Pediatric cardiology : the essential pocket guide

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Tools to diagnose cardiac conditions in children
	History
		General principles of the cardiovascular history
		Chief complaint and/or presenting sign
	Physical examination
		Vital signs
		Cardiac examination
	Laboratory examination
		Electrocardiography
		Chest X-ray
		Pulse oximetry
		Blood counts
		Echocardiography
		Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI and MRA)
		Computed tomography
		Exercise testing
		Cardiac catheterization
	Additional reading
Chapter 2 Environmental and genetic conditions associated with heart disease in children
	Syndromes associated with maternal conditions
		Maternal diabetes mellitus
		Fetal alcohol syndrome
		Maternal HIV infection
		Maternal inflammatory (collagen vascular) disease
		Maternal phenylketonuria
		Maternal rubella infection
	Medications and other agents
		Retinoic acid
		Lithium
		Other drugs and environmental exposures
	Syndromes with gross chromosomal abnormalities
		Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
		Turner syndrome (45, X; Monosomy X)
		Trisomy 18 syndrome
		Trisomy 13 syndrome
	Syndromes with chromosomal abnormalities detectable by special cytogenetic techniques
		DiGeorge syndrome and velocardiofacial syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)
		Williams syndrome (Williams-Beuren syndrome)
	Other syndromes with familial occurrence
		Noonan syndrome and related conditions
		Limb/heart syndromes
	Clinical genetic evaluation
		Family history
		Genetic testing
	Additional reading
Chapter 3 Classification and physiology of congenital heart disease in children
	Pathophysiology
		Hemodynamic principles
		Pulmonary hypertension
	Clinical correlation
		Diagnosis
		Severity
		Etiology
Chapter 4 Anomalies with a left-to-right shunt in children
	Shunts at ventricular or great vessel level
	Ventricular septal defect
		Large ventricular septal defect
		Small or medium ventricular septal defects
	Patent ductus arteriosus
		History
		Physical examination
		Electrocardiogram
		Chest X-ray
		Natural history
		Echocardiogram
		Treatment
	Atrial septal defect
		History
		Physical examination
		Electrocardiogram
		Chest X-ray
		Natural history
		Echocardiogram
		Cardiac catheterization
		Operative considerations
	Atrioventricular septal defect
		History
		Physical examination
		Electrocardiogram
		Chest X-ray
		Natural history
		Echocardiogram
		Cardiac catheterization
		Operative considerations
Chapter 5 Conditions obstructing blood flow in children
	Coarctation of the aorta
		History
		Physical examination
		Electrocardiogram
		Chest X-ray
		Echocardiogram
		Cardiac catheterization and angiography
		Treatment
		Natural history
	Aortic stenosis
		Aortic valvar stenosis
		Discrete membranous subaortic stenosis
		Supravalvar aortic stenosis
	Pulmonary stenosis
		Valvar pulmonary stenosis
		Pulmonary stenosis secondary to dysplastic pulmonary valve
		Peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis
Chapter 6 Congenital heart disease with a right-to-left shunt in children
	Admixture lesions
		Complete transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA or d-TGV)
		Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC or TAPVR) (see Figure 6.4)
		Common arterial trunk (truncus arteriosus)
	Cyanosis and diminished pulmonary blood flow
		Tetralogy of Fallot
		Tetralogy "variants"
		Tricuspid atresia
		Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
		Ebstein's malformation of the tricuspid valve
Chapter 7 Unusual forms of congenital heart disease in children
	Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (I-TGV, I-TGA)
		Operative treatment
		Natural history
	Malposition of the heart
		Situs solitus
		Dextrocardia
		Levocardia
	Heterotaxy syndromes
		Asplenia syndrome (bilateral right-sidedness, right atrial isomerism, right atrial appendage isomerism)
		Polysplenia syndrome (bilateral left-sidedness, left atrial isomerism, left atrial appendage isomerism)
	Vascular ring
		Right aortic arch
		Double aortic arch
		Aberrant subclavian artery
	Vascular (pulmonary artery) sling
Chapter 8 Unique cardiac conditions in newborn infants
	Neonatal physiology
		Normal fetal circulation
		Transition to postnatal circulatory physiology
		Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
	Cardiac disease in neonates
		Hypoxia
		Congestive cardiac failure
Chapter 9 The cardiac conditions acquired during childhood
	Kawasaki disease
		Diagnosis
		Treatment
		Follow-up care
		Recurrent disease
		Coronary aneurysm
	Rheumatic fever
		Diagnosis
		Treatment
		Rheumatic fever prophylaxis ("secondary" prophylaxis)
		Prevention of acute rheumatic fever ("primary" prophylaxis)
		Long-term care
	Myocardial diseases
		Myocarditis
		Dilated cardiomyopathy
		Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM; idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, IHSS)
		Restrictive cardiomyopathy
	Myocardial involvement with systemic disease
		Glycogen storage disease, type II (Pompe disease)
		Hurler syndrome, Hunter syndrome, and other mucopolysaccharidoses
		Neuromuscular disease
		Tuberous sclerosis
		Management of myocardial diseases
	Infective endocarditis
		History
		Physical examination
		Laboratory findings
		Treatment
	Marfan syndrome
		Physical examination
		Electrocardiogram
		Chest X-ray
		Echocardiogram
		Treatment
	Mitral valve prolapse
		Physical examination
		Laboratory findings
		Treatment
	Pericarditis
		History and physical examination
		Electrocardiogram
		Chest X-ray
		Echocardiogram
		Treatment
	Additional reading
Chapter 10 Abnormalities of heart rate and conduction in children
	Alterations in cardiac rate
		Atrial and atrioventricular arrhythmias
		Junctional arrhythmias
		Ventricular arrhythmias
	Conduction disturbances
		Shortened atrioventricular conduction (pre-excitation syndromes)
		Prolonged atrioventricular conduction
	General principles of tachyarrhythmia diagnosis and management
		Initial clinical assessment
		Differential diagnosis and management in stable patients
		Long-term management
	Additional reading
Chapter 11 Congestive heart failure in infants and children
	Pathophysiology
		Mechanisms
		Clinical features
	Medical management
		Inotropes
		Diuretics
		Afterload reduction
		Beta-receptor antagonists
		Supportive measures
	Definitive diagnosis and management
		Circulatory support and cardiac transplantation
	Additional reading
Chapter 12 A healthy lifestyle and preventing heart disease in children
	Prevention for children with a normal heart
		Risk factors for adult-manifest cardiovascular disease
	Issues for children and young adults with heart disease
		General considerations
		Family counseling
	Additional reading and references
		General
		Diet
		Hyperlipidemia
		Obesity
		Tobacco
		Presports cardiovascular evaluation
		Altitude and air travel
		Endocarditis prevention
		Adults with congenital heart disease
Index