Public Sector Accounting, Financial Accountability and Viability in Times of Crisis (Public Sector Financial Management)

Foreword
References
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Acronyms
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: The Contribution of Public Sector Accounting and Public Financial Management During and After Times of Crisis
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 The Scope of the Book
	1.3 Methodological Approaches
	1.4 Theoretical Frameworks
	1.5 The Implications of the Book Chapters for Public Sector Accounting
		1.5.1 Public Sector Accounting in Times of Crisis
		1.5.2 Financial Accountability and Auditing in Times of Crisis
	1.6 Conclusion
	References
Part I: Public Sector Accounting in Times of Crisis
	Chapter 2: Budget Process and Budget Structure Under the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 The Context: Indonesia and the Pandemic
		2.3 Methodology
		2.4 Budget Process
			2.4.1 Preparation
			2.4.2 Approval
			2.4.3 Execution
			2.4.4 Evaluation
		2.5 Budget Structure: A Discussion
			2.5.1 Aggregate Fiscal Discipline
			2.5.2 Allocative Efficiency
		2.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 3: The Role of the Balance Sheet for Reporting Deficits and Debts by EU Member States: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 Literature Review
		3.3 Methodology
		3.4 Findings
			3.4.1 Revenues and Expenditures
			3.4.2 Assets and Liabilities
			3.4.3 Emphasizing the Balance Sheet Perspective
		3.5 Discussion and Conclusion
		Appendix
		References
	Chapter 4: Accounting for Collective Services, Individual Services, and Emergency Relief: Reconsideration in Times of a Pandemic
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Impact of COVID-19 on Government Financial Statements
			4.2.1 Overview of the Main Types of Public Programs, in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis
			4.2.2 Financial Reporting Guidance from the Standard Setters
		4.3 Previous Studies on Accounting for Emergency Relief
		4.4 ED 67: “Collective and Individual Services and Emergency Relief”
		4.5 Research Methodology
			4.5.1 Previous Studies on Comment Letters’ Analysis in the IPSASB Standard-Setting Process
			4.5.2 Research Method: Analysis of the Comment Letters Sent to ED 67
		4.6 Analysis of Comment Letters to the ED 67: Findings
			4.6.1 Respondents’ Profiles
			4.6.2 Respondents’ Support of ED 63
			4.6.3 Accounting Treatment for Emergency Relief: The Analysis of the Comment Letters
		4.7 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 5: Impact of Integrated Financial Management Information System Practices in Public Finance Management Performance During COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkey Case
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 General Structure of IFMIS
			5.2.1 IFMIS Concept and Its Implementation Process
			5.2.2 Benefits and Challenges of IFMIS Implementation
		5.3 Research Methodology
			5.3.1 Research Aim
			5.3.2 Research Design
			5.3.3 Population and Sample
			5.3.4 Data Collection Tool
			5.3.5 Data Analysis
		5.4 Findings
		5.5 Results and Recommendations
		References
Part II: Financial Accountability and Auditing in Times of Crisis
	Chapter 6: COVID-19 Business Support in the Netherlands; Governance and Accountability in Times of Turbulence
		6.1 Introduction
		6.2 An Overview of COVID-19-Related Business Support Measures
		6.3 Theoretical Lenses on Turbulence and Accountability
			6.3.1 Turbulence
			6.3.2 Accountabilities and Information Needs
		6.4 Arrangement on Wage Supplementation Due to Loss of Income (NOW)
			6.4.1 NOW1
			6.4.2 NOW2
			6.4.3 NOW3
			6.4.4 NOW4
			6.4.5 Abuse and Improper Use
			6.4.6 Impacts
		6.5 Arrangement on Fixed Cost Supplementation Due to Income Loss (TVL)
			6.5.1 TVL Q3 2020
			6.5.2 TVL Q4 2020
			6.5.3 TVL Q1 2021
			6.5.4 TVL Q2 2021 and Q3 2021
			6.5.5 Abuse and Improper Use
			6.5.6 Impacts
		6.6 Accountability
			6.6.1 Regulatory Framework on Accountability of Government to Parliament
			6.6.2 Analysis of Accountability of Government to Parliament
		6.7 Conclusion and Discussion
			6.7.1 Goals, Design and Redesign of the Business Support Arrangements
			6.7.2 Strategies to Cope with Turbulence
			6.7.3 Accountability
			6.7.4 Miscellaneous Issues
		References
			Documentary Sources
			General Government Sources
			Governmental Sources About NOW and TVL
			Media Reports, Among Others
	Chapter 7: “Stretching the Public Purse”: What Does It Mean in Terms of Government Accounting?
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Accountability
		7.3 Research Methodology
		7.4 Background Information About the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Policy Responses by the Four Governments
		7.5 Analysis of the Financial Statements
			7.5.1 Analysis of the Financial Performance
			7.5.2 Analysis of the Financial Position
			7.5.3 Analysis of the Financial Statements from an Accountability Perspective
		7.6 Discussion of the Results
		7.7 Conclusion
		Annex
		References
	Chapter 8: A Disclosure Theory Approach to Government Transparency: Implications for Accountability in Times of a Pandemic
		8.1 Introduction
		8.2 A Sketch of Disclosure Theory
		8.3 Applications: Disclosing Information on SARS-CoV-2 Mortality
		8.4 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 9: Value for Money Assessment of a Wage Supplement Scheme Aimed to Address Distress Induced by the Pandemic
		9.1 Introduction
		9.2 The Covid-19 Wage Supplement Scheme
		9.3 Operational Auditing: A Literature Review
			9.3.1 Objectives of Operational Audits
			9.3.2 Economy
			9.3.3 Efficiency
			9.3.4 Effectiveness
		9.4 Research Methodology
			9.4.1 Interviews
			9.4.2 Questionnaire
			9.4.3 Research Limitations
		9.5 Findings and Discussion
			9.5.1 Objectives, Application Process and Funding of the Wage Supplement Scheme
			9.5.2 Resources and Economy
			9.5.3 Efficiency
			9.5.4 Effectiveness
		9.6 Conclusion
		Appendix
			Part 1: Relating to Sect. 9.4 Research Methodology
			Part 2: Relating to Sect. 9.5 Findings and Discussion
				Further details underlying Figs. 9.3, 9.4 and 9.5 – concerning occupancy, labour and turnover
				Contrasting the Mean Rating Scores of the Various Efficiency Statements
				Analysing the Efficiency Statements by Hotel Stars
				Contrasting the Mean Rating Scores of the Various Effectiveness Statements
				Analysing the Effectiveness Statements by Hotel Stars
		References
	Chapter 10: The Role of Public Audit: Challenges and Opportunities for the European Court of Auditors to Contribute to a Sustainable Crisis Response
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 Methodology and Introduction to ECA as an Institution
		10.3 The Role of ECA to Ensure Accountability at EU-Level
		10.4 The Contribution of ECA to a Sustainable Recovery
			10.4.1 Expectations on ECA’s Audit Work on the EU’s Response
			10.4.2 A Large But Still Limited ECA Mandate to Audit in Times of Crises
			10.4.3 From ECA Financial and Performance Audit and Non-audit Work: What Challenges arise from the Pandemic?
			10.4.4 The Innovative Set Up of the RRF: A Challenge for Audit?
			10.4.5 Implications for Resources and Future ECA-SAI Cooperation
		10.5 Discussion and Conclusions
		References
Index