Optical Engineering Fundamentals

Contents......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Introduction......Page 15
2.2 Ancient History......Page 19
2.3 Medieval Optics......Page 20
2.4 From 1600 to the 1900s......Page 22
2.5 Speed of Light......Page 25
2.6 Modern Optical Engineering......Page 27
2.7 Case History: Optics in the United States......Page 30
2.8 The Hubble Space Telescope......Page 33
2.9 Review and Summary......Page 34
3.2 Understanding Light......Page 35
3.3 Velocity, Wavelength, and Frequency......Page 38
3.4 Wavefronts and Light Rays......Page 41
3.5 Light Sources......Page 42
3.6 Behavior of Light Rays......Page 44
3.7 Refraction......Page 49
3.8 Refraction by a Lens......Page 51
3.9 Dispersion and Color......Page 53
3.10 Diffraction of Light......Page 54
3.11 Review and Summary......Page 55
4.2 Properties of a Thin Lens......Page 61
4.3 Aperture Stop, Entrance and Exit Pupils, and Field Stop......Page 63
4.4 Reference Coordinate System......Page 65
4.5 Thin-Lens Power......Page 66
4.6 Ray Trace of a Thin Lens (Object at Infinity)......Page 68
4.7 Ray Trace of a Thin Lens (Finite Object Distance)......Page 71
4.8 Rounding Off......Page 74
4.9 Thin-Lens Formulas......Page 75
4.10 Applications of Thin-Lens Theory......Page 78
4.11 Mock-up of the Thin-Lens System......Page 84
4.12 Review and Summary......Page 88
5.2 Historical Perspective......Page 91
5.3 OSLO Optical Design Software Package......Page 94
5.4 Introduction to Computer Design Using OSLO......Page 95
5.5 Laser Transmitting System......Page 98
5.6 Instrument Design and Analysis......Page 103
5.7 Magnification Analysis......Page 107
5.8 Design of a Noncatalog System......Page 110
5.9 Review and Summary......Page 114
6.2 Spot Diagram, Radial Energy Distribution, and Modulation Transfer Function......Page 117
6.3 Spherical Aberration......Page 119
6.4 Coma......Page 121
6.5 Field Curvature......Page 122
6.6 Astigmatism......Page 124
6.7 Distortion......Page 126
6.8 Axial Color......Page 127
6.10 Aberration Curves......Page 131
6.11 Point-Spread Function Analysis......Page 133
6.12 Review and Summary......Page 134
7.2 Lens......Page 137
7.2.1 Typical lens application......Page 138
7.3 Mirror......Page 144
7.4 Prisms......Page 153
7.5 Review and Summary......Page 158
8.2 Magnifier, or Loupe......Page 161
8.3 Eyepiece......Page 166
8.4 Microscope......Page 169
8.5 Telescope......Page 172
8.6 Binoculars......Page 177
8.7 Riflescope......Page 178
8.8 Surveying and Optical Tooling Instruments......Page 180
8.9 Periscope, Borescope, and Endoscope......Page 183
8.10 Review and Summary......Page 186
10.2 Structure of the Eye......Page 203
10.3 Resolution of the Eye......Page 206
10.4 Visual Instrument Design Considerations......Page 208
10.5 Visual Instrument Focus......Page 211
10.6 Visual Instrument Detailed Lens Design......Page 213
10.7 Review and Summary......Page 217
11.2 Lens Design Process......Page 219
11.3 10× Telescope Design......Page 220
11.4 Precision Collimator Lens Design......Page 223
11.5 Precision Imager Lens Design......Page 234
11.6 Unusual Lens Design Task......Page 240
11.7 Review and Summary......Page 244
12.2 Optical Illusions: Size......Page 245
12.3 Other Optical Illusions......Page 248
12.4 Seeing the Third Dimension......Page 249
12.5 Optics and the Compact Disk......Page 250
12.6 Optics and Projection TV......Page 251
12.7 Optics and Photography......Page 253
12.9 Review and Summary......Page 256
Basic Optical Engineering Library......Page 259
Optical Design Software Sources......Page 263
Secondary Sources......Page 265
Conversion Factors and Constants......Page 267
Measures and Equivalents......Page 269
System......Page 273
Using the Table......Page 275
System......Page 276
Image Illuminance......Page 277
Parabola......Page 279
Other Conic Sections and the Conic Constant......Page 280
Index......Page 283
About the Author......Page 292