Proceedings of the Conference in Honor of C N Yang's 85th Birthday, Singapore, 31 Octobwer - 3 November 2007: Statistical Physics, High Energy, Condensed Matter and Mathematical Physics

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 6
Photographs......Page 15
High Energies and Field Theories......Page 28
1.2. Examples of Constraints on Creativity and Innovation......Page 30
1.4. Practicality and Feasibility Constraints......Page 31
2.2. Visualization......Page 33
2.3. Imagination......Page 34
3.1. Personality and Temperament......Page 35
3.4. Reduce the Frequency of Bad Ideas......Page 36
3.7. Helpful Hints......Page 37
4. Colleagues......Page 38
5.2. Ending Obsession......Page 39
5.3. Ambiguous Obsession -- Power from Controlled Fusion......Page 40
6. The Technology You Use......Page 41
9. The Technology of the Future -- Some Promising Technologies Go Nowhere......Page 42
Acknowledgments......Page 43
References......Page 44
1. Introduction......Page 45
2. Nonlinear sigma-model......Page 46
3. Two Component Landau-Ginsburg-Gross-Pitaevsky Equation......Page 49
4. SU(2) Yang-Mills Theory......Page 51
References......Page 54
1. Introduction......Page 56
2. Riemann Cartan Space Time......Page 57
3. Gauss Bonnet Identities......Page 60
References......Page 64
1. Introduction......Page 65
2. Restricted QCD and QCD Vacuum......Page 67
3. Einstein-Cartan Gravity: Gauge Theory of Lorentz Group......Page 70
4. Restricted Gravity......Page 72
5. Vacuum Space-time......Page 76
6. Topological Classification of Vacuum Space-time......Page 77
7. Discussions......Page 78
References......Page 80
Some Thoughts on the Cosmological QCD Phase Transition W.-Y. P. Hwang......Page 82
1. Introduction......Page 83
2. The Basics......Page 86
3. The Cosmological QCD Phase Transition......Page 90
4. Exploding Solitons......Page 92
5. Colliding Walls: Formation of ``Pasted\'\' Domain Walls......Page 95
6. Possible Connection with the Dark Matter......Page 98
7. Outlook......Page 103
References......Page 104
1. Introduction......Page 106
2. Spinors, Twistors and Complex Momenta......Page 107
3. Space-Cone Gauge......Page 109
4. The Largest Time Equation and Analytic Continuation......Page 110
5. Gauge Invariance......Page 113
6. Concluding Remarks......Page 115
References......Page 116
1. Introduction......Page 117
2. Description of the Neutrino System......Page 119
3. Summary of the Current Experimental Status......Page 120
4. Implications and Future Study of Massive Neutrinos......Page 127
5. A Near Term Neutrino Program......Page 128
6. The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment......Page 132
References......Page 136
1. Introduction......Page 139
2. Geometrical Model of Hadronic Collisions......Page 140
3. Do the Limiting Values Exist?......Page 141
4. Relativistic Quantum Gauge Theory......Page 142
5. Theoretical Prediction of Increasing Total Cross Sections......Page 143
6. Phenomenology and Predictions......Page 146
7. Production Processes at the LHC......Page 151
8. Conclusion and Discussions......Page 154
References......Page 156
2. The Graviton Knows About Everything......Page 158
3. The Proton Lifetime as an Analogy......Page 160
4. Could Gravity be Part of a Larger Structure?......Page 162
5. The Horizon......Page 163
6. The Gravitational Field is Not Just Another Field......Page 164
8. Equivalence Principle......Page 166
9. The Extreme Ultra Infrared......Page 167
11. Induced Gravity......Page 168
12. Ever More Speculative Ways Out......Page 169
13. Reversal of Fortune......Page 170
16. Closing Remarks......Page 172
Acknowledgments......Page 173
1. Introduction......Page 174
2. Second Quantized Formulation......Page 175
2.1. Hidden local symmetry......Page 176
2.2. Parallel transport and holonomy......Page 177
2.3. Non-adiabatic phase: Cyclic evolution......Page 178
2.4. Non-adiabatic phase: Non-cyclic evolution......Page 179
2.5. Geometric phase for mixed states......Page 180
3. Exactly Solvable Example......Page 182
4. Chiral Anomaly......Page 184
References......Page 186
Consequences of a Minimal Length L. N. Chang......Page 188
References......Page 197
1. Introduction......Page 198
2. The Model of Friedland, McKellar and Okuniewicz......Page 200
3. Two Body Correlations......Page 201
4. The BBGKY Equations and the Evolution of the Single Particle Density Matrix......Page 203
5. The Boltzmann Equation and its Failure in the Model......Page 206
Acknowledgments......Page 208
References......Page 209
1. Introduction......Page 210
2.1. A Calabi Yau and the rigid limit......Page 212
2.2. Behavior of the Kaehler potential......Page 215
3. Explicit Description of Logarithmic Periods......Page 219
Acknowledgments......Page 223
References......Page 224
Five Decades After the Revolution: How Much Do We Know About the Neutrino? N.-P. Chang......Page 225
Interacting Multi-Component Fermions and the Yang-Baxter Equation: Future Prospects M. T. Batchelor......Page 230
Free Electron Laser Developments in China Z.-T. Zhao......Page 231
1. Particle Physics in China......Page 232
3. Non-accelerator Based Experiment......Page 234
4. BEPCII: High Luminosity Double-Ring Collider......Page 235
5. Professor C. N. Yang\'s Contribution to the Particle Physics in China......Page 237
6. Particle Physics in 21st Century......Page 238
7. Chinese Particle Physics in 21st Century......Page 239
Statistical Physics, Condensed Matter and Biophysics......Page 242
Nearsightedness of Electronic Matter W. Kohn......Page 244
1. Introduction......Page 245
2. General Structure and Features......Page 246
3. The Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Model......Page 247
4. Beyond Magnetic Alloys......Page 248
4.3. p-spin spin glass, satisfiability and error-correction......Page 249
4.4. Interacting agents......Page 251
4.4.1. The Minority Game......Page 252
5. Critical Behaviour and Correlation Length......Page 256
Conclusions......Page 257
References......Page 258
Asymmetric Heat Conduction in Nonlinear Systems B. Hu......Page 261
The Spin-Charge Gauge Approach to the Theory of Doped Mott Insulators L. Yu......Page 262
1. Introduction......Page 263
2. Physical Model......Page 264
3. Spin Current Faraday Rotation......Page 270
References......Page 272
1. Introduction......Page 274
2. A Practical Room Temperature Superconductor......Page 280
3. Some Interesting Claims......Page 281
4. Some Visionary Predictions......Page 286
5. Common Features of Superconductivity with High Tc......Page 290
6. The Enlightened Empirical Approach......Page 297
7. Conclusion......Page 300
Acknowledgments......Page 301
References......Page 302
1. Introduction......Page 304
2. The Bracket Polynomial and the Jones Polynomial......Page 306
3. Unitary Representations of the Braid Group and the Fibonacci Model......Page 311
References......Page 321
Yang-Baxter Equation and Quantum Periodic Toda Lattice L. Takhtajan......Page 323
Atomic-Scale Structure: From Surfaces to Nanomaterials M. A. Van Hove......Page 324
Topological Quantum Numbers and Phase Transitions in Matter D. Thouless......Page 325
1. Introduction......Page 326
2. A Quasi-chemical Mean-field Model of Phase Transition......Page 327
3.1. Universality of the critical exponent beta......Page 328
4. Fundamental Theory of Phase Transitions......Page 329
4.2. The Yang-Lee circle theorem and beyond......Page 330
6. The O.-Diagonal Long-Range Order......Page 331
7.2. The 6-vertex model......Page 332
9. The Yang-Baxter Equation......Page 333
9.2. The Yangian......Page 334
References......Page 335
1. Symbolic Sequences from Biology......Page 338
2. Necessity to Study Real Biological Data......Page 339
3. Fine Structure in One-Dimensional K-String Histograms of Randomized Bacterial Genomes......Page 340
4. Number of True and Redundant Missing Strings in Bacterial Genomes......Page 342
5. Fractal Dimensions Behind the K.   8 Limit of To-Dimensional Histograms......Page 343
6. Significant Improvement of Bacterial Phylogeny by Simple Markov Subtraction......Page 346
7. Decomposition and Reconstruction of Protein Sequences: The Problem of Uniqueness......Page 347
Acknowledgments......Page 348
References......Page 349
1. Introduction......Page 350
2. Theory......Page 352
3. Results and Discussion......Page 353
References......Page 360
Atoms and Ions: Universality, Singularity and Particularity......Page 362
Insights from Computer Simulation E. G. Wang......Page 363
1. Introduction......Page 364
2. Hard Spheres......Page 365
3. Pseudopotential......Page 366
4. An Encounter with Pauli......Page 367
5. Peritization......Page 368
8. Two-Dimensional Bose Gas......Page 370
9. Liquid Helium and Atomic Trap......Page 371
10. Crossover between Ideal and Interacting Gas......Page 372
11. Observation of Crossover......Page 373
13. Questions and Answers......Page 375
References......Page 379
Quantum Physics......Page 382
1. Introduction......Page 384
2. Development of Coherent Electron Beams......Page 385
3. Electron Phase and Aharonov-Bohm Effect......Page 386
4. Confirmation Experiments on AB Effect......Page 387
5. Observation of Magnetic-Flux-Quantization Process......Page 389
6. Applications of AB Effect in Electromagnetic-Field Observation......Page 391
6.2. Vortices in superconductors......Page 392
6.3. Manipulation of vortices......Page 394
7. 1-MV Microscope......Page 395
8. Single Electron Build-Up of an Interference Pattern......Page 397
9. Challenge of New Technology......Page 400
References......Page 401
Phase Separation of Atoms in Optical Lattices H.-Q. Lin......Page 404
Ultracold Atoms Achievements and Perspectives. C. Cohen-Tannoudji......Page 405
Quantum Spin Hall Effect* S. C. Zhang......Page 421
1. Introduction......Page 422
BP and QC for Hamiltonian H_1(theta,phi(t))......Page 423
BP and QC for Hamiltonian H_2(theta,phi(t))......Page 428
4. BH as a Derivative of DH via Braid Relation......Page 430
5. Conclusion and Discussion......Page 432
References......Page 434
1. Introduction......Page 436
2. The Grover Search Algorithm......Page 438
3. Algorithms for Partial Search......Page 439
4. The GRK Partial Search Algorithm......Page 440
5. The Partial Search Hierarchy......Page 443
6. Comparison of Hierarchical Partial Search with Direct Partial Search......Page 445
6.1. Numerical Comparison of Query Numbers and Asymptotic Analysis......Page 446
6.2. General Proof that T(K, tilde K ) > S(K, tilde K )......Page 447
6.3. Hierarchy with Many GRK\'s......Page 448
7. Summary......Page 450
Appendix B. Ranges of parameters alpha and eta......Page 451
Appendix C.2. Case K = 2......Page 453
Appendix D. Different Partitions of a Database......Page 454
References......Page 455
1. Introduction......Page 457
2. Spin-Orbit Coupling in Solids......Page 458
3.1. Adiabatic gauge field......Page 460
3.2. Two-level atomic system......Page 462
4. Spin Hall Effect in Atoms......Page 464
References......Page 470
Magnetic Coupling and Quantum Well States Z. Q. Qiu......Page 473
Quantum Information Processing: Present Status and Perspectives I. Cirac......Page 474
Degradable Channels in Quantum Information Theory M. B. Ruskai......Page 475
Other Topics......Page 476
Prof. Yang and Prof. Steinberger. W.-M. Wu......Page 478
1. Introduction......Page 484
3.1. Particle physics......Page 486
3.2. Many-body physics (which includes statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics)......Page 489
4. Outlook......Page 491
Acknowledgements......Page 492
1. Introduction......Page 504
2. The Approximated Shape Equation and its Exact Solution......Page 506
3. Exact Shape Equation......Page 508
References......Page 510
Revisiting the Hydrodynamic Boundary Condition: New Results on an Old Problem P. Sheng......Page 512
1. Introduction......Page 513
2.1. Excitation......Page 514
2.2. Ionisation......Page 516
2.2.1. Ionisation amplitudes......Page 517
2.2.2. Differential ionisation cross sections......Page 519
3. Formal Ionisation Theory Considerations......Page 521
References......Page 523
1. Encounters with Chen Ning Yang......Page 525
2. AAPPS......Page 527
3.2. Steps to the Asia Pacific Physics Conferences (APPC)......Page 529
3.3. From dream to reality......Page 530
4. Inauguration of the AAPPS and After......Page 534
References......Page 535
The Modeling and Functional Connectivity of the Brain S. Kim......Page 537
Symmetry Effects in Computation* A. C.-C. Yao......Page 538
Applications of Nanotechnology to the Development of Energy-Related Technologies M.-K. Wu......Page 539
Chen-Ning Yang and My Student Days at Stony Brook A. Chao......Page 540
Contributed Talks......Page 544
Quasicrystals and Partial Differential Equations T. Y. Fan......Page 546
Prepotential Approach to Exact and Quasi-Exact Solvabilities of Hermitian and Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians C.-L. Ho......Page 547
Prof. C. N. Yang and Quantum Entanglement in Particle Physics Y. Shi......Page 548
Is Non-Abelian Gauge Theory Relevant to the Technology of Spintronics S. G. Tan, M. B. A. Jalil, X.-J. Liu and T. Fujita......Page 549
A Two-Parametric Graded R-Matrix Satisfying the Yang-Baxter Equation T. C. Vo, A. K. Nguyen and T. H. V. Nguyen......Page 550
A New Two-Parametric Deformation of U[osp(1/2)] A. K. Nguyen and L. B. Nam......Page 551
The Kontsevich Integral and Covering Spaces A. Kricker......Page 552
Byers and Yang\'s Theorem on Flux Quantization K. N. Shrivastava......Page 553
Voltage-Controlled Berry Phases in Two Coupled Quantum Dots K.-D. Zhu......Page 554
A Comment on the Wave Function of Neutrino and P-Nonconservation V. V. Thuan......Page 555
Theoretical Modeling of B-Z Deoxyribonucleic (DNA) Transition W. Lim......Page 556
Application of Gauge Theory to Acoustic Fields -- Revolutionizing and Rewriting the Whole Field of Acoustics W. S. Gan......Page 557
Bonding Electronics and Energetics: An Approach Crossing the Barriers of Classical and Quantum Approximations C. Q. Sun......Page 558
Topological Quantum Phase Transitions of the Kitaev Model G.-M. Zhang......Page 559
Worldline Instantons and Pair Production Q.-H. Wang......Page 560
Exact Ground States and Correlation Functions of Interacting Spinless Fermions on Two-Legged Ladder S. A. Cheong......Page 561
Nonlinear Supersymmetric General Relativity and Unity of Nature K. Shima and M. Tsuda......Page 562
Novel Nano-Device andSymmetryRole inChemical Event of C60 and Carbon Nanotube Composite H.-B. Su......Page 563
Singular Gauge Transformation and Wu-Yang Singular-Free Monopole J.-Q. Liang......Page 564
Laboratory Plasma Astrophysics Research with Intense Lasers H. Takabe, T. Kato, Y. Kuramitsu and Y. Sakawa......Page 565
New RF Helicon-Plasma Devices for Various Applications T. Tanikawa, S. Shinohara, T. Motomura, K. Tanaka, K. Toki and I. Funaki......Page 566
THz Radiation Generation via Laser Plasma Interaction Experiments N. Yugami and T. Higashiguchi......Page 567
Non-Maxwellian Velocity Distribution: A Characteristic of Space Plasma L.-N. Hau......Page 568
Dynamo Mechanism by Transport Flow C.-M. Ryu......Page 569
Degradable Channels in Quantum Information Theory R. S. Rawat......Page 570
Plasma Nanoscience: From Astronucleosynthesis to Origin of Life and Industrial Nanomanufacturing K. Ostrikov and S.-Y. Xu......Page 571
Plume Dynamics in TEA CO2 Laser Ablation of Polymers and Graphite T. Y. Tou and O. H. Chin......Page 572
Plasma Hole -- A Singular Vortex in a Magnetized Plasma M. Y. Tanaka......Page 573
Quantum Plasmas -- Space Charge Limited Electron Flows L. K. Ang......Page 574
Generation and Application of High Density Low-Frequency Inductively Coupled Plasmas S.-Y. Xu and K. Ostrikov......Page 575
List of Participants......Page 576