Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Maintenance, Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics 2021 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Preface
In Memoriam
Contents
About the Editors
Fault Detection
Data Sharing Concept For Electric Car Services: Fleet Level Optimization and Emission Reduction Based on Monitored Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Sensors and Monitoring in EVs
		3.1 Autonomous Driving
		3.2 Safety
		3.3 Condition Monitoring
	4 Data Sharing Concept
	5 Discussion and Summary
	References
Unsupervised Deep Neural Network Considering the Uncertainties Effect in Pipeline Condition Monitoring Using Guided Ultrasonic Waves
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Uncertainty Consideration
	4 Damage Identification Using RRC Damage Index
	5 Deep Autoencoder
	6 Damage Identification Using the RRC Damage Index
		6.1 Damage Localisation Using the RRC Damage Index
		6.2 Damage Quantification Using the RRC Damage Index
		6.3 Effect of Uncertainties on Damage Identification Using the RRC Damage Index
	7 Uncertainty Compensation Using a Deep Autoencoder
	8 Conclusions
	References
Detecting Gas Injection Problems in Vacuum Tank Degassing Using Measurements of Multiple Variables
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Normal Operation
		3.2 Problem in One of the Gas Lines
		3.3 Poor Stirring Efficiency and Operator Actions Related to It
		3.4 Temporary Increase in Vacuum Tank Pressure
		3.5 Features for Automated Fault Classification
	4 Conclusions
	References
Feature Assessment for a Hybrid Model
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Model-Based Approaches
		1.2 Data-Driven Approaches
		1.3 Hybrid Model-Based Approaches
	2 Hybrid Modelling Methodology
	3 HVAC System Model
		3.1 Fault Modelling
		3.2 Ranking of Features for the Data-Driven Models
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 First Case: Dust in Air Filter
		4.2 Second Case: Degradation of the CO2 Sensor
		4.3 Third Case: Degradation of Evaporator Fan
		4.4 Fourth Case: Variations in the Compression Rate of the Cooling System
	5 Conclusions and Outlook
	References
Fatigue and Wear Prediction
Operability Forecasting Combining Neural Network and Survival Analysis with an Application to Hot Corrosion in Turbofan
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Data
		2.1 Inspections
		2.2 Engine Utilization
		2.3 Operability Forecasting
	3 Related Approaches
		3.1 Cumulative Damage Model (CDM)
		3.2 Survival Analysis
	4 Model
		4.1 Non-recurrent Model
		4.2 A Recurrent Model
		4.3 Multiple Components
		4.4 Weibull Law
		4.5 Simulation
	5 Application to Hot Corrosion
		5.1 Hot Corrosion Issue for Turbofan
		5.2 k-Fold Cross-Validation
	6 Conclusion
	7 Appendix
	References
Active Monitoring of RCF in Toroidal Bearings Using Acoustic Emission
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Equipment
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fatigue Risk Analysis with Intelligent Digital Twins Based on Condition Monitoring
	1 Introduction
	2 Stress Indices
		2.1 Feature Extraction
		2.2 Nonlinear Scaling
		2.3 Stress Indices
	3 Intelligent Digital Twins
		3.1 Fatigue Model
		3.2 Dynamic Model
		3.3 Recursive Updating
	4 Fatigue Risk Analysis
		4.1 Measurements
		4.2 Stress Indices
		4.3 Digital Twin
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Low-End Hardware in Stress Monitoring of CNC Machines
	1 Introduction
	2 Utilising Low-End Hardware on Stress Monitoring
		2.1 Single Board Computers
		2.2 Industrial Computers
		2.3 Hardware-Oriented Solutions
	3 Stress Monitoring and Vibration Measurements
		3.1 Computational Spectral Analysis
	4 Test Case
		4.1 Analysis
	5 Computation Time Tests
	6 Conclusions
	References
Predictive Maintenance
Real Order Derivatives and Spectral Norms in Fault Detection
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodologies
		2.1 Real Order Derivatives
		2.2 Generalised Norms
		2.3 Generalised Spectral Norms
		2.4 Spectral Indices
	3 Case Study
	4 Results
		4.1 Bearing Fault
		4.2 Misalignment
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Systematic Methodology for Generating Natural Spall Faults on Rolling Element Bearings
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Bearing Degradation Mechanisms and Failure Modes
		1.2 Generation of Bearing Damages in the CM and the PHM Research Communities—State of the Art
		1.3 Objectives
		1.4 Paper Organisation
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Rationale Behind the Methodology
		2.2 Proposed Methodology
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Test Setup
		3.2 Test Conditions
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Physics-Inspired Feature Engineering  for Condition Monitoring of Alternating Current-Powered Solenoid-Operated Valves
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Related Works
		1.2 Characteristics of an AC-Powered SOV
		1.3 Failure Modes, Mechanisms and Effects Analysis (FMMEA)
		1.4 Objectives and Main Contributions
		1.5 Paper Organization
	2 Experiment
	3 Phenomenological Modeling of an AC SOV
		3.1 Equivalent Inductance and Impedance Analysis
		3.2 Solenoid Current Signatures Analysis
	4 Physics-Inspired Feature Engineering
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Advanced Prognostics for a Centrifugal Fan and Multistage Centrifugal Pump Using a Hybrid Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Diagnostics
		2.1 Real Operation Vibration Data
		2.2 Synthetic Vibration Data
		2.3 Process Data
		2.4 Time and Frequency Domain Features
	3 Prognostics
	4 Results
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References