Multifunctional Organic-Inorganic Halide Perovskite: Applications in Solar Cells, Light-Emitting Diodes, and Resistive Memory

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Theoretical Investigations on Organometal Halide Perovskite
	1.1: Introduction
	1.2: Electronic Structure
	1.3: Phase Transitions
	1.4: Surface, Interface, and Defects
	1.5: Combinatorial Screening
	1.6: Summary and Future Works
Chapter 2: Electronic Properties of Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite
	2.1: Introduction
	2.2: Electronic Band Structure
		2.2.1: Electronic Bandgap
		2.2.2: Effective Masses of Electrons and Holes
		2.2.3: Optical Absorption
		2.2.4: Defects in a Bandgap
		2.2.5: Defect Tolerance
	2.3: Photogenerated Charge Carrier Transport
		2.3.1: Slow Recombination Rate
		2.3.2: Charge Carrier Mobility
	2.4: Conclusion
Chapter 3: Optical Excited-State Properties of Halide Perovskites
	3.1: Excitons versus Free Carriers
		3.1.1: Exciton Binding Energy
		3.1.2: Saha Equilibrium
		3.1.3: The Spectroscopic Signature of Free Carriers
		3.1.4: Technological Implications
	3.2: Electron–Hole Recombination in Perovskites and Perovskite-Based Solar Cells
		3.2.1: I–V Characteristics
		3.2.2: All-Optical Determination of the Ideality Factor
		3.2.3: Shockley–Read–Hall Recombination in Perovskite Films
		3.2.4: Free Energy and Ideality Factor in Perovskite Heterojunctions
		3.2.5: All-Optical Prediction of the Limit Power Conversion Efficiency
	3.3: Beyond Pure Iodine and Bromine
	3.4: Conclusions and Outlook
Chapter 4: Ferroelectricity in Perovskite Solar Cells
	4.1: Introduction
	4.2: Ferroelectric Mechanism in Perovskite
		4.2.1: Atomic Modeling
		4.2.2: Crystal Structure with Dipole Moments
		4.2.3: Electronic Structure Calculation
	4.3: Ferroelectric Phenomena in the I–V Curve
		4.3.1: Analysis for Ferroelectric in the Perovskite Solar Cell
		4.3.2: Polarization and the Hysteresis Loop
		4.3.3: Hysteresis and Ferroelectric Response
	4.4: Piezoresponse in a Perovskite Solar Cell
		4.4.1: Study of Piezoresponse and Ferroelectric Domains
		4.4.2: Study of Surface Potential and Photoinduced Shifting
		4.4.3: Analysis of Ferroelectric Switching
		4.4.4: Ferroelectric and Pyroelectric Effect in MAPbI3
		4.4.5: Second Harmonic Generation
	4.5: Conclusion
Chapter 5: Tandem Structure
	5.1: Introduction
	5.2: Beam Splitting System
	5.3: Perovskite/Silicon
		5.3.1: Four-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon
		5.3.2: Two-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon
	5.4: Perovskite/CIGS
		5.4.1: Four-Terminal Perovskite/CIGS
		5.4.2: Two-Terminal Perovskite/CIGS
	5.5: Perovskite/Perovskite
		5.5.1: Four-Terminal Perovskite/Perovskite
		5.5.2: Two-Terminal Perovskite/Perovskite
	5.6: Processing Effects on a Tandem Device Using Perovskite Solar Cells
		5.6.1: ITO Sputtering Damage in a Hole Transport Material
		5.6.2: Effectiveness of the Au Layer in Preventing ITO Sputtering Damage
		5.6.3: Optoelectrical Engineering of Au and ITO Layer for a Tandem Solar Cell
		5.6.3.1: Au or MoOx between HTM and ITO layer
		5.6.3.2: ITO layer on perovskite solar cells
		5.6.3.3: ITO layer on silicon solar cells
	5.7: Conclusion
Chapter 6: Perovskite Resistive Memory
	6.1: Introduction
	6.2: Resistive Switching Memory
	6.3: Origin of the Hysteresis Ion/Defect Migration
	6.4: OIP-Based ReRAM
		6.4.1: OIP-Based ReRAM with Halide Composition
		6.4.2: Flexible OIP-Based ReRAM
		6.4.3: Possibility of High-Density Memory Applications: Multilevel and Nanoscale Memory
		6.4.4: Air-Stable OIP-Based ReRAM
		6.4.5: OIP-Based Neuromorphic Applications
		6.4.6: Ion Distribution and Resistive Switching Effect under Electric Field and Light Illumination
		6.4.7: Two-Dimensional OIP-Based ReRAM
	6.5: Summary and Outlook
Chapter 7: Carbon-Based Large-Scale Technology
	7.1: Introduction
	7.2: Device Structures and Working Principles
	7.3: Pursuing High Efficiency and Stability
		7.3.1: HTM-Free Mesoporous Carbon-Based PSCs
		7.3.2: HTM-Free Planar Carbon-Based PSCs
		7.3.3: Carbon-Based PSCs with HTMs
	7.4: Scaling-Up of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Cells
		7.4.1: Architectures of Large-Area Carbon-Based PSC Modules
		7.4.2: Printing Techniques
		7.4.3: Manufacturing of Carbon-Based Perovskite Solar Modules
	7.5: Conclusions
Chapter 8: Halide Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes
	8.1: Introduction
	8.2: Fundamental Properties
		8.2.1: Structure and Working Mechanism of PeLEDs
		8.2.2: Charge Carrier Dynamics of Perovskite Emitters
		8.2.3: Crystallization Mechanism of Perovskite PC Bulk Films
	8.3: One-Step Solution Process
		8.3.1: Crystal Formation Mechanism
		8.3.2: Retarded Crystallization by Adding Additives
		8.3.3: Prevented Crystal Growth by Inhibitors
			8.3.3.1: Inhibited crystal growth by organic molecules
			8.3.3.2: Hindered crystal growth by mixed organic ammonium
			8.3.3.3: Restricted crystal growth by precursor ratio control
		8.3.4: Fast Termination of Crystal Growth
		8.3.5: Facilitated Crystal Nucleation by Interfacial Treatments
	8.4: Two-Step Solution Process
	8.5: Conclusion
Index