New perspectives on historical Latin syntax

New Perspectives on Historical Latin Syntax, Volume 1: Syntax of the Sentence......Page 4
Acknowledgments......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Detailed contents......Page 10
List of abbreviations......Page 20
1. Background and methodology......Page 24
2. Historical syntax and Latin......Page 26
3. The functional-typological approach......Page 29
4. The diachronic dimension......Page 32
6. Volume 1......Page 36
References......Page 38
1. Introduction......Page 42
1.1 The “contemporary documents”......Page 44
1.2 The “replica documents”......Page 46
2. A sociolinguistic overview......Page 48
2.1 Diatopic differences......Page 49
2.2 Diastratic differences......Page 52
2.3 Diaphasic differences......Page 55
2.4 Diamesic differences......Page 60
3.1.1 The “contemporary” documentation......Page 62
3.1.2 The “replica” documentation......Page 64
3.2.1 The “contemporary” documentation......Page 66
3.2.2 The “replica” documentation......Page 67
3.3.1 The “contemporary” documentation......Page 69
3.3.2 The “replica” documentation......Page 70
3.4.1 The “contemporary” documentation......Page 73
3.4.2 The “replica” documentation......Page 74
3.5.1 The “contemporary” documentation......Page 76
3.5.2 The “replica” documentation......Page 77
References......Page 80
1.1 How extensive was the influence of Greek in Rome, and how important was Greek for Latin syntax?......Page 88
1.2 The distinction between complete and partial Graecism......Page 92
2.1.1 Nominative and vocative......Page 100
2.1.2 Genitive......Page 101
2.1.3 Dative......Page 119
2.1.4 Accusative......Page 130
2.2.1 Ille as a “quasi-article”......Page 137
2.2.2 Declarative clauses......Page 144
2.3 Other uses of the infinitive construction......Page 153
2.4 The participle......Page 159
3.1 General considerations......Page 166
3.2 Predicate noun attracted by the reference noun of the main clause......Page 179
4. Graecisms collected by Hofmann & Szantyr......Page 184
5. Graecism and style......Page 198
6. Conclusion......Page 199
References......Page 201
1. Semitic languages and Latin: language contact and translation......Page 218
1.1 Semitic-speaking communities in the Roman Empire......Page 219
1.2 Vetus Latina and Vulgata......Page 222
2. The nature of Semitic features in Latin syntax......Page 227
3.1 Nominativus pendens and casus pendens......Page 228
3.2 Absence of indeterminate subjects......Page 229
3.3 Concretized abstracts, countable uncountables, and singulars of Classical pluralia tantum......Page 230
3.4 The genitive in Biblical Latin......Page 231
3.6 Adjectival constructions......Page 232
4. Pronouns and demonstratives......Page 235
5. Adverbs and adverbial constructions......Page 237
6. Prepositions......Page 238
7.2 The participle......Page 241
7.3 Verbal tenses......Page 242
7.4 Latin non-finite verbal forms and the Hebrew infinitive......Page 243
7.5 Verbal circumlocutions and periphrases......Page 244
7.6 Special verbal complementation......Page 245
7.7 Causative constructions......Page 246
8.2 Causal ut......Page 247
8.3 Oaths and other special expressions......Page 249
9. Parataxis......Page 251
10. Word order......Page 252
References......Page 253
Brigitte L. M. Bauer: Word order......Page 264
1.1 Word order patterns and early typological studies......Page 265
1.2 The correlation of word order patterns and other linguistic phenomena......Page 269
2.1 Word order patterns in Proto-Indo-European......Page 273
2.2 Changes occurring in word order in Indo-European......Page 278
3. Word order patterns in Latin and their development......Page 279
3.1 The syntactic load of word order and its development......Page 280
3.1.1 The syntactic load of word order: preliminary conclusions......Page 294
3.2.1 Verb-initial clauses: syntactic vs. pragmatic motivation......Page 298
3.2.2 Cleft constructions......Page 305
3.2.3 Discontinuous constituents......Page 309
3.3 Interplay of suprasegmental features and word order......Page 316
3.3.1 A revised version of Wackernagel’s Law......Page 317
3.3.2 The Gesetz der wachsenden Glieder (Behaghel’s Law)......Page 322
4. Conclusion......Page 326
References......Page 329
1.1 The classes......Page 340
1.1.1 Connective particles......Page 341
1.1.2 Discourse markers......Page 342
1.1.3 Modalizers......Page 344
1.1.4 Focus markers......Page 346
1.1.5 Class interrelationship......Page 349
1.2.1 Synsemanticism......Page 350
1.2.2 Referential and particle usage......Page 352
1.2.3 Meaning and meanings......Page 357
1.3.1 Tests......Page 359
1.3.3 Class demarcation......Page 360
1.3.4 Word order......Page 361
1.3.6 Particles in sentence patterns......Page 362
2. Classified particle stock......Page 373
2.1.1 Derivation......Page 374
2.1.2 Flexion and adjunction......Page 376
2.2 Semantic background......Page 378
2.2.1 Functional mapping......Page 379
2.2.2 Semantic affinities and semantic shifts......Page 385
2.3.1 Derivation : function......Page 386
2.3.3 Semantics and function......Page 387
3.1 Indo-European particles......Page 389
3.2.1 Initially attested as particles......Page 395
3.2.2 Delexicalized......Page 396
3.3.2 Under Greek pressure......Page 401
4.1 Timelines......Page 402
4.1.4 Immo......Page 403
4.2.1 Archaic Latin: XII Tables, Livius Andronicus......Page 404
4.2.2 Early Latin: Ennius, Cato, Plautus, Terence......Page 405
4.2.3 Literary Classical Latin......Page 407
4.2.5 Romance......Page 413
4.3 Processes......Page 417
4.4 Varieties, differentiae......Page 422
4.4.1 nam, namque, enim......Page 423
4.4.2 Conclusiva......Page 424
4.4.4 Contra, autem......Page 425
4.4.6 Narrative discourse markers......Page 426
4.4.8 The modalizer profecto......Page 427
4.4.10 Demum......Page 428
5.1.1 Abundance and diversification......Page 429
5.1.3 Enclitic character......Page 430
5.1.4 Productivity and innovation......Page 431
5.1.5 Connection......Page 432
5.2.2 Connector–anaphoric pronoun collocations......Page 440
5.2.4 Modalizer–interjection collocations......Page 441
5.3.1 Grammar and illocution......Page 442
5.3.2 Textual structure......Page 445
5.3.3 Information structure......Page 447
6. Outlook......Page 452
References......Page 453
2. Theoretical preliminaries......Page 466
3. Types of coordination......Page 467
4.1 Overview......Page 469
4.2.1 Conditions for coordinating nominals......Page 470
4.2.2 Conditions for coordinating predicates......Page 473
4.2.3 Conditions for coordinating sentences......Page 474
5.1 Juxtaposition......Page 475
5.2.1 Sources for connectors......Page 477
5.2.2 Position of connectors......Page 478
5.3 Coordination patterns......Page 491
5.3.1 Closed (binary) coordination......Page 492
5.3.2 Open homogeneous coordination......Page 494
5.3.3 Open heterogeneous coordination......Page 498
6. Coordination and negation......Page 500
8. Summary. Review of the evolution of the Latin coordination system......Page 503
References......Page 507
H. Paul Brown, Brian D. Joseph, and Rex E. Wallace: Questions and answers......Page 512
1.1 Introduction......Page 515
1.1.1 Latin question prosody......Page 519
1.2.1 Wh-questions......Page 522
1.2.2 Polar questions......Page 525
1.2.3 Echo questions......Page 531
1.3 Indirect questions......Page 533
1.3.1 Indicative......Page 534
1.3.3 Mixed indicative and subjunctive......Page 535
1.3.4 Num......Page 536
2. Answers......Page 537
2.1.1 Affirmative echo responses......Page 538
2.1.3 Answers with the emphatic particles, including enimuero, uero, sane, immo......Page 539
3.1 Developments within Latin itself......Page 540
3.2 Comparative evidence within Italic: Toward Proto-Italic questions and answers......Page 543
3.2.1 Evidence from Oscan and Umbrian......Page 544
3.2.3 Remarks on the Proto-Indo-European situation to the extent it can be reconstructed with any confidence......Page 547
4. Conclusion......Page 550
References......Page 551
Subject index......Page 554
Index of classical references......Page 564