Resistive Gaseous Detectors: Designs, Performance, and Perspectives

Content: Cover
 Title Page
 Copyright
 Contents
 Preface
 Acknowledgments
 Abbreviations
 Introduction
 Chapter 1 ""Classical"" Gaseous Detectors and Their Limits
 1.1 Ionization Chambers
 1.2 Single-Wire Counters Operated in Avalanche Mode
 1.3 Avalanche and Discharge Development in Uniform or Cylindrical Electric Fields
 1.3.1 Fast Breakdown
 1.3.2 Slow Breakdown
 1.4 Pulsed Spark and Streamer Detectors
 1.5 Multiwire Proportional Chambers
 1.6 A New Idea for Discharge Quenching and Localization
 References
 Chapter 2 Historical Developments Leading to Modern Resistive Gaseous Detectors. 2.1 Introduction: the Importance of the Parallel-Plate Geometry2.2 First Parallel-Plate Counters
 2.3 Further Developments
 2.4 The First RPC Prototypes
 2.5 Pestov's Planar Spark Chambers
 2.6 Wire-Type Detectors with Resistive Cathodes
 References
 Chapter 3 Basics of Resistive Plate Chambers
 3.1 Introduction
 3.2 Santonico and Cardarelli's RPCs
 3.3 Glass RPCs
 3.4 Avalanche and Streamer Modes
 3.4.1 Streamer Mode
 3.4.2 Avalanche Mode
 3.5 Signal Development
 3.5.1 Signal Formation
 3.5.2 Charge Distribution
 3.5.3 Efficiency
 3.5.4 Time Resolution
 3.5.5 Position Resolution. 3.6 Choice of Gas Mixtures3.6.1 Main Requirements for RPC Gas Mixtures
 3.6.2 Quenching Gas Mixtures
 3.6.2.1 General Information
 3.6.2.2 Historical Review about Gas Mixtures for Inhibiting Photon Feedback
 3.6.2.3 Some Considerations on Delayed Afterpulses
 3.7 Current in RPCs
 3.8 Dark Counting Rate
 3.9 Effects of Temperature and Pressure
 References
 Chapter 4 Further Developments in Resistive Plate Chambers
 4.1 Double Gap RPCs
 4.2 Wide-Gap RPCs
 4.3 The Multi-gap RPCs
 4.4 ""Space-Charge"" Effects
 4.5 Review of Analytical Models of RPC Behavior. 4.5.1 Electron Avalanches Deeply Affected by Space Charge4.5.2 Highly Variable Currents Flowing through Resistive Materials
 4.5.3 Electrical Induction through Materials with Varied Electrical Properties
 4.5.4 Propagation of Fast Signals in Multiconductor Transmission Lines
 4.6 Timing RPCs
 4.7 The Importance of Front-End Electronics for Operation in Streamer and Avalanche Modes
 4.8 Attempts to Increase Sensitivity via Secondary Electron Emission
 References
 Chapter 5 Resistive Plate Chambers in High Energy Physics Experiments
 5.1 Early Experiments Using RPCs. 5.2 RPCs for the L3 Experiment at LEP5.3 The Instrumented Flux Return of the BaBar Experiment
 5.4 The ARGO-YBJ Detector
 5.5 The ""BIG"" Experiments: ATLAS, ALICE, and CMS at LHC
 5.5.1 ATLAS
 5.5.2 CMS
 5.5.3 Some Common Themes to ATLAS and CMS
 5.5.4 ALICE
 5.6 The RPC-TOF System of the HADES Experiment
 5.7 The Extreme Energy Events Experiment
 5.8 Other Experiments
 References
 Chapter 6 Materials and Aging in Resistive Plate Chambers
 6.1 Materials
 6.1.1 Glasses and Glass RPCs
 6.1.2 Bakelite
 6.1.3 Methods to Measure Bakelite Resistivity
 6.1.4 Semiconductive Materials.