Religious Reform in the Late Ottoman Empire: Institutional Change and the Professionalization of the Ulema

Cover\nHalftitle page\nTitle page\nCopyright page\nDediation\nContents\nFigures\nTables\nPreface\nAcknowledgments\nAbbreviations and Acronyms\n1 Introduction: The Decline Paradigm of the Ulema Reconsidered\n	Major Themes in Studies on the Decline of the Ottoman Ulema\n	Rethinking the Decline of the Ottoman Ulema\n2 The Re-organization of the Şeyhülislam Office (1826–1914)\n	Expanding Central Government Control\n	A New Office in the Şeyhülislam Office: Ağa Kapısı\n	New Departments under the Şeyhülislam Office\n3 Ulema’s Educational Career\n	Sıbyan Mektebi\n	Education in the Madrasa\n	The Staff in the Madrasa\n	The Duration of Madrasa Education\n	The Curricula of the Madrasa\n	The Life of Madrasa Students\n	Livelihood\n	Military Service\n	Examination and Appointment\n4 Ulema’s Professional Career (1880–1920)\n	Appointment\n	Promotion\n	Salary\n	Social Security Rights and Retirement\n	Reward and Punishment\n	Resignation\n	Multiple Duties of the Ulema\n5 Social Profile of the Ulema: A Prosopographical Study\n	Place of Birth\n	Effect of Family Background\n	Early Education\n	Istanbul as an Educational Center\n	Modern School Education\n	Recruitment\n	Income of the Ulema\n	Marital Status\n6 Ulema in the Context of Everyday Social Life\n	Ulema as the Voice of Public\n	Social Dispute, Conflict Resolution, and Ulema\nConclusion\nAppendices\nNotes\nBibliography\nIndex