Others in Mind: Social Origins of Self-Consciousness

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
Jean-Paul Sartre on Baudelaire......Page 13
Basic premise......Page 14
Historical questions......Page 16
Basic philosophical controversies......Page 17
Internal versus external locus of the self......Page 19
Individual versus social origins of selfhood......Page 23
Basic predicament of the book......Page 26
1 Self-Conscious Species......Page 29
Fateful loop......Page 30
Poisoned gift......Page 31
Mother of all fears......Page 33
Basic need to affiliate......Page 35
The irreconcilable gap......Page 38
Pervasive narcissism......Page 40
Fascination and terror of self-recognition......Page 41
The humanity question......Page 43
\"Cogitamus, ergo sum\" – we think, therefore i am......Page 47
Social constructionist approach......Page 49
The propositions......Page 50
Recap of the proposed theory......Page 54
3 Varieties of Self-Reflective Mind State......Page 55
1. Non-Consciousness......Page 56
2. Unconsciousness......Page 57
3. Awareness......Page 58
4. Co-Awareness......Page 61
5. Consciousness......Page 62
6. Co-Consciousness......Page 65
Dynamic of mind states......Page 68
4 Mind States in Development......Page 73
born too soon......Page 74
Are newborns aware?......Page 75
Can newborns be unconscious?......Page 76
Are newborns co-aware?......Page 77
Two-month revolution......Page 80
Contemplative stance by two months......Page 81
Confidence, mastery, and trust beyond two months......Page 83
Birth of consciousness......Page 85
Birth of co-consciousness......Page 90
5 Birth of Self-Consciousness......Page 98
Self-conscious emotions in development......Page 99
Level 1: Differentiation......Page 101
Level 3: Identification......Page 102
Level 5: Self-Consciousness or \"Meta\" Self-Knowledge......Page 104
Self-world differentiation at birth......Page 105
Situated self from two months of age......Page 106
The birth of \"me\" by the second year......Page 108
The birth of me extending over time......Page 110
Others in mind: evaluative and metacognitive self-knowledge self-knowledge......Page 112
Self-knowledge as informed by early development......Page 114
6 Shame and Self-Knowledge......Page 117
Generalized phobia of public exposure......Page 119
The feeling of social rejection......Page 122
Feelings, affects, and emotions defined......Page 123
The emotion of shame......Page 124
The derivatives of shame: contempt, empathy, and pride......Page 125
Human shame and embarrassment......Page 128
7 The Roots of Guilt......Page 130
Primacy of nonevaluative emotions......Page 131
Enter evaluative emotions......Page 132
Shame versus guilt......Page 135
Summary......Page 140
External memory of exchanges......Page 142
Gift system......Page 143
Archaic money......Page 147
The social value of debt......Page 150
Trust and promise......Page 151
Envy and jealousy......Page 154
The sense of entitlement and ownership......Page 157
Homo negotiatus......Page 161
Fairness and perfect sharing......Page 163
First claim of ownership......Page 167
Origins of ownership and sharing......Page 171
Step 1 (Birth to Two Months)......Page 172
Step 2 (Three to Nine Months Approximately)......Page 175
Step 3 (Nine Months and Up)......Page 177
Affective binding and transitional object......Page 178
Empathy and sympathy......Page 181
Active sharing in development and across cultures......Page 187
Equity in sharing......Page 192
Negotiation as source of self-consciousness......Page 194
Negotiation and theories of mind......Page 197
10 Social Construction of Identity......Page 203
Conundrum about self-consciousness......Page 204
Dynamic re-presentations and approximations......Page 205
Dr./mr. jekyll-hyde......Page 207
What is a person?......Page 210
Personhood as a process rather than a product......Page 213
Cloudy self......Page 214
A heart made of abundance......Page 216
Human dissociation......Page 220
Privileged self-exploration in traveling......Page 222
Social construction of self-identity......Page 223
Conclusion: Moral Space and the Self......Page 225
Self-consciousness and norms......Page 226
Idealized self and the fear of rejection......Page 230
Human struggle for recognition......Page 233
Self-consciousness and authenticity......Page 236
Postscript note: power to the individual and associated panic......Page 241
References......Page 247
Index......Page 255