Older Mexicans and Latinos in the United States: Where Worlds Meet

Foreword
Preface: Where Worlds Meet: Growing Older in Mexico and Aging Latinos in the United States (6th Edition). Springer Nature
	Organization of the Book
	Section Themes
	References
Contents
Part I: Introduction – Three Decades of Research
	Chapter 1: Aging and Health in the Americas: Past, Present and Future Research on the U.S. Hispanic and Mexican Populations
		Introduction
		Origin of the Investigation of Population Aging and Health
		The 1980s and the Establishment of Hispanic Ethnogerontology
		The 1990s and the Beginning of the Longitudinal Study of Mexican-American Elderly Health (the Hispanic EPESE)
		A New Focus
		The Conference Series on Aging in the Americas
		Healthful Aging: Risk and Resilience: Do Protective Factors Selectively Weaken in Later Life?
		Has Morbidity Been Compressed?
		Dementia Support: What Are the Institutional Responses?
		References
Part II: Cognition: Conceptual and Measurement Issues
	Chapter 2: Acculturation in Context: A Framework for Investigating Cognitive and Brain Aging in People of Hispanic and Latin American Descent
		Acculturation in Context: Framework Rationale
		Acculturation in Context: Framework Defined
		Acculturation in Context: Framework Applied
		Acculturation in Context: Framework Limitations and Future Directions
		References
	Chapter 3: Deconstructing Resilience in Cognitive Aging in Mexico and Latino Communities in the United States: Consensus Agenda Findings and Recommendations
		Cognitive Aging Trends in the U.S. and Mexico
		Healthy Aging and Types of Resilience
		2022 International Conference on Aging in the Americas
			Consensus-Building Session
		Results of Consensus-Building Activity
			Topic 1: Defining and Measuring Resilience
			Topic 2: Factors That Promote and Constrain Resilience
			Topic 3: Life Course Principles to Inform Efforts to Promote Resilience
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 4: Resilient Cognitive Aging in Latinx and Mexican American Populations
		Overview and Definition of Resilience
			Defining Resilience: Reserve, Resilience, Mental Agility
			Resilience in Latinx and Mexican American Populations
			The “Hispanic Paradox”
		Cognitive Impairment in the Hispanic Population
			Factors Contributing to the Cognitive Health Disparities Between Hispanics and Whites
				Socioeconomic Status
				Chronic Health Conditions
				Prolonged Stress
				Cognitive Testing Bias
			Cognitive Differences Among Hispanics
		Resilience Building Interventions
		Barriers to Implementation and Possible Solutions
		Unresolved Questions and Future Directions
		References
	Chapter 5: Contextualizing the Effects of Stress on Cognitive Health in U.S. Latinx Adults
		Introduction
		Stress and Cognitive Health
		Stress and Cognitive Health Outcomes in Latinx Adults: The Importance of Context
			Acculturative Stress and Cognition in Latinxs
			Ethnic Discrimination and Cognitive Function in Latinxs
		The Stress Process in Latinx Adults
			Cultural Differences in Stress Appraisal: A Source of Resiliency
		Methods and Results
			Are There Differential Effects of Chronic Versus Acculturative Stress on Cognitive Function in Latinx Adults?
			Is Ethnic Discrimination Associated with Cognitive Function in Latinx Adults of Mexican Origin?
			Are There Differences in the Stress Process Between Mexican-Origin and Non-Latinx White Adults?
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
Part III: Sociocultural Influences on Health
	Chapter 6: Alzheimer’s Disease Among Communities of Color: The Role of Place for Brain Health Equity
		Introduction
		Data and Methods
		Results
			Counties with the Highest and Lowest ADRD Burden Among Black Americans
				Demographic and Health Profile
				Modifiable Risk Factors
				Socioeconomic Profile
			Counties with the Highest and Lowest ADRD Burden among Latinos
				Demographic Characteristics
				Modifiable Risk Factors
				Socioeconomic Characteristics
			Counties with the Highest and Lowest ADRD Burden among Non-Latino Whites
				Demographic Characteristics
				Modifiable Risk Factors
				Socioeconomic Characteristics
		Discussion and Recommendations
			Recommendations
		References
	Chapter 7: Heritage, Birthplace, Age at Migration, and Education as Life Course Mechanisms Influencing Cognitive Aging Among Latinos
		Latino Heritage
			Cubans
			Mexicans
			Puerto Ricans
			Dominicans
			Central and South Americans
		Birthplace and Nativity
		Age at Migration
		Latino Heterogeneity in Education
		The Current Study
		Methods
			Data
			Measures
				Dependent Variable
				Independent Variables
			Analytic Strategy
		Results
			Latino Heritage and Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment
			Latino Heritage, Nativity, and Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment
			Latino Heritage, Nativity, Age at Migration, and Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment
			Latino Heritage, Nativity, Age at Migration, Education, and Self-Reported Cognitive Impairment
		Discussion
			(Dis)advantaged Aspects of Latinidad
			Education and Resilient Cognitive Aging
			Limitations
			Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 8: The Mediterranean and MIND Dietary Patterns: Associations with Cognition and Psychological Distress Among Latinos
		Introduction
		Materials and Methods
			Participants
			Cognitive Tasks
				Executive Functioning
				Working Memory
				Episodic Memory
			Psychological Distress
				Perceived Stress
				General Life Satisfaction
				Sadness
				Loneliness
			Mediterranean Diet
			MIND Diet
			Statistical Analysis
		Results
		Discussion
		Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Ethnicity, Migration and Healthful Aging
	Chapter 9: Impact of Comorbidity on Cognitive Function of Possible Vascular Origin
		Hypertension
		Diabetes
		Dyslipidemia
		Smoking
		Body Mass Index
		Physical Activity
		Depression
		Acute Myocardial Infarction
		Predictive Index of the Risk of Dementia of Vascular Etiology
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 10: Resilient Communities: Aging in Place
		Introduction
		Hispanic Community Characteristics and Aging Trends
		The Hispanic Enclave and Resilience
		The Hispanic Enclave and Health Outcomes
		Evidence-Based Culturally Tailored Programs to Prevent Chronic Diseases and Cancer in Hispanics
		Hispanic Caregiving
		Community-Based Services Funded by Medicare and Medicaid to Support Aging in Place
		Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 11: Impact of Ethnic Enclaves on Life-Space Mobility for the Oldest Mexican-Americans
		Introduction
		Methodology
			Sample and Data
			Measures
		Other Covariates
			Statistical Analysis
		Results
		Discussion
		References
	Chapter 12: Dementia Trends and Health-Care Access Among Older Latinx Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
		Introduction
		Methods
			Data
			Measures
				Dependent Variables
				Covariates
			Analysis
		Results
			Descriptive Results
			Linear Regression Results
		Discussion
		Appendix
		References
Part V: Policy and Health/Aging Policy in Mexico and the U.S.
	Chapter 13: Income Supplements and Subjective Life Expectancy for Low-Income Older Adults
		Introduction
		Literature Review
			Subjective Life Expectancy as a Predictor of Mortality
			Determinants of Subjective Life Expectancy
			Subjective Life Expectancy by Gender
		Methods
			Data
			Measures
		Statistical Analysis
		Results
			Baseline Characteristics
			Predictors of SLE
			Impact of Supplemental Income on SLE
		Discussion
		Limitations
		Implications
		Appendix
		References
	Chapter 14: Noncontributory Pensions as Human Rights in Mexico
		Security in Old Age as a Human Right
		Noncontributory Pensions: A Survival Floor
		Civil Society and a Growing Consciousness of the Rights of Older People
		Civil Society Organizations and the Rights of Older People
		Civil Society and Defamilisation
		A Perverse Possibility
		Reducing Informality
		References
	Chapter 15: Health Insurance Coverage and Forgoing Care in Mexico: The Role of Seguro Popular
		Introduction
		Evolution of Seguro Popular Enrollment
		Evolution of Health-Care Expenditures During Seguro Popular
		Effects of Seguro Popular on Health-Care Outcomes
		Affiliation in the Transition Phase
			Expansion of Health Insurance Coverage in Mexico and Trends in Forgoing Health Care
		Conclusion and Future Directions
		References
	Chapter 16: Health Equity and Aging in the Hispanic/Latino Population of the United States
		Introduction
		Pre-COVID-19 Environment
		Impact of the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic
		Approaches and Conclusion
		References