Phonetics: The Science of Speech

Cover......Page 1
Half Title
......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Acknowledgements......Page 9
Introduction......Page 10
Introduction......Page 13
The vocal tract......Page 14
The respiratory system......Page 15
The laryngeal system......Page 17
The supralaryngeal system......Page 20
Monitoring speech......Page 22
Introduction......Page 27
Airstream mechanisms......Page 28
Phonation......Page 38
Introduction......Page 49
Consonant and vowel......Page 50
State of the velum......Page 53
Direction of airflow......Page 54
Force of articulation......Page 55
Prolongability......Page 56
Manner of articulation......Page 57
Place of articulation......Page 62
Three-term labels......Page 68
Stop production......Page 71
Fricatives......Page 83
Implosives......Page 89
Clicks......Page 91
Nasals......Page 94
Approximants......Page 96
Vowels......Page 100
Introduction......Page 112
The importance of prosodic aspects of speech......Page 113
Stress......Page 114
Length......Page 116
Syllable juncture......Page 118
Pitch......Page 119
Intonation......Page 122
Voice quality......Page 125
Rhythm......Page 128
Double articulations......Page 132
Secondary articulations......Page 134
Co-articulation......Page 137
Parametric phonetics......Page 142
A note on phonetic ability......Page 148
Terminology relating to transcription......Page 149
Phonemic and phonetic transcription......Page 150
Learning transcriptional skills: the contribution of auditory and articulatory phonetics and phonology......Page 152
The phoneme and phonemic analysis......Page 154
Do we store sounds as phonemes or allophones?......Page 156
Materials for learning phonetic transcription......Page 157
Introduction......Page 163
The acoustics of speech transmission......Page 164
Frequency and pitch......Page 168
Resonance......Page 169
Measuring Frequency
......Page 171
Detailed spectrographic properties of speech sounds......Page 173
Measuring pitch......Page 179
Acoustic aspects of connected speech......Page 182
Introduction......Page 187
The peripheral auditory system......Page 188
The internal auditory system......Page 191
Hearing impairment......Page 192
Models of speech perception......Page 195
Methods of psychoacoustic investigation......Page 200
Experimental procedures in psychoacoustics......Page 203
Acoustic cues in speech perception......Page 205
Conclusion......Page 208
Introduction......Page 210
Muscle control for speech......Page 211
Airflow in speech......Page 212
Phonation......Page 213
Velic action......Page 220
Articulation......Page 222
Tracking......Page 225
Imaging......Page 227
Conclusion......Page 232
Appendix 1: Phonetics charts......Page 234
Appendix 2: Languages cited in the text......Page 236
References......Page 242
Index......Page 246