Place matters: criminology for the twenty-first century

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title page......Page 5
Copyright information......Page 6
Table of contents......Page 7
List of figures......Page 9
List of tables......Page 13
List of contributors......Page 15
Preface......Page 19
1 Crime Places within Criminological Thought......Page 25
 Is the Study of Crime and Place ‘‘Criminological’’?......Page 29
 At What Specific Unit of Geography?......Page 32
 What Is New in the Study of Crime at Place?......Page 35
 What Follows?......Page 38
 Place and Space......Page 40
 Crime Concentrations at Places......Page 41
 A Law of Crime Concentration at Places......Page 46
 Does the Law of Crime Concentration Apply Across Time?......Page 49
 The Implications of Crime Concentrations......Page 51
 The Coupling of Crime to Place......Page 53
  Are Hot Spots Concentrated within a City?......Page 54
 Microgeographic Places and Spatial Interaction Effects......Page 58
  The Importance of Distinguishing between Site and Situation......Page 60
 Conclusions......Page 65
 Processes That Create Crime Places......Page 66
 Two Theoretical Perspectives......Page 67
   How Do Offenders Choose When, Where, and How to Attack a Specific Target?......Page 68
  Place Management and Crime Opportunity......Page 70
  Social Disorganization Perspectives on High-Crime Places......Page 74
 Opportunity Mechanisms......Page 78
  More Residential Instability, More Crime.......Page 82
  More Disorder, More Crime.......Page 83
 Applying Social Disorganization to Places......Page 84
  Context-Specific Explanations......Page 85
   Management-Created Informal Social Control.......Page 89
   Business-to-Business Networks.......Page 90
 Conclusions......Page 91
 The Growing Role of Microgeographic Places in Traditional Theorizing of Criminality......Page 92
  Psychology and Place......Page 95
   Behavior Settings.......Page 96
   Cognitive Mapping.......Page 97
  Public Health and Place......Page 99
   Prevention Perspective from Public Health.......Page 102
  Economics and Place......Page 103
   Market Perspectives and the Study of Crime.......Page 104
 What Can Criminology Learn from Other Disciplines about Places in the Future?......Page 105
 Conclusions......Page 108
 The Importance of Theory in Developing Methods......Page 110
 The Importance of Methods......Page 112
  Policy......Page 113
 Evolution to Space......Page 114
 Spatial Autocorrelation......Page 116
 What Is the Appropriate Cone of Resolution?......Page 117
 The Development of New Geographies......Page 119
 Innovative Data Applications of GIS......Page 120
  Three-Dimensional Data in GIS......Page 122
  CCTV Camera Viewsheds......Page 124
 Crime Hot Spots......Page 125
  Spatiotemporal Hotspots......Page 126
 Predictive Techniques......Page 128
 Computer Simulations......Page 132
 Operational Decision Making with New Geographies......Page 134
 Conclusions......Page 135
6 Reducing Crime at High-Crime Places: Practice and Evidence......Page 137
 Situational Crime Prevention at Places......Page 138
 Police Efforts to Control Crime Hot Spots......Page 139
  University of Maryland Report to the United States Congress (1997, 2002).......Page 142
  National Research Council’s Committee to Review Research on Police Policy and Practices (2004).......Page 143
  Campbell Collaboration Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Hot Spots Policing Programs.......Page 144
  Next Steps in Hot Spots Policing......Page 149
 The Importance of Place Managers and ‘‘Third Parties’’ in Controlling Crime Places......Page 151
  A Regulatory Approach to High-Crime Places......Page 154
 Community Corrections and Crime Places......Page 157
 Crime Displacement and Diffusion of Crime-Control Benefits......Page 159
 Conclusions......Page 162
7 Crime Places in the Criminological Imagination......Page 164
 The Law of Crime Concentration and the Future of Crime and Place Studies......Page 165
 Broadening Theoretical Development......Page 170
 The Importance of Intra- and Interdisciplinary Perspectives......Page 172
 The Importance of Advances in Data, Methods, and Statistics......Page 175
 Implementing Place-Based Crime Prevention in Practice......Page 177
 Conclusions......Page 182
 Chapter 3 Theories of Crime and Place......Page 183
 Chapter 6 Reducing Crime at High-Crime Places: Practice and Evidence......Page 184
Index......Page 221