Philanthropy: from Aristotle to Zuckerberg

Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Introduction
	can the rich save the world?
	the anthropology of gift-giving
	the donor, the recipient and wider society
	just who do philanthropists think they are?
	english philanthropy and beyond
Chapter 1: Two Visions of Philanthropy
	the greeks – philanthrôpía and honour
	the romans, aristotle, and the philanthropy of patronage
	the place of the poor in graeco-roman philanthropy
	the jews – giving in imitation of god
	philanthropy and the just society
	islam – philanthropy as social solidarity
	children of abraham
	Interview: Jonathan Sacks on Jewish philanthropy
Chapter 2: The Foundations of Western Philanthropy
	jesus the jew – and the jesus of the gospels
	st paul – jewish sensibility and hellenistic thinking
	the arrival of rich christians
	almsgiving and christian identity
	philanthropists as lovers of the poor
	is almsgiving redemptive?
	Interview: Jonathan Ruffer on Christianity and giving
Chapter 3: Medieval Charity
	the parish and its tithes
	the rise of the monasteries
	medieval islamic philanthropic institutions
	from ‘poverty of status’ to ‘poverty of ­possessions’ among medieval jews
	maimonides and the hierarchy of giving
	the twelfth-century renaissance – a new economy and a new theology
	reconciling medieval contradictions – gratian’s decretum
	the rights of the poor and the duty of the rich
	should the rich discriminate in their giving?
	rich and poor encompassed in a community of love
	Interview: Naser Haghamed on Islamic charity
Chapter 4: How the Black Death Changed Everything
	did medieval philanthropy work in practice?
	the impact of the doctrine of purgatory on giving
	how the black death corrupted relations between rich and poor
	the death of feudalism and the rise of the beggar
	the church loosens its grip on philanthropy
	guilds and confraternities
	from flagellation to philanthropy
	a new philanthropic institution – the monte di pietà
	the arrival of the shamefaced poor
	the philanthropic legacy of the middle ages
	Interview: John Studzinski on art, religion and philanthropy
Chapter 5: The Great Myth of the Reformation
	protestant propagandists
	new systems of poor relief
	the role of humanism
	the moral character of the poor
	the loss of the monasteries
	spin and statistics
	why the myth has persisted
	the truth about post-reformation philanthropy
	Interview: Rowan Williams on Christian philanthropy
Chapter 6: The Business of the State
	the beggar in tudor propaganda
	vagrants and the threat of insurrection
	the explosion in poverty
	humanism and a new politics
	first attempts at a poor law
	the dissolution of the monasteries
	unexampled savagery and civic persuasion
	philanthropy versus taxation
	the towns take over from the monasteries
	civic philanthropy and private giving
	the elizabethan poor law
	the legacy of tudor philanthropy
	Interview: David Sainsbury on philanthropy, business and government
Chapter 7: The Philanthropist as Activist
	the first english philanthropist
	the new philanthropy of the enlightenment
	william wilberforce and the philanthropist as ‘a man of feeling’
	reforming the poor
	philanthropy by subscription
	benevolence and the national interest
	the backlash against do-goodery
	the philosophers of free-market philanthropy
	socialism – a radical alternative to philanthropy
	Interview: Bob Geldof on philanthropic activism
Chapter 8: Victorian Virtues and Vices
	octavia hill and five-per-cent philanthropy
	robert owen and philanthropy without religion
	mixed motives and titus salt
	angela burdett-coutts and omnivorous victorian philanthropy
	science and punishment: the charity organisation society
	a new jewish philanthropy – frederic david mocatta
	quaker capitalism – how philanthropy changed business
	Interview: Trevor Pears on family philanthropy
Chapter 9: Survival of the Fattest
	the road to becoming the richest man in the world
	captains of industry or robber barons?
	social darwinism and the gospel of wealth
	andrew carnegie’s callous contradictions
	family man philanthropy
	philanthropy’s shift to the arts
	the rise of the philanthropic foundation
	Interview: Rajiv Shah on the philanthropy of foundations
Chapter 10: Cradle to Grave – Philanthropy and the Welfare State
	poor-to-poor philanthropy
	philanthropy’s partnership with the state
	volunteering – a great british tradition
	four models of philanthropy
	the philanthropic contradictions of thatcherism
	turning charities into agents of the state
	recovering the moral purpose of philanthropy
	finding a new balance
	Interview: Ian Linden on charity and the state
Chapter 11: The Staggering Successes of Philanthrocapitalism
	the rise of the philanthrocapitalist
	this is your life
	philanthrocapitalism versus corporate social responsibility
	lessons philanthropy must learn from business
	bill gates and the last realm untouched by capitalism
	how the rich choose their charity
	philanthropy that changes lives
	Interview: Richard Branson on entrepreneurial philanthropy
Chapter 12: The Serious Shortcomings of Philanthrocapitalism
	sesame street and metrics madness
	the philanthropist as dictator
	bill and melinda change their minds
	holding the super-rich accountable
	philanthropy and civil society
	Interview: Chris Oechsli on giving it all away
Chapter 13: Philanthropy Goes Global
	the sackler saga and reputation laundering
	massive giving in an age of inequality
	how bill gates became the world’s biggest philanthropist
	gates and the dream of global health
	can philanthrocapitalism really save the world?
	philanthropic arrogance
	philanthropic colonialism
	philanthropic contradictions
	bill gates learns the limits of technology
	Interview: Ngaire Woods on philanthropy, aid and the global economy
Chapter 14: Celebrity Philanthropy
	from audrey hepburn to angelina jolie
	the live aid dividend
	bob geldof – from charity to justice
	a call for bono – it’s the pope
	bob & bono – supping with the devil
	bono and fusion philanthropy
	‘rock stars, is there anything they don’t know?’
	Interview: Bob Geldof on philanthropy and political power
Chapter 15: Geeks Bearing Gifts – Philanthropy and Politics
	what was decided at the secret meeting of the world’s richest men
	when philanthropy is good for business
	george soros – why all philanthropy is political
	private money and public elections
	mayor bloomberg – business, politics and philanthropy
	fake news and activist cinema
	global warning – philanthropy and climate change
	how the koch brothers financed climate-change rejection
	barracking obama
	the koch kickback
	philanthropists for trump
	a decade of delivery – or disaster
	Interview: Patrick Gaspard on political philanthropy
Chapter 16: Is Philanthropy Bad for Democracy?
	philanthropy and power
	should the taxpayer subsidize philanthropy?
	the case for tax reform
	the dangers of plutocracy
	philanthropy and inequality
	why is philanthropy not narrowing the gap between rich and poor?
	philanthropy and justice
	‘just stop talking about philanthropy – and start talking about taxes’
	the magic porridge pot overflows
	the redemption of philanthropy
	how philanthropy can strengthen democracy
	Interview: Eliza Manningham-Buller on accountability
Chapter 17: Effective Altruism – What Could be Wrong with That?
	the geeks inherit the earth
	flexible giving – or tax scam?
	two ways forward for philanthropy
	the man who gave his kidney away
	‘why a banker is better than an aid worker’
	what’s wrong with effective altruism?
	effective altruists have second thoughts
	the follies of philosophy
	Interview: Lenny Henry and Kevin Cahill on public philanthropy
Chapter 18: How Philanthropy Can Recover its Lost Soul
	another way
	crowdfunding and the democratization of philanthropy
	the best of both worlds
	can philanthropy be both strategic and reciprocal?
	learning to listen – and listening to learn
	how much should you leave to your children?
	will the zuckerbergs learn the lessons of the past?
Epilogue: Philanthropy after the Pandemic
	from america first to china first
	the alternative – rethinking a better world order
Notes
	introduction (pages 1–17)
	chapter 1: two visions of philanthropy (pages 18–49)
	chapter 2: the foundations of western philanthropy (pages 50–78)
	chapter 3: medieval charity (pages 79–124)
	chapter 4: how the black death changed everything(pages 125–168)
	chapter 5: the great myth of the reformation (pages 169–199)
	chapter 6: the business of the state (pages 200–236)
	chapter 7: the philanthropist as activist (pages 237–283)
	chapter 8: victorian virtues and vices (pages 284–333)
	chapter 9: survival of the fattest (pages 334–374)
	chapter 10: cradle to grave: philanthropy and the welfare state (pages 375–413)
	chapter 11: the staggering success of philanthrocapitalism (pages 414–453)
	chapter 12: the serious shortcomings of philanthrocapitalism (pages 454–475)
	chapter 13: philanthropy goes global (pages 476–513)
	chapter 14: celebrity philanthropy (pages 514–546)
	chapter 15: geeks bearing gifts: philanthropy and politics(pages 547–605)
	chapter 16: is philanthropy bad for democracy? (pages 606–659)
	chapter 17: effective altruism – what could be wrong with that? (pages 660–705)
	chapter 18: how philanthropy can recover its lost soul (pages 706–734)
	epilogue - philanthropy after the pandemic (pages 735–743)
Sources
Further Reading
	general
	introduction
	chapter 1: two visions of philanthropy
	chapter 2: the foundations of western philanthropy
	chapter 3: medieval charity
	chapter 4: how the black death changed everything
	chapter 5: the great myth of the reformation
	chapter 6: the business of the state
	chapter 7: the philanthropist as activist
	chapter 8: victorian virtues and vices
	chapter 9: survival of the fattest
	chapter 10: cradle to grave: philanthropy and the welfare state
	chapter 11: the staggering successes of philanthrocapitalism
	chapter 12: the serious shortcomings of philanthrocapitalism
	chapter 13: philanthropy goes global
	chapter 14: celebrity philanthropy
	chapter 15: geeks bearing gifts: philanthropy and politics
	chapter 16: is philanthropy bad for democracy?
	chapter 17: effective altruism – what could be wrong with that?
	chapter 18: how philanthropy can recover its lost soul
Picture Credits
	first set of illustration plates:
	second set of illustration plates:
Acknowledgements
Index