Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Gynecology

Contents......Page 5
Contributors......Page 7
Unique aspects of this book......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 12
Foreword......Page 13
Hugh Barber (1918–2006)......Page 14
Why there is a need for this book......Page 16
Why this book is different......Page 17
Evolving practice concepts......Page 18
Vaccination for human papilloma virus......Page 19
Education for life......Page 20
Personal observations......Page 21
Concerns associated with particular age groups......Page 23
References......Page 25
Further reading......Page 26
Evaluation of the Newborn......Page 27
Introduction......Page 29
Early development......Page 30
Evaluation, investigation, diagnosis, and management......Page 32
Further reading......Page 39
Diagnosis......Page 40
Clinical features......Page 43
Management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia......Page 46
References......Page 48
Turner syndrome: 45,X0......Page 51
46,XY gonadal dysgenesis......Page 55
Androgen insensitivity......Page 57
References......Page 65
The child......Page 68
The adolescent......Page 71
The young adult......Page 73
Acute deep unilateral labium majus abscess......Page 75
Vaginal discharge......Page 78
Indications for vaginoscopy......Page 79
Causes of vulvovaginitis......Page 80
Lichen sclerosus of the vulva......Page 87
Condylomata acuminata......Page 88
Herpes zoster......Page 90
Psoriasis......Page 91
Behc¸et syndrome......Page 92
Other factors......Page 93
General principles of management......Page 94
References......Page 95
Introduction......Page 96
Severe vaginal infections......Page 97
Prolapsed urethra presenting as vaginal bleeding......Page 98
Rare causes of vaginal bleeding......Page 99
Rare endocrine bleeding posing as nonendocrine bleeding......Page 100
Further reading......Page 101
Fetal ovarian cysts......Page 102
Ovarian cysts in infancy......Page 105
Ovarian cysts in childhood......Page 107
Surgical techniques in the management of ovarian cysts......Page 109
References......Page 110
Further reading......Page 111
Impact of age on the genital tissues......Page 112
Mechanisms and categories of female genital injury......Page 113
Management of external genital and vaginal injuries......Page 121
Sexual abuse of children......Page 122
Psychologic factors associated with genital injuries......Page 123
References......Page 124
Definition......Page 126
Clinical presentations......Page 127
Clinical evaluation......Page 128
Management......Page 133
Further reading......Page 137
Female and male sexual anlages......Page 139
The physiology of adolescent female sexuality......Page 140
Parental involvement......Page 141
First pelvic examination......Page 142
Now in your care......Page 143
Coitarche......Page 144
Further reading......Page 145
Specifi gynecologic problems......Page 146
Further reading......Page 148
Developmental stages......Page 149
The medical interview......Page 150
Initial gynecology exam......Page 151
Sexually transmitted infections......Page 152
Pregnancy......Page 153
Further reading......Page 154
Websites......Page 155
PubertyinGirls......Page 156
References......Page 159
Summary of events in normal pubertal maturation......Page 160
Laboratory evaluation......Page 163
References......Page 164
Physiologic etiologies......Page 165
Ovary/peripheral/hypergonadotropic hypogonadism......Page 166
Hypothalamus/hypogonadotropic hypogonadism......Page 167
Other......Page 168
Evaluation......Page 169
Treatment......Page 171
References......Page 172
Normal pubertal development......Page 174
Early pubertal development......Page 176
Precocious puberty......Page 177
Treatment of underlying abnormalities of precocious puberty......Page 181
References......Page 183
History and pathophysiology......Page 186
Management......Page 187
Chronic pelvic pain......Page 189
Endometriosis......Page 192
Conclusion......Page 204
References......Page 205
The multidisciplinary model......Page 209
Specifi therapeutic modalities......Page 210
Common conditions and specifi therapies......Page 214
References......Page 216
Pathophysiology......Page 219
Evaluation......Page 220
Offic management for mild cases......Page 221
Hospitalization......Page 222
History......Page 225
Laboratory evaluation......Page 226
General management......Page 227
References......Page 228
Diagnosis......Page 230
Management plan and emotional support of patient......Page 233
Vaginal dilation......Page 234
Menstruating uterus without a vagina......Page 236
Personal approach to the McIndoe procedure......Page 237
Personal reflection on the McIndoe procedure......Page 243
References......Page 244
The fin eponymf syndrome......Page 246
Longitudinal vaginal septum......Page 249
Imperforate hymen......Page 250
Microperforate hymen......Page 252
Complete transverse vaginal septum......Page 253
Polyps of the hymen......Page 254
Differential diagnosis......Page 255
Prepubertal unilateral brous hyperplasia of the labium majus......Page 257
Inverted nipples......Page 259
References......Page 260
Instrumentation......Page 261
Anesthesia and pain management......Page 262
Laparoscopic procedures in the pediatric and adolescent patient......Page 263
References......Page 269
Early breast development......Page 271
Developmental anomalies......Page 273
Breast masses......Page 274
References......Page 278
United States adolescent birth rates......Page 280
Contraceptive failure rates......Page 283
Contraceptive choices......Page 284
Conclusion......Page 307
References......Page 308
Introduction......Page 314
The male condom......Page 315
Combined oral contraceptives......Page 316
Vaginal sponge......Page 317
Legal and ethical aspects of abortion in adolescence......Page 318
References......Page 320
Reproductive performance and bone changes in immature mammals......Page 323
Changing pelvic architecture and capacity in puberty......Page 324
Labor in the adolescent......Page 326
Obstetric management considerations......Page 329
References......Page 330
Challenges and opportunities of the polycystic ovary syndrome......Page 331
Clinical definitio and diagnosis......Page 332
Differential diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents......Page 334
A comprehensive model of PCOS......Page 335
Management of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome......Page 345
References......Page 351
Appendicitis and the assessment of peritonitis......Page 355
Intussusception......Page 357
Constipation......Page 358
Adnexal torsion......Page 359
References......Page 361
Introduction......Page 362
Early pregnancy complications......Page 363
Pelvic inflammator disease......Page 368
Ovarian torsion......Page 371
References......Page 372
Infectious disorders......Page 373
Ulcerations......Page 374
Dermatologic disorders......Page 376
Urethral disorders......Page 379
Tumors......Page 380
References......Page 383
Introduction......Page 384
Eczematous diseases......Page 385
Erosive, blistering, and scarring diseases......Page 387
Infections and infestations......Page 390
Further reading......Page 394
Epidemiology......Page 395
Evaluation......Page 398
Management......Page 400
References......Page 403
Ovarian tumors......Page 405
Clear cell cervical/vaginal cancer......Page 410
References......Page 411
Human papillomavirus......Page 412
Epidemiology and pathogenesis of HPV infection......Page 413
Human papillomavirus transmission......Page 414
Cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer......Page 415
Bethesda classificatio and screening guidelines......Page 416
Management of abnormal cervical cytology in adolescents......Page 417
Prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccine......Page 418
References......Page 421
Further reading and Internet resources......Page 422
Infection......Page 423
Therapy......Page 424
Herpes in pregnancy......Page 425
References......Page 427
Further reading......Page 428
What is the the burden of sexually transmitted infections in the United States?......Page 430
Can you recognize and treat the common sexually transmitted syndromes?......Page 431
Prevention of sexually transmitted infections......Page 438
Further reading......Page 441
Congenital abnormalities......Page 442
Etiologies of pelvic pain......Page 448
Pelvic neoplasms......Page 451
Further reading......Page 458
Gynecologic malignancy......Page 460
Fertility options......Page 461
References......Page 463
Where Law and Medicine Meet......Page 464
Consent......Page 468
Protecting minors’ health information privacy......Page 470
Conclusion......Page 471
Precursors of cervical cancer......Page 472
Human papilloma virus (HPV)......Page 473
HPV infection in adolescents......Page 474
References......Page 476
Absence of ovulation (anovulatory cycles)......Page 477
Iatrogenic hormonal effects on the endometrium......Page 478
Conclusion......Page 480
References......Page 481
Epithelial ovarian tumors......Page 482
Germ cell ovarian tumors......Page 483
Ovarian sex cord tumors......Page 486
Further reading......Page 488
Classification epidemiology and pathogenesis of trophoblastic diseases......Page 489
Clinical and pathologic aspects of gestational trophoblastic diseases......Page 490
Conclusion......Page 493
Further reading......Page 494
Histopathology......Page 495
Further reading......Page 496
Corpus luteum cysts......Page 497
Further reading......Page 498
The History of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology in the United States......Page 499
North American Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology......Page 500
Further reading......Page 501
A History of the International Federation of Infantile and Juvenile Gynecology (FIGIJ)......Page 502
Index......Page 507