Non-Conventional Solvents. Volume 1: Ionic Liquids, Deep Eutectic Solvents, Crown Ethers, Fluorinated Solvents, Glycols and Glycerol

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Non-Conventional Solvents. Volume 1: Ionic Liquids, Deep Eutectic Solvents, Crown Ethers, Fluorinated Solvents, Glycols and Glycerol
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Foreword
A brief professional profile of Prof. Anil Kumar Singh
Contents
List of contributors
1. Synthesis of bio-active heterocycles using ionic liquids
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Synthesis of bioactive heterocycles
		1.2.1 Synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone and perhydropyrimidine derivative
		1.2.2 Synthesis of substituted furan derivative
		1.2.3 Synthesis of pyridine derivative
		1.2.4 Synthesis of indole derivative
		1.2.5 Synthesis of quinoline derivative
		1.2.6 Synthesis of pyrazole and imidazole derivative
		1.2.7 Synthesis of quinoxaline derivative
		1.2.8 Synthesis of thiochromone derivative
		1.2.9 Synthesis of phthalazine derivative
		1.2.10 Synthesis of benzodiazepine derivative
		1.2.11 Synthesis of benzoxazole, benzthiazole and benzimidazole derivative
	1.3 Conclusions
	References
2. Synthesis of oxygen and sulfur heterocycles mediated by ionic liquids
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 History of ionic liquids
	2.3 Importance of ionic liquids
	2.4 Synthesis (preparation) and properties of ILs
	2.5 Typical procedure to make imidazolium-based ILs
	2.6 Organic transformations leading to sulfur heterocycles – mediated by ILs
		2.6.1 Synthesis of thiophene derivatives
		2.6.2 Synthesis of tetrazoloquinolinyl-based thiazolidinones
		2.6.3 Synthesis of substituted thiophene derivatives
		2.6.4 Synthesis of benzothiazepines
		2.6.5 Synthesis of substituted benzothiazoles
		2.6.6 Synthesis of thiapyranopyrazoles
		2.6.7 Synthesis of benzothiazine-2-ones
		2.6.8 Synthesis of thiazoles
		2.6.9 Synthesis of thiazolidinones
		2.6.10 Synthesis of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles
		2.6.11 Synthesis of benzthiazoles
		2.6.12 Synthesis of thiazine-4-ones and thiapyran compounds
	2.7 Organic transformations leading to oxygen heterocycles – mediated by ILs
		2.7.1 Synthesis of epoxides
		2.7.2 Synthesis of dihydrofuran derivatives
		2.7.3 Synthesis of tetra-substituted furans
		2.7.4 Synthesis of butenolides
		2.7.5 Synthesis of hydroxymethyl-furfural
		2.7.6 Synthesis of interrupted Feist–Benary products and dihydrofurans
		2.7.7 Synthesis of 2,5-dihydrofurans
		2.7.8 Synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans
		2.7.9 Synthesis of benzofurans
		2.7.10 Synthesis of 4H-pyranderivatives
		2.7.11 Synthesis of cyclic carbonates
	2.8 Limitations in using ILs
	2.9 Conclusions
	References
3. Supported ionic liquids for advanced catalytic applications
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Supported ionic liquids catalysis
		3.2.1 Supported ionic liquids as support for other catalysts
		3.2.2 Supported ionic liquids as catalysts
	3.3 Conclusions
	References
4. Recent updates on chiral ionic liquid–mediated asymmetric organic synthesis
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Applications in asymmetric synthesis and catalysis
		4.2.1 Asymmetric reduction reactions
		4.2.2 Michael addition reaction
		4.2.3 Asymmetric aldol reaction
		4.2.4 Other important reactions
	4.3 Conclusions
	Abbreviations
	References
5. Deep eutectic solvent-mediated organic transformations
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Recent DES-mediated organic transformations
		5.2.1 DES-mediated formation of C–C bond through conjugate addition
		5.2.2 DES-mediated Negishi cross-coupling reaction
		5.2.3 DES-mediated aza-Michael addition reaction
		5.2.4 DES-mediated Groebke-Blackburne-Bienayme process
		5.2.5 DES-mediated Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction
		5.2.6 DES-mediated synthesis of N,N1-diaryl amidines
		5.2.7 DES-mediated bromination of anthra-9,10-quinones
		5.2.8 DES-mediated synthesis of 2-amino-4H-pyran derivatives
		5.2.9 DES-mediated preparation of CAPE
		5.2.10 DES-mediated oxidative Ugi reaction
		5.2.11 DES-mediated synthesis of 2,3-dihydroquinazolines
		5.2.12 DES-mediated epoxidation
		5.2.13 DES-mediated preparation of spiroquinazoline-4(3H) one derivatives
		5.2.14 DES-mediated azidation/click reaction
		5.2.15 DES-mediated preparation of tetrazole derivatives
		5.2.16 DES-mediated palladium-free Sonogashira-type cross-coupling
		5.2.17 DES-mediated synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines
		5.2.18 DES-mediated preparation of benzimidazole-based scaffolds
		5.2.19 DES-mediated Ullmann coupling
		5.2.20 DES-mediated preparation of N-acyl ureas
		5.2.21 DES-mediated preparation of sulfonamides from triarylbismuthines
		5.2.22 DES-mediated C–S bond formation reactions
		5.2.23 DES-mediated Ullman-type C–O bond formations
		5.2.24 DES-mediated synthesis of highly substituted pyridine compounds
		5.2.25 DES-mediated synthesis of substituted quinazolinones
		5.2.26 DES-mediated synthesis of 2,3,4-trisubstituted-1H-pyrroles
		5.2.27 DES-mediated oxidation reactions
		5.2.28 DES-mediated conversion of furfural
		5.2.29 DES-mediated synthesis of cyclic carbonates
		5.2.30 DES-mediated preparation of cyanohydrins
		5.2.31 DES-mediated preparation of pyridine-5-carbonitriles
		5.2.32 DES-mediated preparation of thiophene derivatives
		5.2.33 DES-mediated direct arylation
		5.2.34 DES-mediated preparation of primary amides
		5.2.35 DES-mediated isomerization of γ-alkynoic acids
		5.2.36 DES-mediated cyclo-isomerization/DA reaction
		5.2.37 DES-mediated synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles
		5.2.38 DES-mediated Biginelli reaction
	5.3 Conclusions
	References
6. Role of crown ethers as mediator in various chemical reactions
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Crown-ether-mediated chemical reactions
		6.2.1 Effect of crown ether on synthetic reactions
		6.2.2 Crown ether complexes
		6.2.3 Application of crown ethers in electrochemical reactions
	6.3 Conclusions
	References
7. Fluorinated alcohol-assisted preparation of functional and biologically active compounds
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Fluorinated alcohol-mediated synthetic transformations
		7.2.1 Fluorinated solvent-assisted oxidation reactions
		7.2.2 Fluorinated solvent-assisted electrophilic reactions
		7.2.3 Fluorinated solvent-assisted nucleophilic addition reaction
		7.2.4 Fluorinated solvent-assisted nucleophilic substitution reactions
		7.2.5 Fluorinated solvent-assisted cycloaddition reactions
		7.2.6 Fluorinated solvent-assisted C–H functionalization reaction
		7.2.7 Fluorinated solvent-assisted olefin metathesis
		7.2.8 Fluorinated alcohol-assisted multicomponent reactions
		7.2.9 Fluorinated alcohol-assisted synthesis of biologically potent heterocycles
	7.3 Conclusions
	References
8. PEG-assisted organic transformation
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Organic synthesis in PEG-400
		8.2.1 Metal-assisted organic synthesis in PEG-400
		8.2.2 Metal-free organic synthesis in PEG-400
	8.3 Organic transformation in other PEG variants
	8.4 Conclusions
	References
9. Glycerol-mediated organic transformation
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Catalyst-free reaction in glycerol
	9.3 Metal-catalyzed organic synthesis in glycerol
	9.4 Conclusions
	References
Index