiella aurantii (MASKELL), California Red Scale (Hem., Diaspididae)
		1.4.1 Aphytis holoxanthus DEBACH, circular black scale parasite (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.4.2 Aphytis lingnanensis COMPERE (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.4.3 Aphytis melinus DEBACH, golden chalcid (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.4.4 Comperiella bifasciata HOWARD (Hym., Encyrtidae)
	1.5 Aphis spiraecola PATCH, Green Citrus Aphid (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.5.1 Harmonia axyridis PALLAS, Asian ladybird (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.5.2 Lysiphlebus testaceipes (CRESSON) (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.6 Aphis spiraephaga MULLER, Spireas Aphid (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.6.1 Aphidius colemani VIERECK (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.6.2 Lysiphlebus testaceipes (CRESSON) (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.7 Aspidiotus nerii BOUCHE, Aucuba Scale (Hem., Diaspididae)
		1.7.1 Aphytis melinus DEBACH (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	1.8 Bactrocera oleae (ROSSI), Olive Fruit Fly (Dip., Tephritidae)
		1.8.1 Belonuchus rufipennis (FABRICIUS) (Col., Staphylinidae)
		1.8.2 Biosteres longicaudatus ASHMEAD, longtailed fruit fly parasite (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.8.3 Bracon celer SZÉPLIGETI (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.8.4 Cirrospilus variegatus (MASI) (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.8.5 Euderus cavasolae (SILVESTRI) (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.8.6 Eupelmus afer SILVESTRI (Hym., Eupelmidae)
		1.8.7 Fopius arisanus (SONAN) (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.8.8 Halticoptera daci SILVESTRI (Hym., Pteromalidae)
		1.8.9 Mesopolobus modestus SILVESTRI (Hym., Pteromalidae)
		1.8.10 Closterocerus formosus WESTWOOD (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.8.11 Diachasmimorpha tryoni (CAMERON) (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.8.12 Phaedrotoma trimaculata (SPINOLA) (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.8.13 Psyttalia concolor SZÉPLIGETI (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.8.14 Psyttalia dacicida (SILVESTRI) (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.8.15 Triaspis daci (SZÉPLIGETI) (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.8.16 Utetes africanus (SZÉPLIGETI) (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.9 Ceratitis capitata (WIEDEMANN), Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Dip., Tephritidae)
		1.9.1 Aceratoneuromyia indica (SILVESTRI) (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.9.2 Belonuchus rufipennis (FABRICIUS) (Col., Staphylinidae)
		1.9.3 Dirhinus giffardii SILVESTRI (Hym., Chalcididae)
		1.9.4 Coptera silvestrii (KIEFFER) (Hym., Diapriidae)
		1.9.5 Tetrastichus giffardianus SILVESTRI (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.9.6 Elachertus giffardi TIMBERLAKE (Hym., Eulophidae)
	1.10 Choristoneura murinana (HÜBNER), European Fir Budworm (Lep., Tortricidae)
		1.10.1 Apanteles fumiferanae VIERECK (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.10.2 Ceromasia auricaudata TOWNSEND (Dip., Tachinidae)
		1.10.3 Glypta fumiferanae (VIERECK) (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
		1.10.4 Casinaria sp. (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
		1.10.5 Smidtia fumiferanae TOTHILL (Dip., Tachinidae)
	1.11 Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (MORGAN), Dictyospermum Scale (Hem., Diaspididae)
		1.11.1 Aphytis coheni DEBACH (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.11.2 Aphytis lingnanensis COMPERE (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.11.3 Aphytis melinus DEBACH, golden chalcid (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.11.4 Comperiella bifasciata HOWARD (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.11.5 Encarsia lounsburyi (BERLESE AND PAOLI) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.11.6 Encarsia perniciosi (TOWER) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	1.12 Cydia molesta (BUSCK), Oriental Fruit Moth (Lep., Tortricidae)
		1.12.1 Glypta rufiscutellaris CRESSON (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
		1.12.2 Hymenochaonia delicata (CRESSON) (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.12.3 Macrocentrus ancylivorus ROHWER (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.13 Cydia pomonella L., Codling Moth (Lep., Tortricidae)
		1.13.1 Trichogramma minutum RILEY, minute egg parasite (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
	1.14 Cinara laportei (REMAUDIÈRE) (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.14.1 Pauesia cedrobii STARÝ AND LECLANT (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.15 Ctenarytaina eucalypti (MASKELL), Blue Gum Psyllid (Hem., Psyllidae)
		1.15.1 Psyllaephagus pilosus NOYES (Hym., Encyrtidae)
	1.16 Dendroctonus micans (KUGELANN), Great Spruce Bark Beetle (Col., Curculionidae)
		1.16.1 Rhizophagus grandis GYLLENHAL (Col., Monotomidae)
	1.17 Dialeurodes citri (ASHMEAD), Citrus Whitefly (Hem., Aleyrodidae)
		1.17.1 Encarsia formosa GAHAN, whitefly parasite (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.17.2 Encarsia lahorensis (HOWARD) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.17.3 Serangium parcesetosum SICARD (Col., Coccinellidae)
	1.18 Diaspidiotus perniciosus (COMSTOCK), San José Scale (Hem., Diaspididae)
		1.18.1 Chilocorus similis (ROSSI), Asiatic ladybird (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.18.2 Encarsia perniciosi (TOWER) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.18.3 Rhyzobius lophanthae (BLAISDELL), scale-eating ladybird (Col., Coccinellidae)
	1.19 Diuraphis noxia (KURDJUMOV), Russian Wheat Aphid (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.19.1 Aphidius colemani VIERECK (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.20 Dryocosmus kuriphilus YASUMATSY, Chestnut Gall Wasp (Hym., Cynipidae)
		1.20.1 Torymus sinensis KAMIJO (Hym., Torymidae)
	1.21 Eriosoma lanigerum (HAUSMANN), Woolly Aphid (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.21.1 Aphelinus mali (HALDEMAN), woolly aphid parasite (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	1.22 Ectomyelois ceratoniae (ZELLER), Locust Bean Moth (Lep., Pyralidae)
		1.22.1 Phanerotoma flavitestacea FISCHER (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.23 Gonipterus scutellatus GYLLENHAL, Eucalyptus Weevil (Col., Curculionidae)
		1.23.1 Anaphes nitens (GIRAULT) (Hym., Mymaridae)
	1.24 Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (BOUCHÉ) (Thys., Thripidae)
		1.24.1 Thripobius javae (GIRAULT) (Hym., Eulophidae)
	1.25 Hyphantria cunea DRURY, Fall Webworm (Lep., Noctuidae)
		1.25.1 Aleiodes sanctihyacinthi (PROVANCHER) (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.25.2 Campoplex validus (CRESSON) (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
		1.25.3 Ceratomegilla maculata (DE GEER), spotted ladybird (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.25.4 Cotesia hyphantriae (RILEY) (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.25.5 Hyposoter fugitivus (SAY) (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
		1.25.6 Hyposoter pilosulus (PROVANCHER) (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
		1.25.7 Panzeria ampelus (WALKER) (Dip., Tachinidae)
		1.25.8 Meteorus bakeri COOK AND DAVIS (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.25.9 Meteorus hyphantriae RILEY (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.25.10 Podisus maculiventris (SAY), spined soldier bug (Hem., Pentatomidae)
		1.25.11 Podisus placidus UHLER (Hem., Pentatomidae)
	1.26 Icerya purchasi MASKELL, Cottony Cushion Scale (Hem., Margarodidae)
		1.26.1 Rodolia cardinalis (MULSANT), vedelia beetle (Col., Coccinellidae)
	1.27 Lepidosaphes beckii (NEWMAN), Purple Scale (Hem., Diaspididae)
		1.27.1 Aphytis coheni DEBACH (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.27.2 Aphytis lepidosaphes COMPERE (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.27.3 Chilocorus circumdatus (GYLLENHAL IN SCHÖNHERR) (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.27.4 Chilocorus hauseri WEISE (Col., Coccinellidae)
	1.28 Lepidosaphes gloverii (PACKARD), Glover Scale (Hem., Diaspididae)
		1.28.1 Encarsia brimblecombei (GIRAULT) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	1.29 Leptinotarsa decemlineata SAY, Colorado Potato Beetle (Col., Chrysomelidae)
		1.29.1 Horismenus puttleri GRISSELL (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.29.2 Lebia grandis HENTZ (Col., Carabidae)
		1.29.3 Myiopharus doryphorae (RILEY) (Dip., Tachinidae)
		1.29.4 Myiopharus sp. (Dip., Tachinidae)
		1.29.5 Perillus bioculatus (FABRICIUS), two-spotted stink bug (Hem., Pentatomidae)
		1.29.6 Perillus circumcinctus STÅL (Hem., Pentatomidae)
		1.29.7 Podisus maculiventris (SAY), spined soldier bug (Hem., Pentatomidae)
	1.30 Lymantria dispar (L.), Gypsy Moth (Lep., Erebidae)
		1.30.1 Ooencyrtus kuvanae (HOWARD) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
	1.31 Megoura viciae BUCKTON, Vetch Aphid (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.31.1 Aphidius megourae STARÝ (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.32 Melanaphis donacis (PASSERINI) (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.32.1 Aphidius colemani VIERECK (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.33 Melolontha melolontha (L.), Cockchafer or May Bug (Col., Scarabaeidae)
		1.33.1 Myzinum sp. (Hym., Scoliidae)
		1.33.2 Tiphia sp. (Hym., Tiphiidae)
	1.34 Metcalfa pruinosa (SAY), Citrus Flatid Planthopper (Hem., Flatidae)
		1.34.1 Neodryinus typhlocybae (ASHMEAD) (Hym., Dryinidae)
	1.35 Myzus persicae SULZER, Green Peach Aphid (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.35.1 Hippodamia convergens GUÉRIN-MÉNEVILLE, convergent lady beetle (Col., Coccinellidae)
	1.36 Ophelimus maskelli (ASHMEAD) (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.36.1 Closterocerus chamaeleon (GIRAULT) (Hym., Eulophidae)
	1.37 Panolis flammea (DENIS AND SCHIFFERMÜLLER), Pine Beauty (Lep., Noctuidae)
		1.37.1 Trichogramma minutum RILEY, minute egg parasite (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
	1.38 Parabemisia myricae (KUWANA), Bayberry Whitefly (Hem., Aleyrodidae)
		1.38.1 Eretmocerus debachi ROSE AND ROSEN (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.38.2 Eretmocerus sp. (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	1.39 Parectopa robiniella CLEMENS, Locust Digitate Leafminer (Lep., Gracillariidae)
		1.39.1 Closterocerus cinctipennis ASHMEAD (Hym., Eulophidae)
	1.40 Parthenolecanium corni (BOUCHÉ), European Fruit Scale (Hem., Coccidae)
		1.40.1 Encyrtus fuscus (HOWARD) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
	1.41 Pectinophora gossypiella (SAUNDERS), Pink Bollworm (Lep., Gelechiidae)
		1.41.1 Chelonus spp. (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.41.2 Chelonus blackburni CAMERON (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.41.3 Pristomerus hawaiiensis PERKINS (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
	1.42 Phoracantha semipunctata (FABRICIUS), Eucalyptus Longhorned Borer (Col., Cerambycidae)
		1.42.1 Oobius longoi (SISCARO) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
	1.43 Phthorimaea operculella (ZELLER), Potato Tuber Moth (Lep., Gelechiidae)
		1.43.1 Agathis unicolorata SHENEFELT (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.43.2 Apanteles scutellaris MUESEBECK (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.43.3 Apanteles subandinus BLANCHARD (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.43.4 Apanteles sp. (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.43.5 Habrobracon gelechiae (ASHMEAD) (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.43.6 Campoplex haywardi BLANCHARD (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
		1.43.7 Copidosoma koehleri BLANCHARD (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.43.8 Eriborus trochanteratus (MORLEY) (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
		1.43.9 Chelonus curvimaculatus CAMERON (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.43.10 Orgilus lepidus MUESEBECK (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.43.11 Orgilus parcus TURNER (Hym., Braconidae)
		1.43.12 Temelucha sp. (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
		1.43.13 Trichogramma spp. (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
	1.44 Phyllocnistis citrella STAINTON, Citrus Leafminer (Lep., Gracillariidae)
		1.44.1 Ageniaspis citricola LOGVINOVSKAYA (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.44.2 Cirrospilus ingenuus GAHAN (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.44.3 Citrostichus phyllocnistoides (NARAYANAN) (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.44.4 Galeopsomyia fausta LA SALLE (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.44.5 Quadrastichus citrella REINA AND LA SALLE (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.44.6 Semielacher petiolatus (GIRAULT) (Hym., Eulophidae)
	1.45 Planococcus citri (RISSO), Citrus Mealybug (Hem., Pseudococcidae)
		1.45.1 Coccidoxenoides peregrinus (TIMBERLAKE) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.45.2 Coccophagus gurneyi COMPERE (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.45.3 Cryptolaemus montrouzieri MULSANT, mealybug ladybird (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.45.4 Leptomastix dactylopii HOWARD (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.45.5 Nephus reunioni FÜRSCH (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.45.6 Tetracnemoidea brevicornis (GIRAULT) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
	1.46 Prays oleae (BERNARD), Olive Kernel Borer (Lep., Yponomeutidae)
		1.46.1 Trichogramma cacaeciae MARCHAL (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
		1.46.2 Trichogramma dendrolimi MATSUMURA (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
		1.46.3 Trichogramma minutum RILEY, minute egg parasite (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
		1.46.4 Trichogramma pretiosum RILEY (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
		1.46.5 Trichogramma spp. (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
	1.47 Pseudaulacaspis pentagona (TARGIONI TOZZETTI), White Peach Scale or Mulberry Scale (Hem., Diaspididae)
		1.47.1 Aphytis proclia (WALKER) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.47.2 Encarsia berlesei (HOWARD) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.47.3 Pteroptrix orientalis (SILVESTRI) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.47.4 Rhyzobius lophanthae (BLAISDELL), scale-eating ladybird (Col., Coccinellidae)
	1.48 Pseudococcus viburni (SIGNORET), Obscure Mealybug (Hem., Pseudococcidae)
		1.48.1 Nephus reunioni FÜRSCH (Col., Coccinellidae)
	1.49 Rhyacionia buoliana (DENIS AND SCHIFFERMÜLLER), European Pine Shoot Moth (Lep., Tortricidae)
		1.49.1 Hyssopus thymus GIRAULT (Hym., Eulophidae)
		1.49.2 Itoplectis conquisitor (SAY) (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
	1.50 Saissetia oleae (OLIVIER), Black Olive Scale (Hem., Coccidae)
		1.50.1 Coccophagus ceroplastae (HOWARD) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.50.2 Coccophagus rusti COMPERE (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.50.3 Diversinervus elegans SILVESTRI (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.50.4 Encyrtus aurantii (GEOFFROY) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.50.5 Metaphycus anneckei GUERRIERI AND NOYES and Metaphycus hageni DAANE AND CALTAGIRONE (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.50.6 Metaphycus helvolus (COMPERE) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.50.7 Metaphycus lounsburyi (HOWARD) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.50.8 Metaphycus stanleyi COMPERE (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.50.9 Metaphycus swirskii ANNECKE AND MYNHARDT (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.50.10 Microterys nietneri (MOTSCHULSKY) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.50.11 Moranila californica (HOWARD) (Hym., Pteromalidae)
		1.50.12 Rhyzobius forestieri (MULSANT) (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.50.13 Scutellista caerulea (FONSCOLOMBE) (Hym., Pteromalidae)
	1.51 Stictocephala bisonia KOPP AND YONKE, Buffalo Treehopper (Hem., Membracidae)
		1.51.1 Polynema striaticorne GIRAULT (Hym., Mymaridae)
	1.52 Toxoptera aurantii (BOYER DE FONSCOLOMBE), Black Citrus Aphid (Hem., Aphididae)
		1.52.1 Harmonia axyridis PALLAS, Asian ladybird (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.52.2 Lysiphlebus testaceipes (CRESSON) (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.53 Trialeurodes vaporariorum (WESTWOOD), Greenhouse Whitefly (Hem., Aleyrodidae)
		1.53.1 Encarsia pergandiella HOWARD (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	1.54 Unaspis yanonensis (KUWANA), Arrowhead Scale (Hem., Diaspididae)
		1.54.1 Aphytis yanonensis DEBACH AND ROSEN (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.54.2 Coccobius fulvus (COMPERE AND ANNECKE) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	1.55 Unspecified Aphids (Hem., Aphidae)
		1.55.1 Coccinella sp. (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.55.2 Harmonia axyridis PALLAS, Asian ladybird (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.55.3 Hippodamia convergens GUÉRIN-MÉNEVILLE, convergent lady beetle (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.55.4 Lysiphlebus testaceipes (CRESSON) (Hym., Braconidae)
	1.56 Unspecified Scale Insects (Hem., Coccidae)
		1.56.1 Aphytis chrysomphali (MERCET) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.56.2 Aphytis lingnanensis COMPERE (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.56.3 Chilocorus kuwanae SILVESTRI (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.56.4 Chilocorus stigma SAY, twice-stabbed lady beetle (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.56.5 Coccidophilus citricola BRÈTHES (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.56.6 Comperiella bifasciata HOWARD (Hym., Encyrtidae)
		1.56.7 Encarsia ectophaga (SILVESTRI) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.56.8 Pentilia egena MULSANT (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.56.9 Hyperaspis silvestrii WEISE (Col., Coccinellidae)
		1.56.10 Pteroptrix smithi (COMPERE) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
		1.56.11 Scymnus sp. (Col., Coccinellidae)
	1.57 Unspecified Moths (Lepidoptera)
		1.57.1 Itoplectis conquisitor (SAY) (Hym., Ichneumonidae)
	1.58 Unspecified Coccidae Targets
		1.58.1 Metaphycus luteolus (TIMBERLAKE) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
	1.59 Unspecified Targets
		1.59.1 Mallada desjardinsi (NAVÁS) (Neu., Chrysopidae)
2 European Insect Biocontrol Agents Released in Europe
	2.1 Adelges piceae (RATZEBURG), Balsam Woolly Adelgid (Hem., Adelgidae)
		2.1.1 Laricobius erichsonii ROSENHAUER (Col., Derodontidae)
		2.1.2 Scymnus impexus MULSANT (Col., Coccinellidae)
	2.2 Diaspidiotus perniciosus (COMSTOCK), San José Scale (Hem., Diaspididae)
		2.2.1 Encarsia fasciata (MALENOTTI) (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	2.3 Dociostaurus maroccanus (THUNBERG), Moroccan Locust (Ort., Acrididae)
		2.3.1 Cytherea obscura FABRICIUS (Dip., Bombyliidae)
		2.3.2 Mylabris variabilis (PALLAS) (Col., Meloidae)
		2.3.3 Systoechus ctenopterus (MIKAN) (Dip., Bombyliidae)
	2.4 Dialeurodes citri (ASHMEAD), Citrus Whitefly (Hem., Aleyrodidae)
		2.4.1 Encarsia tricolor FORSTER (Hym., Aphelinidae)
	2.5 Ips sexdentatus (BOERNER), Six-toothed Bark Beetle (Col., Scolytidae)
		2.5.1 Aulonium ruficorne (OLIVIER) (Col., Zopheridae)
		2.5.2 Hypophloeus fraxini KUGELANN (Olivier) (Col., Tenebrionidae)
		2.5.3 Platysoma oblongum (FABRICIUS) (Col., Histeridae)
		2.5.4 Tomicobia seitneri (RUSCHKA) (Hym., Pteromalidae)
	2.6 Liriomyza trifolii (BURGESS IN COMSTOCK), American Serpentine Leafminer (Dip., Agromyzidae)
		2.6.1 Diglyphus isaea (WALKER) (Hym., Eulophidae)
		2.6.2 Dacnusa sibirica TELENGA (Hym., Braconidae)
	2.7 Prays oleae (BERNARD), Olive Kernel Borer (Lep., Yponomeutidae)
		2.7.1 Chelonus elaeaphilus (SILVESTRI) (Hym., Braconidae)
		2.7.2 Trichogramma embryophagum (HARTIG) (Hym., Trichogrammatidae)
	2.8 Rhyacionia buoliana (DENIS AND SCHIFFERMÜLLER), European Pine Shoot Moth (Lep., Tortricidae)
		2.8.1 Baryscapus turionum (HARTIG) (Hym., Eulophidae)
		2.8.2 Copidosoma geniculatum (DALMAN) (Hym., Encyrtidae)
	2.9 Scolytus scolytus (FABRICIUS), Large European Elm Bark Beetle (Col., Scolytidae)
		2.9.1 Dendrosoter protuberans (NEES) (Hym., Braconidae)
3 Weed Biocontrol
	3.1 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Common Ragweed (Asteraceae)
		3.1.1 Zygogramma suturalis (FABRICIUS) (Col., Chrysomelidae)
	3.2 Reynoutria japonica var. japonica HOUTTUYN, Japanese Knotweed (Polygonaceae)
		3.2.1 Aphalara itadori (SHINJI) (Hem., Psyllidae)
	3.3 Cirsium arvense (L.) SCOPOLI, Creeping Thistle (Asteraceae)
		3.3.1 Altica carduorum (GUÉRIN-MÉNEVILLE) (Col., Chrysomelidae)
4 Discussion
Table 4
Table 5
References
Index
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