Principles of Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design: New Tools for Industrial Chemical Reactor Operations

PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ANALYSIS AND DESIGN......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 10
Preface......Page 14
Notation......Page 18
1 Overview of Chemical Reaction Engineering......Page 22
1.1 Classification of Chemical Reactions......Page 23
1.2 Classification of Chemical Reactors......Page 24
1.3.1 Stoichiometry......Page 29
1.3.3 Transport Effects......Page 30
1.3.5 Species Balance Equation and Reactor Design Equation......Page 35
1.4 Common Practices......Page 36
1.4.2 Selection of Reactor Configuration......Page 37
1.4.4 Operational Considerations......Page 39
1.4.5 Scaleup......Page 40
1.5 Industrial Reactors......Page 41
1.6 Summary......Page 42
References......Page 43
2.1 Four Contexts of Chemical Reaction......Page 46
2.2 Chemical Formulas and Stoichiometric Coefficients......Page 47
2.3 Extent of a Chemical Reaction......Page 49
2.4 Independent and Dependent Chemical Reactions......Page 60
2.5 Characterization of the Reactor Feed......Page 68
2.5.1 Limiting Reactant......Page 69
2.5.2 Excess Reactant......Page 70
2.6.1 Reactant Conversion......Page 75
2.6.2 Product Yield and Selectivity......Page 79
2.7 Dimensionless Extents......Page 85
2.8 Independent Species Composition Specifications......Page 89
Problems......Page 93
Bibliography......Page 100
3.1 Species Formation Rates......Page 102
3.2 Rates of Chemical Reactions......Page 103
3.3 Rate Expressions of Chemical Reactions......Page 107
3.5 Characteristic Reaction Time......Page 112
Problems......Page 118
Bibliography......Page 120
4 Species Balances and Design Equations......Page 122
4.1 Macroscopic Species Balances—General Species-Based Design Equations......Page 123
4.2.1 Ideal Batch Reactor......Page 125
4.2.2 Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR)......Page 126
4.2.3 Plug-Flow Reactor (PFR)......Page 127
4.3.1 Ideal Batch Reactor......Page 128
4.3.2 Plug-Flow Reactor......Page 130
4.3.3 Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR)......Page 132
4.3.4 Formulation Procedure......Page 133
4.4 Dimensionless Design Equations and Operating Curves......Page 134
4.5 Summary......Page 146
Problems......Page 147
Bibliography......Page 150
5.1.1 Heat of Reaction......Page 152
5.1.2 Effect of Temperature on Reaction Equilibrium Constant......Page 155
5.2 Energy Balances......Page 156
5.2.1 Batch Reactors......Page 157
5.2.2 Flow Reactors......Page 168
5.3 Summary......Page 177
Problems......Page 178
Bibliography......Page 179
6 Ideal Batch Reactor......Page 180
6.1 Design Equations and Auxiliary Relations......Page 181
6.2 Isothermal Operations with Single Reactions......Page 187
6.2.1 Constant-Volume Reactors......Page 188
6.2.2 Gaseous, Variable-Volume Batch Reactors......Page 202
6.2.3 Determination of the Reaction Rate Expression......Page 210
6.3 Isothermal Operations with Multiple Reactions......Page 219
6.4 Nonisothermal Operations......Page 237
6.5 Summary......Page 251
Problems......Page 252
Bibliography......Page 259
7 Plug-Flow Reactor......Page 260
7.1 Design Equations and Auxiliary Relations......Page 261
7.2 Isothermal Operations with Single Reactions......Page 266
7.2.1 Design......Page 267
7.2.2 Determination of Reaction Rate Expression......Page 282
7.3 Isothermal Operations with Multiple Reactions......Page 286
7.4 Nonisothermal Operations......Page 302
7.5 Effects of Pressure Drop......Page 317
7.6 Summary......Page 329
Problems......Page 330
8 Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor......Page 338
8.1 Design Equations and Auxiliary Relations......Page 339
8.2 Isothermal Operations with Single Reactions......Page 343
8.2.1 Design of a Single CSTR......Page 345
8.2.2 Determination of the Reaction Rate Expression......Page 354
8.2.3 Cascade of CSTRs Connected in Series......Page 357
8.3 Isothermal Operations with Multiple Reactions......Page 362
8.4 Nonisothermal Operations......Page 379
Problems......Page 391
9.1 Semibatch Reactors......Page 398
9.2 Plug-Flow Reactor with Distributed Feed......Page 421
9.3 Distillation Reactor......Page 437
9.4 Recycle Reactor......Page 446
Problems......Page 456
10 Economic-Based Optimization......Page 462
10.1 Economic-Based Performance Objective Functions......Page 463
10.2 Batch and Semibatch Reactors......Page 469
10.3 Flow Reactors......Page 471
Problems......Page 474
Bibliography......Page 475
Appendix A Summary of Key Relationships......Page 476
Appendix B Microscopic Species Balances—Species Continuity Equations......Page 486
Appendix C Summary of Numerical Differentiation and Integration......Page 490
Index......Page 492