Principles And Methods Of Social Research

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments and Dedication
Preface
Part I: Introduction to Social Research Methods
	1 Basic Concepts
		Science and Daily Life
		From Theory, Concept, or Idea to Operation
		Role of Theory in Scientific Inquiry
		Conclusion and Overview
		References
	2 Internal and External Validity
		Causation
		Distinguishing Internal and External Validity
		Basic Issues of Internal Validity
		Basic Issues of External Validity
		Conclusion
		References
	3 Measurement Reliability
		Classical Measurement Theory
		Contemporary Measurement Theory
		Conclusion
		References
	4 Measurement Validity
		Types of Measurement Validity
		The Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix: Combining Convergent and Discriminant Validity
		Threats to Measurement Validity
		Conclusion
		References
Part II: Research Design Strategies: Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Nonexperiments
	5 Designing Experiments: Variations on the Basics
		Basic Variations in Experimental Design
		Expanding the Number of Experimental Treatments
		Block Designs: Incorporating a Nonexperimental Factor
		Repeated-Measures Designs and Counterbalancing
		Conclusion
		References
	6 Constructing Laboratory Experiments
		Steps for Constructing an Experiment
		Types of Experimental Manipulations
		Manipulation and Attention Checks
		Assignment of Participants to Conditions: Randomization Procedures
		Realism and Engagement in an Experiment
		Role-Playing Simulations and Analogue Experiments
		Conclusion
		References
	7 External Validity of Laboratory Experiments
		Generalizability across Participants
		Experimenter Expectancy and Bias
		Three Faces of External Validity
		Conclusion
		References
	8 Conducting Experiments Outside the Laboratory
		Research Settings and Issues of Validity
		Constructing a Field Experiment
		The Internet as a Site for Experimental Research
		Conclusion
		References
	9 Quasi-Experiments and Applied Research
		Quasi-Experimental Methods in Applied Contexts
		Quasi-Experimental Designs
		The Use of Archival Data in Longitudinal Research
		Conclusion
		References
	10 Nonexperimental Research: Correlational Design
		Bivariate Correlation and Regression
		Multiple Regression
		Using Regression to Test Mediation
		Uses and Misuses of Correlational Analysis
		Conclusions
		References
	11 Advanced Multivariate Correlational Design
		Multilevel Models
		Structural Equation Models
		Modeling Longitudinal Data
		Conclusion
		References
Part III: Data Collecting Methods
	12 Survey Studies: Design and Sampling
		Selection versus Assignment
		Census and Survey Basics
		Random Sampling
		Non-random Sampling
		Other Sampling Issues
		Types of Survey Studies
		Missing Data
		Conclusion
		References
	13 Systematic Observational Methods
		Three Aspects of Naturalism
		Observer Involvement in the Naturalistic Setting
		Coding Observations
		Conclusion
		References
	14 Content Analysis
		Content Analysis Basics
		Conducting a Content Analysis
		Summary of the General Paradigm
		Representative Examples
		Conclusion
		References
	15 Interviewing
		Modes of Administration
		Developing the Interview
		Conducting the Interview
		Group Interviews and Focus Groups
		Conclusion
		References
	16 Construction of Questionnaires and Rating Scales
		Questionnaires
		Constructing Rating Scales
		Conclusion
		References
	17 Scaling Stimuli: Social Psychophysics
		Scaling Stimuli
		Stimulus Scaling Techniques
		Multidimensional Scaling Models
		Conclusion
		References
	18 Indirect and Implicit Measures of Cognition and Affect
		Indirect Measures
		Information Processing: Attention and Memory
		Priming: Processing Without Awareness or Intent
		Social Psychophysiology: Physiological Traces of Affect and Cognitive Processing
		Conclusion
		References
	19 Methods for Assessing Dyads and Groups
		Dyadic Designs
		Designs to Study Group Structures
		Designs to Study Multiple Groups
		Measuring Group Process and Outcomes
		Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Concluding Perspectives
	20 Synthesizing Research Results: Meta-Analysis
		Replicability of Findings
		Meta-Analysis
		Stages in the Meta-Analysis Process
		Interpreting the Meta-Analysis
		Conclusion
		References
	21 Social Responsibility and Ethics in Social Research
		Ethics of Research Practices
		The Regulatory Context of Research Involving Human Participants
		Ethics of Data Reporting
		Ethical Issues Related to the Products of Scientific Research
		Conclusion
		References
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index