Policy responses to new forms of work.

Foreword
Executive summary
Chapter 1.  Introduction
	Note
Chapter 2.  What do countries mean by “new forms of work”?
	2.1.  Self-employment, misclassification and the “grey zone”
	2.2. Platform work
	2.3. Fixed-term and temporary work
	2.4. Variable hours contracts
	2.5. Countries with little discussion on new forms of work
	Notes
Chapter 3.  Worker classification
	3.1. The tax treatment of different employment forms and worker misclassification
		3.1.1. Comparing the tax treatment of employees and self-employed
		3.1.2. National reviews of tax treatment of employees and self-employed
		3.1.3. Reducing tax discrepancies between employees and self-employed
	3.2. Enforcing existing regulations for worker classification
		3.2.1. Helping firms and workers identify employment relationships
		3.2.2. Reversing the burden of proof
		3.2.3. Simplifying enforcement procedures
		3.2.4. Offering an amnesty to firms that reclassify employees
		3.2.5. Targeted inspection efforts
	3.3. Extending rights to workers in the “grey zone”
		3.3.1. Extending social protection
		3.3.2. Extending labour law protections
		3.3.3. Extending collective bargaining rights
		3.3.4. Deciding which workers to extend rights and protections to
	3.4. Addressing the classification of platform workers
	Notes
Chapter 4.  Platform work
	4.1. Specific measures to improve working conditions
	4.2. Regulating the operation of platforms
	4.3. Taxation and transparency
	4.4. Promoting the use of platforms
Chapter 5.  Fixed-term contracts
	5.1. Restrictions on the use of fixed-term contracts
	5.2. Financial disincentives for fixed-term contracts
	5.3. Incentives to use open-ended contracts
	Note
Chapter 6.  Variable hours contracts
	6.1. Introducing variable hours contracts
	6.2. Addressing unpredictability in working hours
	6.3. “Bans” on zero hour contracts
	6.4. Removing exclusivity clauses from zero hour contracts
	Notes
Chapter 7.  Cross-cutting issues
	7.1. Occupational Safety and Health in non-standard contracts
		7.1.1. Extending OSH protection to non-employees
		7.1.2. Taking special measures for fixed-term and temporary workers
	7.2. Ensuring compliance with labour law
		7.2.1. Ensuring workers are aware of rights, responsibilities and working conditions
		7.2.2. Making it easier for workers to take legal action
		7.2.3. Strengthening penalties to encourage compliance
		7.2.4. Strengthening the labour inspectorate
	Note
Chapter 8.  Strengthening social protection
	8.1. Extending benefits to workers in the “grey zone”
		8.1.1. Special measures for dependent or “employee-like” self-employed workers
		8.1.2. Special measures for certain sectors/occupations
	8.2. Extending benefits to the self-employed more broadly
		8.2.1. Introducing unemployment insurance for the self-employed
		8.2.2. Extending other benefits to the self-employed
	8.3. Enhancing portability across different forms of employment
	8.4. Simplifying administrative procedures for the self-employed
		8.4.1. Providing consolidated accounts
		8.4.2. Simplifying access to benefits
		8.4.3. Changing the way contributions are calculated
	8.5. Improving effective access to benefits for fixed-term and part-time employees
		8.5.1. Improving effective access for fixed-term workers
		8.5.2. Improving effective access for part-time workers
	8.6. Increasing the role of tax-financed benefits
		8.6.1. Increasing the role of tax-financed, means-tested benefits
		8.6.2. Increasing the role of universal benefits
		8.6.3. Basic income trials
	8.7. Reviewing social protection systems in the context of new forms of work
	Note
Chapter 9.  Skills and lifelong learning
	9.1. Addressing barriers to access for fixed-term workers
	9.2. Addressing barriers to access for platform workers
	9.3. Providing financial support for training to self-employed workers
	9.4. Increasing inclusiveness within the skills system
		9.4.1. Enhancing flexibility and accessibility in training provision
		9.4.2. Boosting the portability of training rights and skills
Chapter 10.  Public employment services
	10.1. Ensuring that those in new forms of work can access public employment services
	10.2. Matching jobseekers with opportunities in new forms of work
		10.2.1. Matching jobseekers with opportunities in platform work
		10.2.2. Training jobseekers for opportunities in platform work
	10.3. Innovating in public employment service delivery
Chapter 11.  Collective bargaining and social dialogue
	11.1. Clarifying the application of competition law
	11.2. Introducing exemptions from the prohibition to bargain collectively
	11.3. Providing a special status for workers in the “grey zone”
	11.4. Extending rights to certain groups of self-employed workers
	11.5. Engaging with social partners
Chapter 12.  Data collection and coordination
	12.1. Improving data collection
		12.1.1. Platform work
		12.1.2. Self-employment
		12.1.3. Flexible working and multi-jobbing
	12.2. Encouraging coordination
Chapter 13.  Policy directions
	13.1. First things first: Getting employment status right
	13.2. Reducing incentives for misclassification
	13.3. Extending rights and protections to workers in the grey zone between dependent employment and self-employment
	13.4. Improving working conditions in, and preventing abuse of, fixed-term, casual and platform working arrangements
	13.5. Ensuring that more workers are adequately covered by social protection
	13.6. Extending collective bargaining rights
	13.7. Supporting those in new forms of work to develop professionally
	13.8. Enhancing data collection and coordination
	References
		Annex A. Questionnaire
	Survey of policy responses to new forms of work: questionnaire
		Background questions
		1. Addressing worker classification
		2. Addressing incentives to use new forms of work
		3. Regulating the use of new forms of work
		4. Improving working conditions
		5. Strengthening social protection
		6. Strengthening workers’ voice
		7. Public Employment Services (PES) responses to new forms of work
		8. Investing in skills
		9. Improving data collection
		10. Improving coordination
		11. Other
	Notes
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