Relational Analytics: Guidelines for Analysis and Action

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedications
Table of Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: From People Analytics to Relational Analytics
	The People Analytics Revolution
	Limitations of People Analytics
	How Well Do Relational Analytics Address Current Limitations of People Analytics?
	Relational Analytics as the New Frontier
	Social Networks and Social Capital as Two Approaches to Relational Analytics
	Relational Coordination as a Third Approach to Relational Analytics
	Commonalities with Social Networks and Social Capital
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 2: The Theory of Relational Coordination
	What is Relational Coordination?
	Overview of Relational Coordination Theory
		Coordination Based on Roles
		Specific Dimensions of Communication and Relationships
	Communication Dimensions of Relational Coordination
		Frequent Communication
		Timely Communication
		Accurate Communication
		Problem-Solving Communication
	Relationship Dimensions of Relational Coordination
		Shared Goals
		Shared Knowledge
		Mutual Respect
	Mutually Reinforcing Cycles of Communicating and Relating
	How Relational Coordination Drives Quality and Efficiency Outcomes
	How Relational Coordination Supports Client Engagement
	How Relational Coordination Drives Worker Well-Being
	How Relational Coordination Drives Learning and Innovation
	When Relational Coordination Matters Most—Contingency Effects
		Task Interdependence
		Uncertainty
		Time Constraints
	Expanding Relational Coordination to Include More of the Relevant Stakeholders
		Coordinating with “Invisible Workers”
		Coordinating with Your Customers
		Coordinating with Others in Your Supply Network or Ecosystem
	How Organizational Structures Support Relational Coordination—or Not
	The Relational Model of Organizational Change
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 3: Evidence About the Outcomes and Predictors of Relational Coordination
	Methods for This Systematic Review
	Descriptive Data
	Findings About the Outcomes of Relational Coordination
	Quality Outcomes
	Efficiency Outcomes
	Worker Outcomes
	Learning and Innovation
	Findings About Predictors of Relational Coordination
	Selection and Training for Teamwork
	Relational Job Design
	Relational Leadership Roles
	Boundary Spanner Roles
	Shared Accountability and Rewards
	Conflict Resolution
	Shared Meetings
	Shared Space
	Shared Protocols and Routines
	Shared Information Systems
	Relational and Work Process Interventions
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 4: Choosing a Research/Evaluation Design to Answer Your Questions
	What is Research/Evaluation Design?
		Research vs. Evaluation Design
	How to Strengthen Your Research Design
		Assignment
		Comparison Groups
		Measurement
		Intervention
	Examples of Research Designs Investigating Relational Coordination
		Takeaway Lessons for Research Design
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 5: Measuring Relational Coordination
	Why the Network Approach to Measuring Relational Coordination?
	Survey Items
	Who to Survey, About Whom, and About What
	Including the “Not Applicable” (NA) Response Option—Or Not?
	Systematic Approaches for Determining Which Ties are Relevant or “Applicable”
	Unit of Observation and Unit of Analysis
	Measuring Coordination Around a Focal Work Process or an Individual Client?
	Measuring Relational Coordination Among Individuals
	Including Both Core and Noncore Roles in Your Survey
	Administering the Survey
		Sampling Participants
		In Person, by Mail, and Online Options
	Measuring Relational Coordination with Leaders—Relational Leadership
	Measuring Relational Coordination with Clients—Relational Coproduction
	Measuring Relational Coordination in a Multistage or Cross-Organizational Work Process
	Other Innovations in the Measurement of Relational Coordination
		Accurate Communication Added as the Seventh Dimension
		Frequent Communication Question and Response Options Changed
		Short-form Survey Created
		New Language Options Added
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 6: Constructing Relational Coordination Variables
	Constructing the Seven Dimensions of Relational Coordination
	Using Factor Analysis and Cronbach’s Alpha to Assess Construct Validity
		Principles of Factor Analysis
	When to Use Exploratory or Confirmatory Factor Analysis
		Assessing Relational Coordination through Exploratory or Confirmatory Factor Analysis
	Creating the Relational Coordination Index or the Communication and Relationships Subindices
	Computing Relational Coordination Within and Between Roles
		Computing Relational Coordination Between Particular Roles
	Accounting for Missing Values Using Proportional Weighting
		Custom Weighting Note
		Continuous Versus Nominal Reporting of the RC Index
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 7: Visualizing and Analyzing Relational Coordination Data with Matrices and Networks
	Principles of Social Network Analysis
	Matrix Diagrams
	Blockmodeling Using Matrix Diagrams
	Network Visualization Analysis
	Manipulation
		Alternative Views of the Same Relational Coordination Network
	Layout
		Layout Options for Relational Coordination Data
	Other Attributes—Color, Shape and Size
	Network Metrics—Density, Centrality, Betweenness, Cohesion and Ranking
		Density
		Centrality and Betweenness
		Cohesion
		Ranking
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 8: Measuring the Organizational Structures That Shape Relational Coordination
	The Organizational Structures Assessment Tool (OSAT)
	Customizing the OSAT Interview Questions
	Conducting Systematic Interviews
	Coding Your OSAT Interview Data
	Creating Variables for Each Organizational Structure and an Index for All Structures
	Analyzing and Reporting Results from the OSAT for Practitioners
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 9: Analyzing the Outcomes and Predictors of Relational Coordination
	Testing for Differences between Sites, Groups, Organizations, and More
	Analyzing Predictors of Relational Coordination
	Analyzing Outcomes of Relational Coordination
	Analyzing Mediation
	Analyzing Moderation
	Analyzing the Dynamic Relational Model of Organizational Change
	Analyzing Changes in Relational Coordination Over Time, Pre- and Postintervention
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 10: Leveraging Relational Analytics to Create Positive Change
	Stage 1: Explore the Context and Introduce Relational Coordination
	Stage 2: Create a Multi-Stakeholder Change Team
	Stage 3: Measure Relational Coordination, Structures, and Outcomes
	Stage 4: Reflect on Findings and Engage in Sensemaking
	Sharing Relational Data with Participants
	Stage 5: Design and Implement Interventions
		Relational Interventions
		Work Process Interventions
		Structural Interventions
	Stage 6: Assess Impact and Refine Interventions As Needed
	Summing Up
	References
Chapter 11: Moving Forward with Research and Action
	What We’ve Tried To Do In This Book
	New Frontiers
	Variable Effects of Boundary Spanners on Relational Coordination
	Conflict Resolution and Shared Spaces Need More Attention
	From Information Technology to Artificial Intelligence
	Impact of Diversity on Relational Coordination
	Noncore Roles and Relational Coordination
	Distributional Consequences of Relational Coordination
	Interventional Uses of Relational Analytics
	Micro Mechanisms for Developing Relational Coordination
	Inviting You to Be the Change
	References
Index