Psychology and crime

Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
List of tables
1 Introduction
	The origins of criminological psychology
	Applying psychological principles to crime
	Forensic psychology
	Aims, organisation and content of this book
2 Defining and measuring crime
	What is a crime? What is a criminal?
		The legalistic approach
		The deviance approach
	Variables associated with criminality
		Age
		Gender
		Socio-economic status
		Race and ethnicity
	Measuring crime
		Official crime statistics
		Victimisation surveys
		Offender surveys
	Trends in crime
	Victimisation
		Property crime
		Violent crime
		Intimate violence and sexual crime
		Repeat victimisation
		Effects of victimisation
	Fear of crime
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
3 Biologically oriented explanations of offending
	Biological differences between offenders and non-offenders
		Low heart rate
		Brain structure and functioning
		Brain chemistry
	Influences on the nervous system
		Genetics
			Genetic influences and evolution
		Environmental toxins: lead pollution
		Traumatic brain injury
		Adverse childhood experiences
	Biopsychology and offending: general considerations
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
4 Psychologically oriented explanations of offending
	Psychodynamic theories
		Attachment, delinquency and offending
	Eysenck’s personality theory
	Psychopathy
	Moral development
	Social cognition
		Cognitive and emotional deficits
		Moral disengagement
	Rational choice theory
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
5 Socially oriented explanations of offending
	Social learning theory
		The influence of TV, films and videogames
	Labelling and self-fulfilling prophecy
	Social identity theory
	Poverty
	Neighbourhood influences
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
6 Psychology and police investigations
	The processing of forensic evidence
	Police interviews
		The standard interview procedure
		Cognitive interviewing
		Interrogation of suspects
			False confessions
		Ethical interviewing and the PEACE model
	Offender profiling
	Types of profiling
		Crime scene analysis
		Clinical profiling
		Geographical profiling
		Investigative psychology
		Does profiling work?
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
7 Witness testimony
	Cognitive processes and witness testimony
	Weapon focus
	Contamination by post-event information
	Emotional arousal
	Child witnesses
	Identity parades (lineups)
	Facial composites
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
8 Courtroom processes
	Trial procedures
	Juries
		Jury size and composition
		Jury deliberation
	Influences on jury decisions
		Persuasion by trial lawyers
			The Yale Model
			Systematic versus heuristic processing
			Storytelling in court
		Courtroom evidence
		Pretrial publicity
		Defendant characteristics
			Attractiveness
			Gender
			Race/ethnicity
	Death penalty decisions
	Issues arising from mock jury research
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
9 Judicial responses to offending
	Imprisonment
		Does prison work?
			Retribution
			Incapacitation
			Deterrence
			Reform
		Why does prison not reform offenders?
		Effects of imprisonment
		Imprisonment: general considerations
	Non-custodial sentencing
		Fines
		Probation and community sentences
		Restorative justice
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
10 Crime prevention
	Approaches to crime prevention
	Situational crime prevention
		Improved street lighting
		Closed-circuit television
		Defensible space
	Developmental crime prevention
		School-based programmes
		Community-based programmes
		Family programmes
	Offender rehabilitation
		Anger management programmes
		Sex offender programmes
		The reasoning and rehabilitation programme
	Crime prevention: general considerations
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
11 Contemporary topics: terrorism and cybercrime
	Terrorism
		Psychological effects of terrorism
		Who becomes a terrorist?
		Explanations of terrorism
		De-radicalisation
	Cybercrime
		Measuring cybercrime
		Involvement in cybercrime
		Explanations of cybercrime
			Personality
			Social learning theory
			Routine activity theory
		Future developments
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
12 Critical perspectives: crime, gender and race
	The mainstream view
	Critical perspectives on crime
	Feminism, gender and crime
		Woman offenders
		Intimate partner violence
		Feminism: general considerations
	Critical perspectives on ethnicity, race and crime
		‘Intrinsic criminality’ and racism in criminological psychology
		Critical Race Theory
	Chapter summary
	Further reading
References
Index