Recent Trends in Product Design and Intelligent Manufacturing Systems: Select Proceedings of IPDIMS 2021

Preface
Reviewers
Contents
About the Editors
Product Design: Ergonomics and Human Factors
Analysis of Secondary Tasks Performed and Psychosocial Factors of Railway Loco Pilots
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Demographic Profile
		3.2 Psychosocial Factors Affecting Loco Pilots
		3.3 Secondary Tasks Affecting Loco Pilots
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Instructions for the Preparation Intervention of Shoulder Load Carrier for Porters Working in Vegetable Mandi of Jabalpur
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Field Study
		2.2 Body Discomfort Study
		2.3 Potential Risk Factors
		2.4 Design and Selection of Shoulder Load Carrier Concept from Participatory Approach
		2.5 Development of the Final Concept
		2.6 Evaluation of the Concept
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Body Discomfort Associated with Shoulder Loading in Conventional Method
		3.2 Potential Risk Factors
		3.3 Design and Selection of Shoulder Load Manager
		3.4 Development of Final Concept
		3.5 Concept Selection and Evaluation of Final Concept
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design Intervention in the Manually Push Cart Used for Carrying the Vegetables in Hyderabad
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)
		2.2 Posture Analysis
		2.3 Questionnaire
		2.4 Interview
		2.5 Observation
	3 Results
		3.1 Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA)
		3.2 Posture Analysis
		3.3 Questionnaire
		3.4 Interview
		3.5 Observation
	4 Design Methodology
		4.1 Conceptual Design
		4.2 Detail Design
		4.3 Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
		4.4 Rough Prototype
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Critical Posture Analysis During the Handling of Water Barrel with and Without Exoskeleton
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA)
		2.2 Manual Handling Assessment Chart Tool (MAC Tool)
		2.3 Design of Exoskeleton
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Rapid Entire Body Assessment
		3.2 Manual Handling Assessment Chart
		3.3 The Development Recommendations
		3.4 The Development Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Graphical User Interface (GUI) System for a Stationary Trainer Used in Lower Limb Rehabilitation
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling of the Simulator
	3 GUI Interactive Simulator
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Identify and Understand the Physical Characteristics that Responsible for the Masculine Nature of a Car
	1 Introduction
	2 Aim and Methodology
	3 Data Collection
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	Appendix 1
	Appendix 2
	Appendix 3
	References
A Study on Musculoskeletal Disorders in Elderly Female Farmers in the Village Baruva, Srikakulam District of Andhra Pradesh
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Sample Selection
		2.2 Postural and Body Discomfort Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Demographic Study
		3.2 Postural Data Analysis
		3.3 Questionnaire Study
		3.4 Work Condition and Injuries
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Ergonomic Risk Assessment Among the Welders Working in Darbhanga District of Bihar
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Result
		3.1 Data Study
		3.2 Postural Analysis
		3.3 Body Pain Discomfort
		3.4 Health Issues
		3.5 Accident Reports
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Identification of Postural Load on Sculptors of Sculpting Industry of India
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Tribological Behavior of Co–Cr–Mo Alloy on Ultra High Molecular Polyethylene With and Without Third Body Particles Used in Hip Implant Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Experimental Details
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	5 Future Scope
	References
Product Design: Design for Cost, Reliability and Sustainability
Bio-inspired Design of Octafilar, Hexafilar and Quadrifilar Helical Springs
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Structural Analysis
		2.2 Modal Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of Seed Drill Attachment to Tractor-Drawn Cultivator
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problems Identified
		1.2 Objective of the Project
	2 Seed Drill
		2.1 Peanut
		2.2 Hand Sowing
		2.3 Seed Drill Usage in India
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Design Considerations
		3.2 Design of Components
		3.3 Conceptual Design of the Seed Drill
	4 Experimental Calculations and Observations
		4.1 Calculation of Area Covered by Seed Drill for 100 Revolutions
		4.2 Fabricated Seed Drill Attachment
		4.3 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Product Design Intervention in Household Water Consumption Through Circular Economy
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Type of Household Wastewater
		1.2 Household Water Consumption and Usage Habit
		1.3 The Role of Design in Circularity
	2 Methodology
	3 Result
		3.1 Direct Observation
		3.2 Interview and Questionnaire
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Design Case Study of Mop
		4.2 Design Case Study of Multifunctional Product
		4.3 Concept Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Analysis for Roof Rack Crossbar Wind Noise Prediction and Minimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Governing Equations for Fluid Flow Simulations
		2.2 Governing Equations for Noise Prediction Simulations
		2.3 Numerical Solution Technique to Resolve Boundary Layer
	3 Numerical Results
		3.1 Validation Case: Three-Dimensional Circular Cylinder
		3.2 Single Crossbar
		3.3 Wind Noise Minimization
	4 Conclusion
	References
Development of Close Celled Cenosphere Based Polymer Syntactic Foams
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design of Snake Robot with 28015 PING Ultrasonic Distance Sensor and Arduino
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Methodology
	3 Communication Flow
	4 Conclusions
	References
Arduino-Based Unmanned Vehicle to Provide Assistance Under Emergency Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Hardware Description
	4 UAV Aided Communication
	5 Methodology
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Lifecycle Assessment of Handicrafts Products: The Case Study of Bamboo and Aluminium Lamps
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Need of LCA in Handicrafts Sector
		1.2 Environmental Sustainability and LCA
	2 Methodology
	3 Aluminium Decorative Lamp
	4 Bamboo Decorative Lamp
	5 Life Cycle Assessment Results
	6 Limitations in Calculating LCA Data from IdematLightLCA
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	References
Concept Design of Amphibious Military Patrolling Vehicle
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Scenario Research
	2 Changes in the Technology of Amphibious Vehicles
	3 Amphibious Military Patrolling Vehicle
	4 Design Constraints of Defense Vehicles
	5 Advancements in Design of Defense Vehicles
	6 Design Concept—Amphibious Military Patrolling Vehicle
		6.1 Brief
		6.2 Scenario
		6.3 Features
		6.4 Design Concept
	7 Exterior Development
	8 Interior Development
	9 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Planned Obsolescence: A Bibliometric Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Bibliometric Analysis
		2.2 Annual Growth of Research in Planned Obsolescence
		2.3 Leading Productive Authors
		2.4 Leading Highly Cited Authors
		2.5 Leading Journals
		2.6 Leading Countries
		2.7 Most Used Keywords
	3 Conclusions
	References
A Sustainable Approach Toward Tangible Interactive Setup for Improving the Learning Experience of Primary School’s Children in Rural India
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Literature on Rural School Education
		2.2 Literature on Tangible Interactions for Children
		2.3 Literature on Outdoor Learning Experiences
		2.4 Social Perspective of Technology in Education
		2.5 Sustainable Technology and Accessibility
		2.6 Literature Review Conclusion
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
	4 Insights and Inferences
		4.1 Students
		4.2 Teachers
		4.3 Block Offices and NGOs
		4.4 Inference
	5 Ideation
		5.1 Design Principle
	6 Final Concept and Prototype
		6.1 Prototype
	7 Conclusion
	8 Future Scope
	References
A Solution Toward Providing a Faster Means of Ambulance Service Through Multimedia Design Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Process and Method
		2.1 Pragmatic Approach
	3 Outcome of the Study: Ambulance Design and Development
		3.1 Necessary Road Modifications
		3.2 Concept Art and 3D Renders
		3.3 Frame Construction and Working of Dual Mode of Operation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Droplet Distribution Effected by Multi-Rotor Flight Parameters
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Multi-Rotor Parameters
		2.2 Experimental Method
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Droplet Deposition
		3.2 Statistic Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Analysis of Electro-pneumatic Hybrid Vehicle with ANSYS
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Construction (Key Components) of the Vehicle
		3.1 Modified IC Engine
		3.2 Modified CAM
		3.3 Motor with Electric Power
		3.4 Battery
		3.5 Controller of Motor
	4 Working Principle of the Vehicle
	5 Design Calculation and Analysis
	6 Results and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Generic Classification and Automatic Extraction of Mechanical Interlocking Features from CAD Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Representation of MIFs
		2.2 Extraction of MIFs
	3 Mechanical Interlocking Features
		3.1 Terminology
		3.2 Classification of Joint Surfaces
		3.3 Interlocking Feature
		3.4 Classification of MIFs
	4 Extraction of MIFs
	5 Results of Implementation and its Details
		5.1 Discussions
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Design and Fabrication of Vehicle Rollover Prevention by Counter Steering Mechanism
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Arduino UNO
	2 Design and Fabrication
		2.1 Design Process
		2.2 Fabrication Process
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation Towards Enhancement of Catalytic Converter by Modifying the Elements of Honeycomb Section
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Advantages of Catalytic Converter
	2 Review of Literatures
	3 Objective
	4 Experimental Setup
		4.1 Designing of Catalytic Converter
		4.2 Material Selection
		4.3 Material Selection
		4.4 Substrate of Wire Mesh—Treatment
	5 Nanocatalysts
		5.1 Titanium Dioxide, Calcium Oxide, Copper Oxide
		5.2 SEM Test of TiO2, CaO, CuO
	6 Result and Discussion
		6.1 NDIR Analyzer and Exhaust Gas Analyzer
		6.2 Study of NOx, CO, and HC Emission
		6.3 Smoke Analysis
		6.4 Speed Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
Analyzing Wear Resistance Characteristics of Al 5052/Al2O3/Gr Stir Cast Hybrid Composite
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Selection
	3 Experimental Work
		3.1 Composite Composition
		3.2 Hybrid Composites Fabrication in Stir Casting
		3.3 Wear Test Machine and Specimens
		3.4 Wear Test
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Microstructure
		4.2 ANOVA for Wear Rate and Frictional Force
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analytical Hierarchy Process Strategy for Assessment of Overall Equipment Effectiveness
	1 Introduction
	2 The Purpose of This Study
	3 Overall Equipment Effectiveness
	4 Assessing OEE When Performance Metrics Contain Different Weights
		4.1 Estimating Relative Weights Using AHP Methodology
		4.2 Pairwise Comparison Matrix
		4.3 Formulation
		4.4 Weighted OEE Calculation Algorithm
	5 Collection of Data
		5.1 Rating of Performance Factors Through Questionnaire
	6 Analysis of Data Collected
		6.1 Estimating the Overall Equipment Effectiveness
	7 Conclusion
	References
Plant Layout Improvement Using CRAFT: A Case of Food Packaging Unit
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Selection of an Industry and Data Collection
		2.2 Types of Layout Identified
		2.3 CRAFT Algorithm Implementation
	3 Calculation and Results
		3.1 Data Analysis
		3.2 Calculation of Existing Layout
		3.3 Calculation to Propose a New Layout
	4 Conclusion
	References
Finite Element Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Gas Turbine Blade
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	5 Future Scope
	References
Static and Fluid Analysis of a Marine Propeller
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Geometry Definitions
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Theoretical Calculations
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analytical Estimation of Power for a Fabricated Power Generating Train Using Rack and Pinion Mechanism
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Design of the Model
		2.2 Assembly Process
	3 Experimental Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
OEE in Sustainable Can-Making Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Key Indicators of OEE
		2.2 Overall Equipment Effectiveness
		2.3 Improving Sustainable Manufacturing
	3 Can-Making System Description
		3.1 Droplet Deposition
	4 Methodology
	5 Data Analysis and Findings
	6 Achieving Sustainability
	7 Conclusions
	References
Product Design: Materials Innovation in Product Design
Preparation and Characterization of Eggshell Particulate Pellet: As a Future Prospect for Wastewater Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Method
		2.1 Raw Materials
		2.2 Eggshell Nanoparticle Synthesis
		2.3 Preparations of Eggshell Pellet
		2.4 Characterization of Pellet
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Microstructural Assessment of Eggshell Nanoparticulate Pellet
		3.2 Adsorption Test
		3.3 TDS Concentration and pH
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance of Automobile Engine Radiator by Using Nanofluids on Variable Compression Diesel Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 Air Fuel Ratio Graphs
		3.2 BSFC Versus BP at Different Compression Ratios
	4 Conclusion
	5 Future Scope of Work
	References
Comparative Performance Analysis of R134a/CuO and R134a/SiO2 Nanorefrigerant-Based Refrigeration System
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
		2.1 Nanoparticles Structural Analysis
		2.2 Structural Characterization
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Coefficient of Performance
		3.2 Power Consumption
		3.3 Cooling Speed
	4 Conclusions
	References
An Experimental Study on Plaster of Paris Composite Reinforced with Multi-form Rice Husk for Thermal Insulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Sample Preparations
		2.3 Experimental Set-Up
		2.4 Thermal Conductivity Evaluation
		2.5 Strength Evaluation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
An Analysis of the Behavior of Peepal Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites for Tensile, Flexural and Impact Strengths
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Methodology
		2.3 Fabrication of Specimens
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Preparation of Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) from Cajanus cajan (Pigeon Pea) and Acacia arabica (Babul Plant)
	1 Introduction
	2 The Materials of Fiber and Methods Followed
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Extraction of Cellulose Fibers
		2.3 Acid Hydrolysis
		2.4 Chemical Composition Estimation
		2.5 Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis
		2.6 Crystallinity Measurement
		2.7 Thermogravimetric Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Chemical Composition Estimation
		3.2 Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis
		3.3 Crystallinity Measurement
		3.4 Thermogravimetric Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Investigation and Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Al-Fly Ash
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Fabrication
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Fabrication and Testing
		2.3 Factorial Design Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Tensile Strength Test
		3.2 Hardness Test
		3.3 Wear Test
		3.4 Factorial Design
		3.5 Main Effect Plots and Interaction Plots
		3.6 Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Investigation on Wear Characteristics of a PLA-14% Bronze Composite Filament
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Wear Set-Up Description
		2.2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Grey Relational Analysis (GRA)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Tribological Properties of Metal Particulate Reinforced Polymeric Functionally Graded Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimentation
		2.1 Raw Materials
		2.2 Fabrication of Samples
		2.3 Tribological Testing
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Comparative Study on Microhardness of the Electroless ZnO and SiC Reinforced Ni–P Coatings
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Application of Process Capability and Design of Experiments to Improve Quality Parameters
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Methodology Adopted
		1.2 Define
		1.3 Measure
		1.4 Analyze
		1.5 ANOVA
		1.6 Improve
		1.7 Control
	2 Data Collection
		2.1 Injection Pressure (in bar)
		2.2 Nozzle Temperature (in °C)
		2.3 Injection Speed (in mm/s)
		2.4 Cooling Time (in Seconds)
		2.5 Holding Pressure (in bar)
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Finite Life of Low-Carbon Steel Cylindrical Notched Specimens
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Novelty of the Work
	2 Experimental Study
		2.1 Fabrication of Tension-Impact Fatigue Testing Machine Comprises of the Following Steps
		2.2 Selection of Material and Properties of the Test Specimen
		2.3 Development of Burnishing Tool
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Computational Analysis of the Specimen
	4 Conclusions
	References
Mechanical and Tribological Study of Bioactive Borosilicate Glass Fabricated Partially from Natural Waste
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Extraction of Calcium Oxide from Egg Shells
		2.3 Extraction of Silica from Rice Husk
		2.4 Fabrication of Borosilicate Glass
		2.5 Mechanical Studies
		2.6 Tribological Studies
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Mechanical Studies
		3.2 Tribological Studies
	4 Conclusions
	References
Computer Aided Analysis of Involute Gear Tooth for Minimization of Bending Stress
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Geometric Modelling and Analysis of Gear Tooth
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Review on Fabrication, Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour of Polymer Functional Graded Material
	1 Introduction
	2 The Concept of Functionally Graded Composite Materials
	3 Fabrication Techniques of Polymer-Based FGMs
	4 Mechanical and Tribological Behaviour
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of an Emission and Performance Characteristics of Single Cylinder 4 Stroke VCR Engine by Using Palm Biodiesel Blends and Comparison at the Compression Ratio 18:1
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Methodology
		2.2 Experimental Setup
		2.3 Pollutant Metering System
	3 Analysis of Experimental Outcomes
		3.1 Discussion of Results Pertaining to Engine Operation
		3.2 Emission Characteristics
	4 Conclusions
	References
Product Design: UI/UX
Designing an Experience for Conducting Online Exams, Evaluation, and Feedback
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Empathize
		3.2 Define
		3.3 Ideate and Prototype
		3.4 Testing
		3.5 High-Fidelity Prototyping
	4 Conclusion
	5 Discussion
	References
Clubhouse—A UX/UI Case Study on the Audio Social App
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Question
	4 Research and Methodology
		4.1 SWOT Analysis
		4.2 Dichotomous Survey Questionnaire
	5 Results
		5.1 Demographic Characteristics
		5.2 Dichotomous Survey
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Learning Environment to Create Empathy and Learning Outcomes Among Design Students
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Comparison of Teaching in Face to Face, Online and HBO Modes
		1.2 Why Empathy-Based Teaching Pedagogy?
	2 Aim and Objectives
	3 Methods
		3.1 Development of Empathy-Based Pedagogy for Teaching Design Students
		3.2 Conditions of Empathy Treatment (Online vs. HBO)
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Teacher–Student Interaction (Attendance and Participation)
		4.2 Student Satisfaction
		4.3 What Kind of Empathy Is Involved?
	5 Conclusions
	References
Strategizing Total User Experience Design for Better Business Outcome
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Concept of Total User Experience (TUX)
	4 UX Strategies and Human Factors
	5 Good UX Strategy Means Good Business
	6 UX Strategy-Based Business (UXSBB) Framework
	7 Conclusions
	References
Predictive and Behavioral Analytics for Big Data Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Proposed Work
		3.1 Different Types Data
		3.2 Characteristics of Big Data
		3.3 Traditional Data in Their Entity
	4 Big Data Analytics
		4.1 Analytics for Prediction
		4.2 Social Analytical Media (Social Media Analytics)
	5 Opportunities and Difficulties in Big Data Analytics
		5.1 Efficacy in Relation to Time
		5.2 Difficulties with Huge Amount of Data
	6 Conclusion
	References
IoT and Machine Learning for Traffic Monitoring, Headlight Automation, and Self-parking: Application of AI in Transportation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work and Research Gap Identification
	3 Application of AI in Smart Parking and Traffic Monitoring
		3.1 Artificial in Traffic Monitoring
		3.2 Machine Learning in Self-Parking System in Cars
	4 Proposed Conceptual Model for Machine Learning and IoT in Automatic Smart Headlight System
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Classifier Performance
	6 Conclusions and Future Scope
	References
Intelligent Manufacturing Systems: Advanced Manufacturing Processes
Speckle Image-Based Surface Roughness Parameter Characterization of Milled Surfaces
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Image-Based Surface Roughness Measurement
		1.2 Speckle Image Based Surface Roughness Measurement
		1.3 Wavelet Transform and Surface Texture
	2 Specimen Preparation and Surface Roughness Measurement
	3 Image Acquisition and Analysis
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Mechanical Vibrations on Impact Strength of 1018 Mild Steel Butt-Weld-Joints
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Structure
		2.1 Methodology
		2.2 Chemical Composition
		2.3 Vibratory Welding Equipment Setup
		2.4 Preparation of Weld Joint Specimens
		2.5 Vibratory Welding Parameters
		2.6 Impact Test
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Microstructure Analysis of Mild Steel 1018 Specimens
	5 Conclusion
	References
DEMATEL Approach to Prioritizing the Critical Factors of PAT Affecting Manufacturing System
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objective of the Research
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Methodology
		3.1 Questionnaire Design
		3.2 DEMATEL Approach
	4 Analysis and Discussion
	5 Conclusions, Limitations and Future Scopes
	References
Deep-Drilling of SS-316L on Orbital EDM with Copper Electrode Tube
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimentation
		2.1 Selection and Purchasing of Materials
		2.2 Sample Preparation
		2.3 Machining Parameters Selection
		2.4 Microstructure and Hole Geometry Examination
	3 Discussion and Conclusions
		3.1 Process Parameters Effect on EWR.
		3.2 Process Parameters Effect on MRR.
	4 Conclusions
	References
Parametric Optimization of Nanopowder Blended Electrical Spark Machining AISI D3 DIE Steel Employing Grey Relational Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment Set-Up and Method
		2.1 Machine
		2.2 Workpiece, Electrode and Powder Material
		2.3 Parameters and Experiment Plan
	3 Machining Performance Assessment
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Grey Relational Technique
		4.2 Decision Matrix Formation
		4.3 Data Pre-processing
		4.4 Grey Relational Coefficient Calculation
		4.5 Grey Relational Grade Calculation
		4.6 Affirmation Test
	5 Conclusions
	References
Study the Influences of Various Input Variables on Material Removal Rate During μEDM Machining of Super Alloy Material
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Research Gap
	3 Experimental Details
		3.1 Selection of Work Piece Material
		3.2 Selection of Tool Material
		3.3 RSM-Based Experimental Planning
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Measurement of Material Removal Rate (MRR)
		4.2 Analysis Variance (ANOVA)
		4.3 Effect of Input Variables on Material Removal Rate
	5 Conclusions
	References
Artificial Neural Network Model for the Evaluation of Tensile Strength of Vibratory-Assisted TIG Welded Aluminium Weldments
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimentation
	3 Artificial Neural Network
		3.1 ANN Training Process
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Process Parameters Optimization in Drilling Using Taguchi Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
	3 Experimental Procedure
	4 Result Investigation and ANOVA Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Modeling of Inkjet-Based Micro-additive Manufacturing Process Performance Using Deep Learning Algorithms
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
	3 Proposed Methodology
		3.1 Second-Order Regression Analysis
	4 Simulation Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Additive Manufacturing Techniques in Fabrication of Soft Robotic Sensors and Actuators: A Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Soft Actuators and Sensors
		2.1 Soft Actuators
		2.2 Sensors
	3 Major Contribution of AM for Manufacturing Actuators and Sensors in Soft Robotics
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fabricating Micro-Holes Through Micro-EDM Process and Their Circularity Testing
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Mechanism of Micro-EDM
		2.2 Materials and Machining Environment
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Morphological Characterization Through FESEM
		3.2 EDX Analysis of Fabricated Microholes
	4 Conclusions
	References
An Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy-Based Methodology for Prediction of Surface Roughness in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy-Based Methodology
		2.1 Fuzzy and Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy System
		2.2 Supervised Learning of the Proposed System
	3 Simulation Results and Discussions
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Analysis of Productivity and Surface Characteristics of A356-TiB2 Nanocomposites in EDM
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimentation
		2.1 Electric Discharge Machining of Composites
	3 Result and Discussions
		3.1 Material Removal Rate
		3.2 Analysis of Surface Roughness
		3.3 Surface Morphology of A356-TiB2 Nanocomposite Material
	4 Conclusions
	References
Interlaminar Shear Strength of 3D Printed PLA Material
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Experiment
		2.1 Printing Material
		2.2 3D Printing Machine
		2.3 Dimensions of Specimen
		2.4 Design and Printing of Specimens
		2.5 Printing Types of Specimens
		2.6 Testing of Specimens
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Intelligent Manufacturing Systems: Optimization of Process parameters
Firefly Algorithm Established Economic Load Dispatch with Loss Coefficients
	1 Introduction
	2 ELD Problem Structure
		2.1 Cost Minimization
		2.2 Constraints
		2.3 Test System
	3 Firefly Optimization Algorithm
	4 Simulation Results
		4.1 Case Study-1: Six Thermal Unit System by Neglecting Losses
		4.2 Case Study-2: Six Thermal Unit System by Considering Losses
		4.3 Comparison of Fuel Cost for Dissimilar Methods for IEEE-30 Bus System by ignoring Losses
		4.4 Comparison of Fuel Cost for Diverse Methods for IEEE-30 Bus System by Considering Losses
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Application of TOPSIS Method for Optimization of Machining Parameters During Hard Turning of H13 Tool Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedures
	3 The TOPSIS Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Topsis
		4.2 The ANOVA and Interaction
		4.3 The Validation Study
	5 Conclusions
	References
Optimization of Process Parameters for Tribological Behaviour of AA7075+WC Metal Matrix Composite Using ANOVA
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Materials Required
		2.2 Metal Matrix Composite Preparation
		2.3 Wear Behaviour
		2.4 Design of Experiments
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Results of Experiment Statistical Analysis
		3.2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Wear Test
		3.3 Conformation Test
	4 Conclusions
	References
Experimentation for a Better Magnetic Force Microscopy Probe
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Different Modes of AFM
		1.2 Working Principle
		1.3 Sputtering
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Selection of Material
		2.2 Thin Film Deposition
		2.3 Coating of AFM Tip
	3 Results
		3.1 Comparison of Scan Done by MFM
	4 Conclusion
	References
Multi-objective Design Optimization of EV Battery Tray
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Pareto Front
		2.2 Multi-objective Optimization Algorithm
	3 Results
		3.1 Problem
		3.2 Pareto Front Exploration
	4 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of Cathodic Protection Design for Oil and Gas System
	1 Introduction
	2 Electrolytic Process
		2.1 Cathode
		2.2 Electrolyte
		2.3 Anodes
		2.4 Metallic Path
		2.5 Anode/Cathode Relationship
	3 Alotau CP Site
		3.1 Reference Electrode Used Copper–Copper Sulfate (Cu/CuSO4)
		3.2 Reference Electrodes Used, Silver Chloride (Ag/AgCl)
	4 Conclusion
	References
Selection of Optimal Process Parameters for Electric Discharge Machining of 13/8 PH Steel Using Genetic Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Review of Routing Algorithms for Intelligent Route Planning and Path Optimization in Road Navigation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Classification of Path Planning
	2 Related Studies
		2.1 Challenges and Research Gap
	3 Bio-inspired Algorithm for Shortest Path
	4 Performance and Analyzing of Path Planning
	5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Crack Detection in a Cantilever Composite Beam Using Fuzzy Logic System with Regression Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Element Analysis of Composite Cantilever Beam With an Edge Crack
	3 Fuzzy Mechanism for Fault Detection
	4 Application of Regression Analysis to Construct Mamdani FLS Adaptive
	5 Result and Discussions
	6 Conclusion
	References
Intelligent Manufacturing Systems: Robotics and Automation
A Literature Review on Application of Lean Manufacturing Techniques
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Different Stages for Application of Lean Techniques
	2 Methodology Used for Analysis
	3 Literature Review
	4 Case Studies
		4.1 Just in Time
		4.2 Kaizen
		4.3 5s
		4.4 Value Stream Mapping (VSM)
		4.5 Kanban
		4.6 Waste Elimination
	5 Barriers to Lean Application
	6 Paybacks of Lean Manufacturing
	7 Conclusion
	References
Simulation of an Industrial Robot Using RobotStudio and RoKiSim
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Description of IRB 1600
	4 Kinematics
	5 Simulation
	6 Results and Discussions
	7 Conclusion
	References
Mobile Robot Path Planning Using Neuro-Sugeno-Fuzzy Gravitational Technique in a Cluttered Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Fire Bird-V Robot
	3 Neuro-Sugeno-Fuzzy Gravitational Search Algorithms
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Gravity Search Algorithm-Based Path Planning of Single Humanoid Based on the Study of Different Artificial Intelligence Techniques
	1 Introduction
	2 Different Navigational Techniques for Humanoid Navigation
		2.1 Classical Approach
		2.2 Reactive Approach
	3 Implementation of Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) Towards Path Planning
	4 Conclusion
	References
Inverse Kinematic Solution for 6-R Industrial Robot Manipulator Using Convolution Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Inverse Kinematics Analysis
	3 Data Set Generation and CNN Model
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Hybrid Algorithm Based Static Obstacle Avoidance for a Wheeled Base
	1 Introduction
	2 Hybrid Path Planning for Avoiding Static Obstacle
		2.1 PRM and Lazy PRM Algorithms
		2.2 LPA Star Algorithm
		2.3 Hybrid Algorithm for Avoiding Static Obstacles
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Path Planning Using Hybrid Algorithm
		3.2 Experimental Validation of Path Planning Algorithm for Avoiding Static Obstacles
	4 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Automated Vision Application in Industrial Defect Identification
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Literature Review
	4 Research Methodology
		4.1 Image Classification and Object Detection
		4.2 YOLOv4
		4.3 Model Training and Testing
		4.4 Camera Requirements
		4.5 System Installation
	5 Result and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Space Robotics: A Comprehensive Study of Major Challenges and Proposed Solutions
	1 Introduction
	2 Background of Existing Space Robotic Manipulators
	3 Major Challenges and Proposed Solutions
		3.1 On-Orbit Servicing
		3.2 Impedance Control
		3.3 Obstacle Avoidance
	4 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Enhancement of Magnetic Flux Density Using a Novel Electromagnets Configurations in Belt-Type Magnetorheological Finishing Setup
	1 Introduction
	2 Construction Details of a Belt-Type Magnetorheological Finishing Setup
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation to Enhance the Performance of Freezer with Phase Change Material
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Material Required for the Fabrication of Freezer
	2 Experiment Setup
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Impact of IDMA Scheme on Power Line Communication
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Historical Overview of Power Line Communication (PLC)
	2 Interleave-Division Multiple Access (IDMA) Scheme
		2.1 Transmitter and Receiver for IDMA
		2.2 The Basic ESE Function
		2.3 Algorithm for Chip-By-Chip Diagnosis in a Individual Path Channel
	3 IDMA with PLC
	4 Simulation Results of PLC with IDMA Scheme
	5 Performance of Power Line Communication with Different Interleavers
		5.1 With Uncoded Random Interleaver
		5.2 With Uncoded Tree-Based Interleaver
	6 Conclusion
	References