Progress in Digital and Physical Manufacturing: Proceedings of ProDPM’21 (Springer Tracts in Additive Manufacturing)

Preface
Conference Committees
Invited Lectures
Conference Awards
Contents
Keynote and Workshop
Integration of Additive Manufacturing in Production Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 A Key Actor: France Additive
	3 A Key Player: Additive Manufacturing
	4 Key Issues of Additive Manufacturing in Relation with Industrial Production
		4.1 Innovative Creation of Innovative Products
		4.2 4–2 Spare Parts
		4.3 4–3 Digital Logistics and Distributed Production
		4.4 4–4 Direct Production
		4.5 4–5 Production on Demand – Zero Stock
	5 Conclusions
	References
How Virtual and Augmented Reality Can Boost Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Technology Overview
		3.1 An Overview About Virtual Reality
		3.2 An Overview About Augmented Reality
	4 Industrial Application
		4.1 Five Main Areas in Industrial Application
		4.2 Suggestions on How to Implement Augmented or Virtual Reality Projects
		4.3 Example of Tools Developed Using Augmented or Virtual Reality
	5 Conclusions
	References
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies
CAD/CAM Process Chain for Hybrid Additive Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 CAD/CAM Process Chain
		2.2 Experimental Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
On the Quality of Electron Beam Melted Thin-Walled Parts with Curved Surfaces
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Overhang Characterization and Production
		2.2 Analysis of Thin-Wall Curved Surfaces
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Computational Origami Based Design in 4D Printing
	1 Introduction
	2 Origami CAD Software
	3 Materials and Methodology
		3.1 Materials and Software
		3.2 Fabrication
		3.3 Shape Recovery Test for the Origami Structure
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Novel Extrusion Based Co-axial Printing Head for Tissue Engineering
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Design of Co-axial Nozzle Geometry
		2.1 Negative-Protrusion Compression Co-axial Nozzle
		2.2 CFD Simulations
	3 Co-axial Nozzle Design and Optimization
		3.1 Co-axial Nozzle Modelling
		3.2 Evaluation of CFD Simulations
	4 Conclusions
	References
Localization and Control of a Mobile Robot for Additive Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 System Design
		3.1 Kinematic Model
		3.2 Localization Module
		3.3 Control Module
		3.4 Communication Module
	4 Experimental Work
		4.1 Accuracy Assessment
		4.2 Precision Assessment
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Development of a Large Size 3D Delta Printer for Advanced Polymers
	1 Introduction
	2 Printer Developed
	3 RepRap Firmware and Controller
	4 Calibration
	5 Z-probe Sensor
		5.1 Infrared vs. Strain Gauge-Based Sensor
		5.2 Load Cell Signal Conditioning
	6 Conclusions
	References
Modelling the Material Removal Process of Turbulent Jet Electrochemical Machining of Copper
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Simulations with 3D Quarter-Body and 2D Axisymmetric Geometries
		2.2 Calculations of Material Removal
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Size Matters, Designing for Larger AM Products!
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Hardware
		2.2 Software
		2.3 Case Studies
		2.4 Value in the Market
	3 Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Green Manufacturing - CAD and 3D Data Acquisition Technologies
Rapid Product Development: A Decisionmaking Matrix for the Manufacturing of Injection Mould Inserts for Small Batch Production
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Part Characteristics
		2.2 Insert Characteristics
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Methodical Approach to Product Development in 4D Printing Using Smart Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodical Approach
		3.1 Analysis of the Task
		3.2 Solution Search
		3.3 Conceptional Design
		3.4 Additive Manufacturing of the Component
	4 Application Example
		4.1 Analysis of the Task
		4.2 Design for 4D-Printing
		4.3 Additive Manufacturing of the Component
		4.4 Deployment of the Complete System
	5 Conclusion
	References
Product Design for the Circular Economy: A Design Process for Footwear
	1 Introduction
	2 Background on the Fashion Industry and Footwear Sector
	3 Circular Economy (CE)
	4 Circular Product Design (CPD)
		4.1 Circular Product Design Strategies
	5 Circular Design Process: A Case Study
		5.1 Starting Considerations on Design Process
		5.2 Understand
		5.3 Define
		5.4 Make
		5.5 Release
	6 Concluding Reflection
	References
Design of Playful-Pedagogical Objects for Learning and Development of Preschool-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Disability
		1.2 Design as the Answer
		1.3 Digital Fabrication
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
3D Pine Tree Geometry Design in Forest Fire Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Model and Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Recycled Reinforced PLA as Ecodesign Solution for Customized Prostheses
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Customization with Additive Manufacturing
		1.2 Additive Manufacturing Environmental Sustainability Through Recycling
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Recycled Reinforced PLA for Additive Manufacturing
		2.2 Numerical Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Biomechanical System Simulation
		3.2 Socket-Type Prostheses Simulation
		3.3 Discussion
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Digital Manufacturing and Simulation Systems
Virtualization and Optimization of Processes in Industry 4.0
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study
		2.1 Description of the Physical Model
		2.2 Description of the 3D Model
		2.3 OPC-UA Connection
		2.4 General Configuration
		2.5 Performed Tests
		2.6 Experimental Results
		2.7 Education Application
		2.8 Future Work
	3 Conclusions
	References
Using Physics-Informed Machine Learning to Optimize 3D Printing Processes
	1 Introduction
	2 Additive Manufacturing
	3 Related Work
		3.1 Numerical Simulation
		3.2 Machine Learning
	4 Scientific Machine Learning Methodology
		4.1 Deep Hidden Heat Model (DHHM)
		4.2 Continuous Heat Model (CHM)
		4.3 Discrete Heat Model (DHM)
	5 Application to Real Datasets from SIEMENS
		5.1 Sensor Data Generation
		5.2 Plancks Law
		5.3 Emissivity
		5.4 Modeling of Heat Source
		5.5 Results
	6 Summary and Discussion
	References
Industry 4.0 Machine-to-Machine Communication Protocols and Architectures on the Shop Floor
	1 Introduction
	2 Industrial Communication Systems
	3 Related Work
	4 Future of Industrial Networks
	5 Conclusion
	References
Topological Design of 3D Biopolymer Scaffolds and Their Mechanical Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Discussion of Mechanical Properties
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Simulation of Mould-Open Microcellular Injection Moulding
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling and Simulation
		2.1 Part Dimension
		2.2 Material
		2.3 Simulation Software
		2.4 Mesh Settings
		2.5 Process Conditions
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Design of HVAC Systems Based in Horizontal Confluent Jets Equipped in an Experimental Chamber
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Numerical Models
		2.2 Horizontal Confluent Jets
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Materials
The Mechanical Performance of Additive Manufactured Silica Lattice Structures
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Design, 3D Printing and Post-processing of Ceramic Lattice Scaffolds
		2.2 Material Characterization and Mechanical Testing
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 3D Printing and Material Characterization Process
		3.2 Mechanical Behavior of Lattice Scaffolds
	4 Conclusions
	References
Earth as a Construction Material for Sustainable 3D Printing: Rheological Aspect
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Earth-Based Materials for 3D Printing
		1.2 Clay Minerals: Influence on Rheology
		1.3 Influence of Soil pH on the Stability and Rheology of Clay Minerals
		1.4 Importance of Fibers in Enhancing the Rheology of Earth-Based Material
		1.5 Estimation of the Rheology of Earth-Based Material: Squeeze Flow Rheometry
	2 Conclusion
	References
Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Metal Reinforced Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Materials and Characterization Methods
		2.2 Moulds and Vacuum Casting Process of the Epoxy Resin + Hardener
		2.3 Mechanical Tests
		2.4 Thermal Conductivity Assessment
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Physical Properties: Density
		3.2 Physical Properties: Thermal Conductivity
		3.3 Mechanical Behaviour
	4 Conclusions
	References
An Overview of Binder Materials’ Sustainability for 3D Printing in Construction
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Sustainability of 3D Printing Concrete
	2 Binder Materials for 3D Printing in Construction
		2.1 Cementitious Matrix
		2.2 Geopolymer Matrix
		2.3 Earth-Based Matrix
		2.4 Other Materials
	3 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Mechanical Characterization of Polyamide Reinforced with Short Carbon Fibres Manufactured via FFF
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Materials Selection
		2.2 Test Specimens’ Preparation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Tensile and Flexural Testing
		3.2 Dynamical Mechanical Analysis
	4 Conclusions and Future Works
	References
Applications
Aquasoft 4.0 - Administration Shell and Cloud Connection of Aquasoft
	1 Introduction
	2 Aquasoft Kit
	3 Administration Shell
		3.1 Creation of AAS and OPC-UA Server
		3.2 OPC-UA Client
	4 Cloud Connection
		4.1 Connection of Aquasoft to Internet
		4.2 Cloud Interface
	5 Conclusion
	References
ICM 4.0 – Injection Moulding Machine Control and Monitoring
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study
		2.1 IMM Control and Monitoring
		2.2 IMM Digital Twin
	3 Conclusions
	References
Process Optimization for the Manufacturing of Individualized Ankle Foot Orthoses via Digitalization and AM
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
		2.1 Human-Parameter-Analysis
		2.2 Types of Ankle Foot Orthoses
		2.3 Manufacturing Process
	3 Process Chain
		3.1 Planning
		3.2 Concept
		3.3 Neuronal Network
	4 Results and Conclusion
	References
3D Printed Smart Luminous Artifacts
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology and Approach
		2.1 Design and Manufacturing of a Hybrid PCB by Multi-functional Ink-Jet Circuit Printing
		2.2 Design and Manufacturing of the Electronics Housing –by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)
		2.3 Prototyping and Testing
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Smart Shoes – Current Developments and the Future Trends
	1 Introduction
	2 Industry 4.0 Enabling Technologies on the Development of Smart Shoes
	3 Enhancing Consumers Comfort with Smart Shoes
	4 Monitoring, Evaluating and Disseminating Health Problems by Smart Shoes
	5 Case Studies that Promise a Great Future for Smart Shoes
	6 Conclusions
	References
Sustainable Water Package: Technical Characteristics and Challenges for Designers
	1 Product, Package and Label
		1.1 Product’s Packaging Design
		1.2 Challenge for Product Design
		1.3 Water Package Sustainability
	2 Methodology and Methods
	3 Discussion and Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
3D Printing and Direct Polymer Casting of Microgroove Nerve Guidance Conduits
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Design and Printing of Moulds
		2.2 Casting of Microgroove Thin Films
		2.3 Mould and Film Morphological Characterisation
		2.4 Mechanical Characterisation
		2.5 Surface Wettability Evaluation
		2.6 Degradation Characterisation
		2.7 Statistical Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Microgroove Morphology
		3.2 Mechanical Characterisation
		3.3 Surface Wettability
		3.4 Degradation Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Investigating the Degradation Properties of Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol as Biomaterials
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Scaffolds Fabrication
		2.2 Surface Wettability Evaluation
		2.3 Accelerated Degradation Test
		2.4 Morphological Evaluation
		2.5 Mechanical Evaluation
		2.6 Data Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Surface Wettability Evaluation
		3.2 Morphological Evaluation
		3.3 Degradation Rate and Mechanical Evaluation
	4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
Behaviour of 3D Printed PLA Dies for Rubber Pad Forming
	1 Introduction
	2 Additive Manufacturing of a Die for Rubber Pad Forming Press
	3 Die Behaviour during Stamping
	4 Cost Analysis
		4.1 Research Design
		4.2 Material and Waste Cost
		4.3 Economic Impact
	5 Lead Time
	6 Conclusions
	References
Morphological Investigation of Electrospun PVDF (HFP)-Carbon Black Nanocomposites
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Solution Preparation
		2.3 Electrospinning
		2.4 Morphological Characterization
		2.5 Capacitance Characterization
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Stainless-Steel Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing Characterization of Single Weld Bead Deposition
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup: Material and Methods
		2.1 Stainless-Steel ER2209
		2.2 General Procedure
		2.3 Samples Construction
	3 Results
		3.1 Method of Analysis
		3.2 Impact of the Synergic Laws
		3.3 Travel Speed Experiment
		3.4 Wire Feeding Speed Experiment
	4 Conclusions
	References
Investigating Raw Earth Construction in Morocco: Actual and Future Prospects
	1 Introduction
	2 Traditional Earth-Based Building Techniques in Morocco
		2.1 Traditional Earth-Based Building Techniques in Morocco
		2.2 Cob Constructions
		2.3 Earth Blocks
		2.4 Embedding Fibers in Earth-Based Materials
	3 Digital Fabrication of Earth-Based Materials
	4 Conclusions
	References
Electric Motorcycle Frame Design with Generative Design Feature for Polymer Additive Manufacturing – Concept and Prototype Validation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Individual Mobility
		1.2 Electric Scooters
		1.3 Electric Scooter’s Frame
	2 Material and Method
		2.1 Steel Frame Base Model
		2.2 Load Cases Considered in the Study
		2.3 Material Selection
		2.4 Generative Concept
	3 Results
		3.1 Generative Process and Geometries
		3.2 Final Concept Model of Frame
	4 Prototyping and Testing
		4.1 Prototyping
		4.2 Experimental Characterization of Frame Setup
		4.3 Experimental Characterization of Frame Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Correction to: Progress in Digital and Physical Manufacturing
	Correction to: J. O. Correia Vasco et al. (Eds.): Progress in Digital and Physical Manufacturing, STAM, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33890-8
Author Index