Religion, Power, and the Rise of Shinto in Early Modern Japan

Cover page
Halftitle page
Series page
Title page
Copyright page
Contents
Illustrations
Preface
Editorial Conventions
Introduction Tokugawa Religious Orthopraxy and the Phenomenon of Domain Shinto
	Religious Orthopraxy and its Challenges: The Chapters within This Volume
	Domain Shinto
	Conclusion
Part One Tokugawa Orthopraxy
	1 Anti-Christian Temple Certification (terauke) in Early Modern Japan Establishment, Practice, and Challenges
		The Establishment of Temple Certification
		The Practice of Temple Certification
		Challenges to Temple Certification
		Epilogue
	2 Ieyasu’s Posthumous Title and the Tokugawa Discourse on “Divine Country”
		The Discourse on the “Divine Country” and its Development
		The shinkoku Discourse of the “Holders of the Realm”
		The Significance of Ieyasu’s Divine Title
		Shinkoku in Tōshōgū Ritualism
		Epilogue
Part Two Unwanted Religious Groups
	3 Anti-Christian Measures in Nagasaki During the Early Edo Period (1614–44)
		The Destruction of Christian Institutions
		The Appropriation of Christian Space
		Buddhist Temples in the Anti-Christian Policy
		The Establishment of Buddhist Temples
		The Establishment of Shinto Shrines
		Shrines in the Anti-Christian Policy
		Conclusion
	4 When the Lotus Went Underground The Nichiren Buddhist Fujufuse Movement and Its Early Modern Persecution
		A Controversy Emerges
		The Great Buddha Memorial Rites and Nichiō’s Dissent
		The Conflict Moves East
		Accommodationist Attacks and Fujufuse Resistance
		The Kanbun-Era Persecution
		Conclusion
	5 “Deviant Practices” and “Strange Acts” Late Tokugawa Judicial Perspectives on Heteropraxy
		Rules and Precedents
		Propagation of Deviant Practices: Hiji Hōmon
		Charlatanry and Clerical Imprecations
		The Kirishitan Issue
		Conclusion
Part Three Intellectual Challenges
	6 Shinto as a Quasi-Confucian Ideology
		Religious Policies in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century
		The Ideology behind the Shrine Regulations and the Resurrection of Ancient Shrines
		Reconsidering the Unity of Shinto and Confucianism: Shinto as Martial Confucianism
		The Formative Process of Quasi-Confucianism
		Conclusion
	7 Buddhist-Confucian Polemics and the Position of Shinto
		Polemics
		The Position of Shinto
		Conclusions
	8 Ikeda Mitsumasa and Confucian Ritual
		Phase 1: Mitsumasa’s Early Engagement with Shingaku
		Phase 2: Mitsumasa’s Evolving Approach to Governance
		Phase 3: Public Shift of Confucian Sectarian Allegiance
		Phase 4: Converting the Okayama Domain—Religious Reform, Confucian Education, Ritual, and the Peasantry
		Phase 5: Tsunamasa’s Change of Style
		Conclusion
	9 Calendars and Graves Shibukawa Harumi’s Criticism of Hoshina Masayuki and Yamazaki Ansai
		Introduction: The Calendar Reform of Shibukawa Harumi
		The Salon of Hoshina Masayuki
		History of the Chinese Calendar
		The Nihon chōreki
		Funerals and Cemeteries
		Harumi’s Criticism
		Final Considerations
Part Four Institutional Challenges
	10 Shinto in the 1660s and 1670s The Shrine Clauses of 1665 as an Expression of Domain Shinto
		The Shrine Clauses and the Control of “Faith”
		Izumo
		Hie
		Conclusion
	11 Domain Shinto and shintō-uke in Okayama-han
		Introduction: A Reappraisal of Shinto Shrines in Early Tokugawa Japan
		Initial Reforms: Destruction of Shrines
		Steps toward an Alternative Mode of Religious Certifi cation
		Buddhist Persecution in Okayama
		The Implementation of shintō-uke Certification
		Matsuoka Ichinosuke’s Role in Establishing hanryō shint ō in Okayama
		Concluding Remarks
	12 “Kami is kami, Buddha is Buddha” Religious Policies in Mito Domain in the Later Seventeenth Century
		Measures against Buddhist Temples
		Shintoization of Shrines
		Hachiman aratame: Measures Against Hachiman Shrines
		The Development of Non-Buddhist Funerals in Mito
		Conclusion
	13 Shinto Priests and the Yoshida in Izumi Province
		The Case of Ōiseki Shrine
		The Case of Ikeda Kasuga Shrine
		Benefits and Costs of Yoshida Affiliation
		Conclusion
	14 Competing Claims for the Faith and Affiliation of Shrine Priests The Shirakawa, Yoshida, and Hirata Atsutane
		Hirata Atsutane and the Shirakawa House
		Hirata Atsutane and the Yoshida House
		Conflicts over Priests Switching Affiliation in Mikawa
		Conclusion
Notes
References
Contributors
Index