Preventing Violent Radicalisation in Europe: Multidisciplinary Perspectives

Acknowledgement and Funding Information
Defining a Multidisciplinary Approach for Complex Issues: An Introduction
	Violent Radicalisation: The Reason for Our Interest
	The Origins. Collective Research does not Come from Nowhere
	Defining the Problem and Finding Theoretical and Operational Models
	From the Project Experience to the Book
	References
Contents
Editor and Contributors
Part IReference Framework
1 Theoretical Background of Violent Radicalisation. Research and Interventions from Different Perspectives
	1.1 Meanings of Radicalisation in Social Psychology
	1.2 The Theoretical Origin of the Securitarian Approach to Radicalisation
	1.3 Towards a Comprehensive Model of Radicalisation and De-radicalisation
	1.4 Radicalisation and Social Identity: The Staircase by Moghaddam
		1.4.1 A More Recent Contribution by Moghaddam, the Mutual Radicalisation
	1.5 Radicalisation in a Social Context. European Contributions
	1.6 The European Proactive Approach
	1.7 The PROVA Project (2016-2018): Assumptions and Core Ideas
	References
2 Stigmatisation Processes. The Power of Classifications
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 The (Paradoxically) Central Role of the Excluded
	2.3 Taxonomies of the Deviance
	2.4 Theories of Social Deviance Related to Crime
		2.4.1 Functionalist Theories
		2.4.2 Theories of the Criminal Subcultures
		2.4.3 Labelling Theory or Labelling Approach
	2.5 Conclusion: The Nominating Devices
	References
3 First Steps: Reaching Consensus on Understanding Violent Radicalisation and Utilising Participatory Approaches for Prevention
	3.1 The Value of Context and the Importance of Language in Preventing Violent Radicalisation
	3.2 Needs Analysis as a Key First Action for Successful Prevention of Violent Radicalisation
	3.3 Stakeholders as Crucial Players in Community-Based Interventions
		3.3.1 Stakeholder Analysis and Its Application
	3.4 Working Together to Counteract Violent Radicalisation
	References
Part IIMultidisciplinary Approach in Implementing Activities
4 Innovative Methods for the Interventions in Preventing Violent Radicalisation
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Tree of Life. Collective Narrative Practice
		4.2.1 Reference Framework
		4.2.2 Current Developments
		4.2.3 Tree of Life Narrative Practice. Methodological Aspects
		4.2.4 Guidelines for Narrative Facilitation
	4.3 Visual and Iconic Methods
		4.3.1 Reference Framework
		4.3.2 Visual and Iconic Methods Stimulate the Re-Working of one’s Life Experience Through Lateral Thinking and Creativity
		4.3.3 Common Aspects of Visual and Iconic Methods in This Kind of Meetings
		4.3.4 Evocative Cards
		4.3.5 Autobiography Through the Human Figure
	4.4 Conclusions
	References
5 Theatre Projects in Prisons
	5.1 The Prison System in Germany
	5.2 The Beginning
	5.3 Our Projects
		5.3.1 Theatre Projects in Prisons
		5.3.2 Working Method
		5.3.3 Projects Outside Prison with Mixed Ensembles
	5.4 International Work and European Projects
		5.4.1 Workshops in Prisons
	5.5 Specific Features
	5.6 Effects/Evaluation
	References
6 Increasing Professionals’ Knowledge and Skills to Deal with Violent Radicalisation
	6.1 Challenges of Professionals Working with Minors and Young Adults Under Criminal Proceeding
	6.2 Actual Theoretical Aspects Relevant to Staff Training
		6.2.1 Norms and Regulations Relating to Staff Training
		6.2.2 Total Institutions and the Capability Approach
		6.2.3 Engagement
		6.2.4 Desistance Theory, Narrative Approach and Training
		6.2.5 Expanding Theoretical Aspects Relevant to Staff Training
	6.3 A Narrative Framework for Staff Training
		6.3.1 Professional Training Format and Narrative Methodology
		6.3.2 Multi-professional Roundtables
	6.4 Conclusions on Staff Training and Support
	References
7 Involving Local Communities: Participatory Meetings with Stakeholders
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Participatory Approaches and Stakeholders’ Involvement
	7.3 Stakeholders: Who Are They and Why Do They Count?
	7.4 Key Stakeholders in Preventing Violent Youth Radicalisation: European Best Practices
	7.5 Participatory Meetings with Key Stakeholders in the PROVA Project
	7.6 The Consensus Conference
		7.6.1 Planning a Consensus Conference
	References
8 Rethinking Spaces for an Inclusive City
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Urban Drifts: Social Confinement and Contended Space
		8.2.1 What is Urban Safety?
	8.3 A Journey to the Immigration Neighbourhoods of European Cities
		8.3.1 Sweden
		8.3.2 United Kingdom
		8.3.3 Netherlands
		8.3.4 Belgium
		8.3.5 France
		8.3.6 Spain
	8.4 A Special Focus on Italy
	8.5 The PROVA Project Experience
		8.5.1 The Workshop in Prison: Aims, Methods, and Outcomes
	8.6 Final Considerations
	References
9 Participatory Evaluation: Methods and Tools
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Impact Evaluation
	9.3 The Community Empowerment Scale
	9.4 SWOT Analysis
	9.5 The World Café Technique
	9.6 Creating a New Vision and Planning Strategic Actions
	References
Part IIIFurther Developments
10 Further Examples of Violent Attitudes: The Online Radicalisation
	10.1 Online Radicalisation: The Problem of Definition
	10.2 The Persuasive Strategies Set up to Promote the Online Radicalisation
	10.3 Models of Online Radicalisation
	References
Annex: Suggestions for Further Readings: An Annotated Bibliography
Index