Race and Ethnicity in the Classical World: An Anthology of Primary Sources in Translation

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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION
	Race and Ethnicity: Modern Concepts, Ancient Texts
	Organization and Structure
	Notes on the Translations
	Maps
THEORIES
	1. Homer and Hesiod: Early Theories of Foreignness
		1. Homer, Odyssey 1.22–26
		2. Homer, Odyssey 4.77–89
		3. Homer, Odyssey 4.219–232
		4. Homer, Odyssey 7.22–36, 7.77–132
		5. Homer, Odyssey 9.105–139, 9.171–298
		6. Homer, Odyssey 10.1–19, 10.87–124
		7. Homer, Odyssey 11.119–134
		8. Homer, Odyssey 15.380–453
		9. Hesiod, Works and Days 109–181
	2. Genealogies and Origins
		1. Pindar, Olympian 9.40–46
		2. Herodotus, Histories 7.150
		3. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.2–12
		4. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.2–6
		5. Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities 1.89–90
		6. Livy, From the Founding of the City 1.1–4, 1.8–9
		7. Vergil, Aeneid 3.94–113, 3.161–171
		8. Vergil, Aeneid 12.818–840
		9. Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.76–88
		10. Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 12.225–227
		11. Tacitus, Annals 11.24.1
		12. Pausanius, Description of Greece 10.4.4
		13. [Apollodorus], The Library 1.7.2
		14. [Apollodorus], The Library 2.1.4
		15. Hyginus, Genealogies 178
	3. Environmental Theories
		1. Hippocratic Corpus, On Airs, Waters, Places 12–24
		2. Herodotus, Histories 3.12
		3. Herodotus, Histories 9.122
		4. Xenophon, Agesilaos 1.27–28
		5. Aristotle, Politics 7.5.6 (1327b)
		6. [Aristotle], Physiognomics 806b15
		7. Cicero, On Divination 2.96–97
		8. Vitruvius, On Architecture 6.1.3–5, 6.1.8–11
		9. Manilius, Astronomica 4.711–730
		10. Seneca, On Anger 2.15
		11. Pliny the Elder, Natural Histories 2.79–80
		12. Apuleius, Apology 24
		13. Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos 2.2
		14. Vegetius, On Military Matters 1.2
	4. Genetic Theories
		1. Athenian Citizenship Law of 451 BCE (from Plutarch, Life of Pericles 37.1–5)
		2. Herodotus, Histories 3.101.2
		3. Euripides, Suppliants 219–225
		4. Euripides, Ion 57–75, 260–272, 289–296, 585–594, 1295–1305, 1569–1594
		5. Euripides, Phoenician Women 818–821, 931–944
		6. Euripides, Bacchae 538–544
		7. Plato, Timaeus 18d—19a
		8. Plato, Republic 414d—415c, 459a—e
		9. Plato, Menexenus 237b—238b, 238e—239a
		10. Plato, Laws 3.692e—693a
		11. Aristotle, Politics 5.2.10–11 (1303a25–40)
		12. Aristotle, Politics 1.1.5 (1252b), 1.2.7, 1.2.12–14, 1.2.18–19 (1254a—1255a excerpted)
	5. Custom or Cultural Theories
		1. Aeschylus, Suppliants 234–294
		2. Antiphon, On Truth, Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1364 and 3647
		3. Herodotus, Histories 1.56.2–57.3
		4. Herodotus, Histories 3.16, 3.27–29, 3.38
		5. Herodotus, Histories 5.22
		6. Herodotus, Histories 8.144
		7. Euripides, Andromache 155–180
		8. Euripides, Cyclops 11–26, 113–128, 275–304, 316–346
		9. Anonymous, Dissoi Logoi 2.9–18
		10. Isocrates, Panegyric 50
		11. Demosthenes, Third Philippic 30–32
		12. Polybius, Histories 6.47
		13. Cicero, Academica Posteriora 1.9
		14. Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 12.239–241
		15. Plutarch, Life of Lycurgus 4.5, 27.3–4
		16. Plutarch, Life of Alexander 45, 47.3–4, 50.4–51.3, 71.1–3, 74.1
		17. Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Cleitophon 5.5.2
		18. Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Cleitophon 8.2.1–4
THE PEOPLES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD
	6. The Inhabited World
		1. Pindar, Olympian 3.1–41
		2. [Aeschylus], Prometheus Bound 786–815, 829–843
		3. Herodotus, Histories 4.36–45
		4. Apollonius, Argonautica 1.922–954
		5. Catullus, 11.1–16
		6. Catullus, 29
		7. Vergil, Aeneid 8.655–662, 8.685–713, 8.720–728
		8. Strabo, Geography 17.3.24
		9. Horace, Carmen Saeculare 37–60
		10. Horace, Odes 3.4.29–36, 3.8.17–24, 4.14.41–52
		11. Pomponius Mela, Description of the World 1.3–8, 1.11–14, 1.18–19, 1.22–23
		12. Propertius, Elegies 3.11
		13. Pliny, Natural History 7.6, 7.9–32
		14. Martial, Epigrams 7.30
		15. [Apollodorus], The Library 2.5.11
		16. [Apollodorus], The Library 3.5.1–3
		17. Ptolemy, Tetrabiblos 2.3.59–72
	7. Africa: Egypt
		1. Herodotus, Histories 2.2–5, 2.13–18, 2.28, 2.30–32, 2.35–42, 2.46–48
		2. Plato, Timaeus 21e—24d
		3. Plato, Laws 2.656d—657a
		4. Strabo, Geography 17.1.3, 17.1.19, 17.1.39–40, 17.1.44, 17.1.52–53, 17.2.5
		5. Pomponius Mela, Description of the World 1.57–59
		6. Horace, Odes 1.37
		7. Lucan, Civil War 10.20–135, 10.172–331
		8. Juvenal, Satire 15.1–13, 15.27–93, 15.100–131
		9. Athenaeus, Deipnosophists 7.299e—300b
		10. Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Cleitophon 4.3–5, 4.11.3–4.12, 4.18.3–19
	8. Africa: Libya, Carthage, and Numidia
		1. Herodotus, Histories 4.168–197
		2. [Aristotle], On Marvelous Things Heard 84, 100, 132
		3. Polybius, Histories 6.51–52, 6.56
		4. Sallust, War with Jugurtha 6–13, 17–19, 89–91
		5. Strabo, Geography 17.3.7, 17.3.15
		6. Pomponius Mela, Description of the World 1.41–48
		7. Livy, From the Founding of the City 21.1, 21.39–44, 22.59
		8. Lucan, Civil War 9.341–949
		9. Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Cleitophon 2.14.9–10
	9. Africa: Ethiopia and Beyond
		1. Hanno of Carthage, Periplous
		2. Herodotus, Histories 3.20, 3.22
		3. Pseudo-Scylax, Periplous 112.8–12
		4. Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History 2.55–60
		5. Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History 3.1–10
		6. Strabo, Geography 1.2.28
		7. Strabo, Geography 17.2.1–3
		8. Pomponius Mela, Description of the World 3.85–88
		9. Anonymous, Moretum 27–35
		10. Pliny, Natural History 5.43–46
		11. Pliny, Natural History 6.182–183, 6.187–195, 6.198–205
		12. Petronius, Satyricon 102.14–15
		13. Achilles Tatius, Leucippe and Cleitophon 3.25
		14. Heliodorus, Aethiopica 14.3–16.2
	10. Asia: Persia, Media, Babylon, and Parthia
		Persia
		1. Aeschylus, Persians 1–92, 176–199, 231–245, 249–271, 402–405, 535–597, 623–906
		2. Herodotus, Histories, Introduction and 1.1–5
		3. Herodotus, Histories 1.95.2–102
		4. Herodotus, Histories 1.131–140
		5. Herodotus, Histories 1.178–187
		6. Herodotus, Histories 1.192–200
		7. Aristophanes, Acharnians 61–125
		8. Isocrates, Panegyricus 150–152
		9. Xenophon, Cyropaedia 1.2.2–8, 1.3.2, 4–5, 1.3.18 excerpted
		10. Livy, From the Founding of the City 9.17.16
		11. Philostratus the Lemnian, Imagines 2.31.1–2
		12. Hyginus, Genealogies 27
		Parthians
		13. Horace, Odes 1.2.49–52, 1.19.9–12, 1.38.1–4, 2.3.13–20
		14. Ovid, Ars Amatoria 1.177–228
		15. Lucan, Civil War 8.289–308, 8.371–388
		16. CIL XI 137
		17. Plutarch, Life of Crassus 24–28, 31
	11. Asia: Judea and the Jewish Diaspora
		1. Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History 34/35.1.1–5 (Posidonius)
		2. Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History 40.3.1–8 (Hecataeus FrGH F6)
		3. Cicero, On Behalf of Flaccus 67–69
		4. Philo of Alexandria, On Special Laws 1.1.2–3
		5. Philo of Alexandria, On the Virtues 134–141
		6. Philo of Alexandria, Apology for the Jews (Eusebius P.E. 8.6.1–5)
		7. Philo of Alexandria, Against Flaccus 53–57
		8. Strabo, Geography 16.2.35–37
		9. Horace, Satires 1.4.138–143
		10. Petronius, Carmina 50
		11. Josephus, Jewish Antiquities 14.213–217, 14.223–227
		12. Tacitus, Histories 5.1–5, 5.8
		13. Juvenal, Satires 3.10–21
		14. Juvenal, Satires 6.542–547
		15. Juvenal, Satires 8.155–162
		16. Juvenal, Satires 14.96–106
		17. Martial, Epigrams 11.94
		18. Plutarch, On Superstition 169c8–10
		19. Plutarch, Dinner Conversations 669f—670a, 670d—f, 671c—672c
	12. Asia: Arabia
		1. Herodotus, Histories 3.107–113
		2. Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History 2.49–54
		3. Strabo, Geography 16.4.22, 16.4.25–27
		4. Pomponius Mela, Description of the World 3.75, 3.81–84
		5. Babrius, Fables 57
	13. Asia: India, China, and the Edges of the World
		1. Herodotus, Histories 3.98–105
		2. Ctesias, Indica Fragment 1 excerpted (Photius, Library 72.45a—50a)
		3. Arrian, Indica 1–17 excerpted
		4. Strabo, Geography 15.1.57–60, 15.1.62–67, 15.1.69–71
		5. Pomponius Mela, Description of the World 3.62–65
		6. Pliny, Natural History 20.54–55, 24.84–91
		7. Plutarch, Life of Alexander 60, 62–65
		8. Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 2.18
		9. Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 3.6–9
		10. Philostratus, Life of Apollonius of Tyana 3.20
	14. Europe: The Black Sea Region
		1. Herodotus, Histories 1.215–216
		2. Herodotus, Histories 4.2–3, 4.5–12, 4.17–27, 4.46, 4.59–76, 4.78–80, 4.93–96, 4.102–107
		3. Herodotus, Histories 4.110–117
		4. Herodotus, Histories 5.3–9
		5. Euripides, Medea 1–8, 29–35, 223, 253–58, 534–41, 1323–1343
		6. Euripides, Iphigenia among the Taurians 28–41, 179–185, 392–421, 1153–1175
		7. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.96–97
		8. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.27, 7.29 excerpted
		9. Apollonius, Argonautica 2.317–406, 2.411–418, 2.962–1029
		10. Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History 2.44–47
		11. Ovid, Heroides 12.7–10, 12.21–28, 12.101–112, 12.121–124
		12. Ovid, Tristia 5.7.1–24, 47–68
		13. Seneca, Medea 42–54, 116–134, 203–216, 301–379, 397–414, 483–489, 670–739
		14. Pliny, Natural History 4.89–91
	15. Europe: Gaul, Germany, and Britain
		1. Polybius, The Histories 2.17.3–12
		2. Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History 5.27–32
		3. Caesar, Bellum Gallicum 1.1
		4. Caesar, Bellum Gallicum 4.1–9, 4.13–15, 4.18–19
		5. Caesar, Bellum Gallicum 5.12–14
		6. Caesar, Bellum Gallicum 6.11–24
		7. Livy, From the Founding of the City 5.34–36, 5.38–39, 5.41, 5.48
		8. Livy, From the Founding of the City 23.24.6–13 3629.
		9. Pomponius Mela, Description of the World 3.18–19
		10. Velleius Paterculus, History of Rome 2.118.1
		11. Pliny, Natural History 16.249
		12. Pliny, Natural History 24.103–104
		13. Pliny, Natural History 29.52
		14. Pliny, Natural History 30.13
		15. Tacitus, Agricola 11–12, 15–16, 27, 37 excerpted
		16. Tacitus, Germania 1–9, 15–22, 27–46
		17. Tacitus, Annals 14.30
		18. Plutarch, Life of Marius 11, 15–16, 18–20, 23, 25–27 excerpted
		19. Athenaeus, Deipnosophists 6.234a—c, 6.246d, 6.249a—b
ABOUT THE SOURCES
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX
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