Progress on Life Cycle Assessment in Textiles and Clothing

Preface
Contents
About the Editor
A Framework for Life Cycle Inventory Modeling of Chemical Substances in the Footwear and Apparel Industry
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Chemicals Used for Footwear and Apparel Production
		1.2 Safety Data Sheets and Modeling Challenge
	2 Using SDSs for LCI Modeling: A Framework
		2.1 The Use of Data Found in SDS
		2.2 How Can the Remaining Data Gaps Be Filled?
	3 Application of the Framework on a Sample Case
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion and Recommendations
	Appendix 1. Unit Process Tables for the Optimistic Scenario Based on One Liter of Chemical Packed and Distributed, as Adapted from Manuilova [18]
	References
LCA Studies on Regenerative Agriculture and Regenerative Textiles: Two Routes of Regenerative Cotton
	1 Introduction
	2 Life Cycle Assessment
	3 Life Cycle Assessment Studies in Regenerative Agriculture
	4 Life Cycle Assessment Studies in Regenerative Textiles
	5 Introduction to Cotton Fibre
	6 Possible Routes of Regenerative Cotton
		6.1 Cotton-“Recover/Recycle Route” LCA Studies
		6.2 Cotton-“Regenerative Agriculture Route” LCA Studies
	7 Regenerative Cotton Fibres
	8 Major Benefits of Conducting Life Cycle Assessment Studies
	9 Conclusions and Future Scope
	References
Life Cycle Assessment of Textile Fibres in Brazil: A Literature Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Textile Production: The Brazilian Context
	3 Textile Life Cycle
		3.1 Raw Material Production
		3.2 Manufacturing and Distribution
		3.3 Use
		3.4 End-of-Life
	4 Literature Review of LCA Studies
		4.1 Overview of Selected Studies
		4.2 Textile Chain\'s Main Environmental Impacts
	5 Gaps Found
	6 Final Remarks and Recommendations
	7 Appendix
	References
The Role of Life Cycle Assessment in Analyzing Circular Economy Strategies in the Clothing Sector: A Review
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Circular Economy (CE) for a More Sustainable Apparel Industry
		1.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to Assess the Environmental Performance of Clothing Products
		1.3 Goal of the Review
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Group One. Research Combining “LCA”, “Life Cycle Assessment”, “Clothing”, “Fashion”, and “Apparel” Keywords
		3.2 Group Two. Research Combining “Circular Economy”, “Clothing”, “Fashion”, and “Apparel” Keywords
		3.3 Group Three. Research Combining “Circular Economy and LCA”, and “Clothing”, “Fashion”, and “Apparel” Keywords
		3.4 Connections Between LCA and CE in the Clothing Sector
	4 Conclusions
	References
Life Cycle Assessment of the Renting of Leisurewear
	1 Business Model: Renting of Leisurewear
	2 Challenges of Assessing the Environmental Impacts of a Product-Service System
	3 Approach: LCA of a PSS from a Consumer Perspective
	4 Findings, Recommendations and Limitations
	5 Conclusion and Further Research
	References
The Role of Country-Specific Gate-to-Gate Ecolabels: Case Study for Sri Lankan Clothing Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Sri Lankan Clothing Industry and Its Contribution to the Economy
		2.1 Scope of the Sri Lankan Clothing Industry
	3 Ecolabeling for Clothing Industry
		3.1 Sri Lankan Context for Ecolabeling for Textile Industry
	4 Need for a Country-Specific Ecolabel
		4.1 Scope of the Ecolabeling Framework
		4.2 Methodology Applied
	5 Ecolabeling Framework Proposed for Sri Lanka
		5.1 Determining the Scope for the Ecolabel
		5.2 Identification of the Initial Criteria and Indicators for the Ecolabel
		5.3 Expert Preference Elicitation to Obtain the Relative Weights for the Criteria and Indicators
		5.4 Identification of Benchmark Values and Maximum/Minimum Achievable Targets
		5.5 Development of the Final Framework for the Ecolabel
		5.6 Validation of the Framework
	6 Final Remarks
	References
Recent Progress on Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment in Textile Industry: Applications for Environmental, Economic, and Social Impacts of Cotton and Its Derivatives
	1 Introduction
	2 Textile Industry and Cotton as a Raw Material: An Overview
	3 Progress of Sustainability Development
	4 Sustainability Assessment Methods with Life Cycle Thinking
		4.1 Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment
	5 Environmental Pillar of Cotton Textile with LCA
		5.1 Methodological Analysis
		5.2 Content Analysis
	6 Economic Pillar with LCC
	7 Social Pillar of Cotton Textile with S-LCA
	8 Present and Future of Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment in the Textile Industry
	References
The Environmental Impact of Textiles and Clothing: A Regional and a Country Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview: The Clothing Textile Industry in Spain and Catalonia
		2.1 Fibres Production
		2.2 Yarns Manufacturing
		2.3 Fabric Manufacturing
		2.4 Apparel Manufacturing
		2.5 Post-consumer Textile
	3 Materials and Methods
		3.1 Quantification of the Flows of Textiles
		3.2 Environmental Impacts of Clothing Textile Sector
	4 Results
		4.1 Results of the Textile Sector in Spain
		4.2 Results of the Textile Sector in Catalonia
		4.3 Trends and Paradigms of the Textile Sector in Spain and Catalonia
	5 Discussion
		5.1 The Socio-environmental Cost of Fashion Industry
		5.2 Existing Barriers to Reduce Textile Waste
	6 Conclusion
	References
Performing Life Cycle Assessment at Scale in the Footwear Industry
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Goals and Scope
		1.2 The Textile Industry’s Environmental Impacts and Data Challenges Presented by Product Environmental Footprinting
	2 Methods
		2.1 Life Cycle Assessment
		2.2 Data Sources
		2.3 Python Development Environment
		2.4 Brightway2
		2.5 Setup Instructions
	3 Results
		3.1 Resulting in Concepts and Systems
		3.2 Graphical User Interface
		3.3 Performance and Limitations
		3.4 Results Visualization
	4 Conclusion
	References
Review of Microfibres from Various Industries and Its Life Cycle Burden on Environment
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Microfibers in Environment
		1.2 MPs Pathways into the Environment
		1.3 Life Cycle Assessment
		1.4 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)
		1.5 Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA)
		1.6 Life Cycle Interpretation
		1.7 Recycling and Disposal Options
	2 Conclusion
	References
Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Denim Dyeing: Denim Dyeing with Natural Dyes
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Methods
		2.3 Dyeing with Organic Indigo (Reference Dyed Sample)
		2.4 Dyeing with Isatis tinctoria
		2.5 Dyeing with Red Cabbage
		2.6 Color Measurement
		2.7 Color Fastness Tests
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Color Fastness Test Results
	4 Conclusion and Future Perspective
	References