Policing and Politics in Nigeria: A Comprehensive History

Cover
Title page
copyright page
Contents
Illustrations
Ch1- The Nigeria Police Force
	A Brief Historiography of Colonial Policing
	Map 1 .1 Nigeria and Its Location in Africa
	From the Colonial Era to #EndSARS
	Structure of the Book
	Notes
Ch2- British Imperialism and the Imperial Police
	The End of the Slave Trade and the Rise of Mercantilism
	The Royal Niger Company
	The Royal Niger Company Constabulary
	The End of the Royal Niger Company
	Other Regional Police Forces, 1861–1900
	Notes
Ch3- The Colony of Lagos and Lugard’s Vision
	British Presence in the Colony of Lagos
	Table 3.1 Periods of Colonial Rule in West Africa
	Lugard’s Militaristic Vision for the Northern Police Force
	Royal Irish Constabulary Training
	The Prewar Police Reorganization Scheme
	Nigeria’s First Inspector-General (Northern Province)
	Notes
Ch4- Fighting the Great War
	Reorganization of the Northern and Southern Police Forces
	Internal Policing During the War
	The West African Frontier Force
	Policing and Police Challenges During the War
	A Militarized Police
	Notes
Ch5- Postwar Amalgamation
	Policing After World War I
	The Postwar Police Amalgamation Conversation
	The Lieutenant-Governors Express Their Concerns
	C. W. Duncan Makes His Case to the Lieutenant-Governors
	The Lieutenant-Governors Again Express Their Concerns
	Did the Police Amalgamation of 1930 Yield the Expected Outcomes?
	Table 5.1 Heads of the Amalgamated Police in Nigeria
	Notes
Ch6- The “Nigerianization”Question
	Table 6.1 Personnel in the NPF, 1934
	Table 6.2 Officer Rank Personnel, British and African, in the NPF, 1931
	Career Training for Africans in the NPF
	The World War II Years, 1940–1945
	Political Displeasure About Nigerianization of the NPF
	Table 6.3 Nigerian Police Force Pay Scales, 1950s (in pounds)
	Accelerated Nigerianization in the 1950s
	The Women Police
	Louis Oruk Edet
	Nigerianization and Police Identi
	The Challenge of Changing Police Culture
	Notes
Ch7- Police Practices and Institutional Issues
	Crime and Policing in Lagos During World War II
	Policing After World War II
	Police Challenges in Enugu, Benin, Ondo, and Calabar
	Police Work Challenges in the 1950s
	Notes
Ch8- The Independence Era
	Formation of Mobile Squadrons
	Special Branch of the Force Criminal Investigation Department
	Mounted Police Units
	To Unify or Not to Unify: The Centralization Debate Revisited
	The Politics of Police Control and Partisanship
	The NPF Structure
	Relationship with the Native Authority Police (NAP)
	The State and Structure of the NPF at the End of the Colonial Era
	Notes
Ch9- Intrigue and Politics in the New Republic
	The Special Branch and the Awolowo Case
	Unrest in the West and the State of Emergency
	Notes
Ch10- Coups, Pogroms, and the Spiral into Civil War
	The Special Branch Report
	Table 10.1 Changes to Senior NPF Postings After the 15 January 1966 Events
	A Police Case and Discovery
	The Police-Army Joint Board of Inquiry
	Reaction to the 15 January 1966 Coup d’État
	The Anti-Igbo Pogroms, May–September 1966
	“July Rematch”: The 28 July Countercoup and Its Aftermath
	Notes
Ch11- The Biafra Police Force During the Civil War
	NPF Structure, circa 1966–August 1967
	The Nature of Police Duties in Biafra
	Political Intrigue and the Emergence of the Biafra Police Force
	Police Uniforms and Weapons During the Early Civil War
	The Midwest Police Force in 1967
	Pathologies of Policing in Biafra
	Paranoia, as a Strong Wartime Sentiment, Also Undermined the Rule of Law
	Lack of Trust in the Police Undermined Its Authority
	Poor Policing, Rampant Criminality, and Permissive Court Processes
	The Security Dilemma: Firearms and Violent Crime in Biafra
	A Dark Chapter in Nigeria’s History
	Notes
Ch12- Cops, Robbers, and Firing Squads During Military Rule
	Evaluating Firing Squad Decree Effectiveness
	Figure 12.1 Armed Robberies and Murders Reported to Police During Military Rule, 1967–2000 (Lagos Statistics)
	The Robbery and Firearms (Special Provisions Act) of 1984
	Attitudes Toward Murder and Armed Robbery in Nigerian Culture
	Police Restructuring Under the Babangida Military Regime, 1986
	Violent Robberies in the Babangida and Abacha Eras, 1985–1998
	Armed Robbery Gangs and Violent Criminals in the Military Era
	Assassinations and Hired Killings Under Military Rule
	Fragile Safety
	Notes
Ch13- Legacies of Military Rule
	The Undermining Effect of Military-Era Task Forces
	Wrongful Convictions and Perversion of Justice
	Figure 13.1 Nigeria’s Comparative Incarceration Rate (per 100,000 citizens for countries with populations between 100 and 350 million), 2019
	Figure 13.2 Nigeria’s Prison Occupancy Level (based on official capacity compared with other countries with populations between 100 and 350 million), 2019
	Firearms: A Case-Based Chronological Analysis
	Police Violence in the 1990s
	The Saga of the Apo Six Murders, 2005–2018
	A “Trigger-Happy Culture”: Police Culpability and Indifference to Extrajudicial Killings
	The Legacy of Military Rule
	Notes
Ch14- The #EndSARSMovement
	The Emergence of #EndSARS as a Social Movement
	The Origins of SARS
	The Decline of SARS
	The Fall from Grace
	Notes
Ch15- The NPF as a Broken Institution
	The Enduring Impact of Colonial Poli
	Why Did the Postcolonial NPF Retain Its Colonialist, Coercive Character?
	Explaining Police Ineffectiveness Today
	Unspoken Issues: Psychological “Pressure” and Mental Health
	Corruption and Its Impact on the NPF
	Figure 15.1 Annual Allocations for Police Colleges and Training Institutions, 2009–2013
	Other Pay and Benefits Issues Affecting the Force
	A Tarnished Image
	Figure 15.2 Drivers of Police Corruption in Nigeria
	Inadequate Training
	Entry Qualifications
	Workforce and Equipment
	Secondary Institutional and Technical Issues
	The Police Act: Unfit for Purpose?
	Conclusion: Fixing a Broken Police Force
	Notes
Bibliography
Index
About the Book
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