Political ideologies: their origins and impact

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
BRIEF CONTENTS......Page 7
Table of Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 14
The Development of Ideology......Page 20
The Source of Ideology......Page 21
Ideology Defined......Page 26
The Origin of the Term......Page 27
Contemporary Definitions......Page 28
Ideology and Philosophy......Page 30
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 32
Preview......Page 33
Change, or Policy Options......Page 34
Radical......Page 37
Liberal......Page 39
Moderate......Page 41
Conservative......Page 42
Reactionary......Page 49
Values, or Personal Philosophy......Page 51
Motivation......Page 56
The Changing Spectrum......Page 57
Foreign Policy......Page 58
Domestic Policy......Page 60
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 64
Preview......Page 66
Nation and State......Page 67
Theories of the Origin of the State......Page 72
The History of Nationalism......Page 77
The Theory of Nationalism......Page 80
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 86
Preview......Page 87
The Meaning of Democracy......Page 88
The Early History of Democracy......Page 90
Later Social Contract Philosophers......Page 91
Thomas Hobbes......Page 92
John Locke......Page 94
Jean Jacques Rousseau......Page 101
Questions for Discussion......Page 104
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 105
Capitalism......Page 106
Capitalism after Smith......Page 108
Edmund Burke......Page 109
James Madison......Page 112
Jefferson’s Alternative......Page 117
America’s Capitalism and the Future of Our Democracy......Page 118
Utilitarianism and Positivist Law......Page 125
Democratic Socialism......Page 127
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 132
Preview......Page 133
Democracy and the Legislative Process......Page 134
Elite Theorism......Page 139
The American System......Page 142
The British System......Page 145
Electoral Districts......Page 150
Political Party Structures......Page 153
Representation......Page 156
Theories of Representation......Page 157
Some Criticisms of Democracy......Page 158
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 159
Development of Anarchism......Page 160
Definition of Anarchism......Page 161
The Pacifists......Page 165
The Revolutionaries......Page 169
Individualist Anarchists......Page 173
Anarchistic Tendencies in the American Political Character......Page 175
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 177
The Development of Socialism......Page 178
Communism and Socialism......Page 180
Ownership of Production......Page 181
The Welfare State......Page 184
The Socialist Intent......Page 186
From the French Revolution to Marx......Page 188
Marxism......Page 192
Marx and Capitalism......Page 194
The Basic Principles of Marxism......Page 196
Marxist Theory of Social Structure......Page 197
Marxist Historical Theory......Page 200
Marxist Economic Theory......Page 203
Marxist Theory of Revolution......Page 207
The Marxist Political System......Page 208
Internationalism......Page 209
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 210
Preview......Page 212
Revisionism......Page 213
Marxism-Leninism......Page 215
Lenin’s and Stalin’s Policies......Page 220
Soviet Atrophy......Page 222
China......Page 224
The Belligerent Stage of the Revolution......Page 225
The Political Stage of the Revolution......Page 226
The Principles of Maoism......Page 234
The Cuban Revolution......Page 238
Some Further Thoughts......Page 244
Fidelismo......Page 245
The Re-emergence of Socialism......Page 247
American Socialism......Page 250
Will Socialism Disappear?......Page 251
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 253
Preview......Page 255
The Development of Fascism and National Socialism......Page 256
Mussolini......Page 257
Hitler......Page 260
Irrationalism......Page 263
Racism......Page 268
Totalitarianism......Page 272
Elitism......Page 274
The Corporate State......Page 275
Imperialism......Page 276
Militarism......Page 278
Contemporary Fascist and Neo-Nazi Movements......Page 279
Right-Wing Extremism in the United States......Page 282
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 291
Preview......Page 292
Developing World Defined......Page 293
Historical Background: Colonialism and Imperialism......Page 294
Post-Colonialism and the Rise of Nationalism......Page 296
Other Ideological Themes in the Developing World......Page 299
Islam and the Developing World......Page 300
Islamism......Page 301
Other Religions in Developing World Politics......Page 306
Terrorism......Page 307
Economics of the Developing World......Page 311
Developing World Democracies and Dictatorships......Page 319
Guided Democracies......Page 321
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 323
Preview......Page 324
Feminism......Page 325
Endemic Sexism......Page 326
The History of Feminism......Page 333
Feminist Thought......Page 336
Environmentalism......Page 339
The Environmentalists......Page 348
Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 354
Glossary......Page 355
Index......Page 368