Pandemnomics: The Pandemic's Lasting Economic Effects

Foreword by Marc Willinger
Foreword by Ronald M. Harstad
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I Pandemic and Public Economy
1 Evaluation for COVID-19 Outbreak Public Policies in the World Within the Scope of Global Public Goods (GPGs)
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Global Public Goods
	1.3 Global Public Bads
	1.4 Global Fiscal Policies Implemented Within the Scope of Fight Against COVID-19, a Global Public Bad
	1.5 Conclusion
	References
2 Global Outbreaks from a Historical Perspective and Fiscal Policy: An Analysis for COVID-19 Outbreak
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Global Outbreaks from an Historical Perspective
	2.3 Epidemic Diseases in Primeval Era
		2.3.1 Three Plague Outbreaks and Financial Practices
		2.3.2 Justinian Plague Outbreak and Financial Practices
		2.3.3 Black Death Epidemic Period and Financial Practices
		2.3.4 Modern Plague Outbreak and Financial Practices
	2.4 Epidemics and Financial Practices from the Twentieth Century to Today
		2.4.1 Spanish Flu (1918–1919) and Financial Practices
		2.4.2 HIV/AIDS Virus (1981– …) and Response Through Financial Policy Instruments
	2.5 Corona Virus-Based Millennium Outbreaks and Intervention Through Fiscal Policy Instruments
	2.6 Epidemics Before COVID-19 and Intervention Through Fiscal Policy Instruments
	2.7 COVID-19 Pandemic and Intervention Through Fiscal Policy Instruments
	2.8 Conclusion
	References
3 Increasing Public Expenditures Due to COVID-19 Pandemic Crisis: An Assessment According to Peacock-Wiseman Hypothesis
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 The Concept of Public Expenditure
		3.2.1 Public Expenditures in a Historical Perspective
		3.2.2 Economic Crisis and Public Expenditures
		3.2.3 Relation Between COVID-19 Epidemic Crisis and Public Expenditures
	3.3 An Assessment of Pandemic Expenditures in the Context of Peacock-Wiseman Displacement Hypothesis
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
4 Internal Audit in Times of Crisis:  The Case of COVID-19
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Conceptual Framework of Crisis and Crisis Management
	4.3 Crisis Management
	4.4 Role of Internal Audit in Crisis
	4.5 Duties of Internal Auditors in Pre-crisis Period
	4.6 Duties of Internal Auditors in Times of Crisis
	4.7 Duties of the Internal Auditors in Post-crisis Period
	4.8 Conclusion
	References
Part II Pandemic in Turkish Economy
5 Financial Measures Taken in Turkey and Selected Countries in Combatting COVID-19 Outbreak
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 COVID-19 Turning into a Pandemic
		5.2.1 Outbreak of COVID-19
		5.2.2 Global Dimension of COVID-19
	5.3 Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak
		5.3.1 Global Economic Impact of the Pandemic
		5.3.2 Economic Impact of the Pandemic on Turkey
	5.4 Financial Measures Taken Against the Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected Countries and Turkey
		5.4.1 The USA
		5.4.2 Brazil
		5.4.3 The UK
		5.4.4 Italy
		5.4.5 Russia
		5.4.6 Turkey
	5.5 Conclusion
	References
6 Public Transfer Expenditures in Combatting the Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic: Turkey Case and Policy Suggestions
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Transfer Expenditures and Their Economic Impact
	6.3 Economic Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic and Transfer Expenditures
	6.4 Macroeconomic and Sectoral Effects of COVID-19 in Turkey
	6.5 Transfer Expenditures Measures Taken Against COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey
	6.6 Policy Suggestions Against Economic Impact of Pandemic
	6.7 Conclusion
	References
7 Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Tax Perception: An Empirical Study
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Conceptual Overview of Tax Compliance and Tax Perception
	7.3 Literature Overview
	7.4 Methodology
		7.4.1 Challenges Encountered Throughout the Study
		7.4.2 Findings of the Study and Evaluation of the Results
		7.4.3 Evaluation of General Findings and Results
	7.5 Evaluation of Findings and Results Differentiated According to Demographic Variables
	7.6 Conclusion
	References
8 COVID-19 Outbreak and Budget Management: An Assessment for Turkey Within the Framework of Selected Country Examples
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Outlook of the Pandemic and Necessity of a Public Intervention
	8.3 Economic Trend of the Epidemic: The Necessity of Managing Expectations
		8.3.1 Economic Impact of the Epidemic
		8.3.2 Combatting Economic Impact of the Epidemic
	8.4 Evaluation
		8.4.1 In Terms of Legal Infrastructure of Budget Management
		8.4.2 In Terms of the Content of Budgetary Measures
		8.4.3 In Terms of Transparency of Budgetary Measures
	8.5 In Terms of Budget Performance and Its Macroeconomic Results
		8.5.1 Evaluation on Confidence Indexes
		8.5.2 Evaluations on Credit Usage Rates and Tourism Data
		8.5.3 Evaluations on Public Balances
		8.5.4 Managing the Risks
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
Part III Pandemic and New Financial Trends
9 Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Robot Employment and Digitalization in Employment
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Industrial Revolutions and Robots
	9.3 Place of Robots in Employment and Their Development
	9.4 Economic Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak
	9.5 Robot Tax
	9.6 Conclusion
	References
10 Liquidity Steps: Policy Actions Taken by Central Banks During Coronavirus Pandemic
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Fed: The Flagship
	10.3 ECB: The Roof of Europe
	10.4 PBoC: Country Where the Virus First Emerged
	10.5 BoJ: Center of Unusual Methods
	10.6 BoE, Coming Down with the Pandemic While in Brexit Pincer
	10.7 CBRT, at the Center of Actions
	10.8 Conclusion
	References
11 The Effect of COVID-19 on Electronic Currencies as They Become Common Payment Methods
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Money from the Perspectives of Various Philosophers
	11.3 Journey of Money from Its Brief History to Internet
		11.3.1 The Order Before Money
		11.3.2 Commodity (Good) Money and Shifting to Paper Money
		11.3.3 Electronic-Digital-Virtual Confusion and Plastic Period
	11.4 New Catalyst in Financial Transformation: COVID-19
		11.4.1 Digital Transformation
		11.4.2 Modern Payment Systems
		11.4.3 COVID-19 Being Included in the Process
		11.4.4 Technological Competence
	11.5 Conclusion
	References
12 Health and Refugee Protection as a Global Public Good: Evaluation of COVID-19 in Terms of Refugees
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 General Framework of the Concept of GPG
		12.2.1 Health and Refugee Protection as GPGs
		12.2.2 Nature of COVID-19 Outbreak
		12.2.3 Refugees’ Conditions During COVID-19 Outbreak
	12.3 Conclusion
	References
13 Analysis of Selected Twitter Headers During the Pandemic Using Big Data Method
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 New Socialization and Setting the Agenda on Twitter
	13.3 Studies on the Literature
	13.4 Big Data and Following Twitter Agenda (1–31 May 2020)
		13.4.1 Research Results
		13.4.2 Method
		13.4.3 Preparing Data Set
	13.5 Data Pre-processing and Clearance
	13.6 Data Analysis
	13.7 Conclusion
	References
Discussion
Index