New Perspectives In Critical Data Studies: The Ambivalences Of Data Power

Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Images
List of Tables
New Perspectives in Critical Data Studies: The Ambivalences of Data Power—An Introduction
	Introduction
	Critical Data Studies as a Field: From Big Data to the Complexity of Digital Data and Data Infrastructures
	Perspectives in Critical Data Studies: The Ambivalences of Data Power
	References
Part I: Global Infrastructures and Local Invisibilities
	Data Power and Counter-power with Chinese Characteristics
		Introduction
		AI Superpower?
		Complex Reality Through Historical and Conflictive Lenses
		Chinese Data Power and Counter-power
		Conclusion
		References
	Transnational Networks of Influence: The Twitter Presence of the Quantified Self and Maker Movements’ Organizational Elites
		Introduction
		State of Research: The QS and Maker Movements’ Organisational Elites
		Methodological Approach: Contextualised Twitter Network Analysis
		QS Movement: A Network of Opinion Leaders
			The Transnational Network
			The National Context
		Maker: A Network of Heterogeneous Organisations
			The Transnational Network
			The National Context
		Conclusion
		References
	The Power of Data Science Ontogeny: Thick Data Studies on the Indian IT Skill Tutoring Microcosm
		Introduction
		An Overview of Technical Education, Higher Education, and Unemployability in India
		Methodology and Field Sites
		The Ameerpet IT Skill Hub: There Is a Skill Just Around the Corner
		The Coaching Micro Hubs of Kumbakonam
		Computer Coaching Centres
		Beyond Developing IT Skills to Employment
		Conclusion
		References
	Fighting the “System”: A Pilot Project on the Opacity of Algorithms in Political Communication
		Introduction
		Political Communication in the Age of Algorithms
		Research Objectives and Methodology
			Establishing and Feeding Control Accounts
			Creating Profiles and Feeding the Control Accounts
		Preliminary Findings
		Next Steps
		Conclusion
		References
	Indigenous Peoples, Data, and the Coloniality of Surveillance
		Introduction
		Colonialism and the Racialised Surveillance of Indigenous Peoples
		Surveilling and Managing Indigenous Deviance and Threat
		Colonial Surveillance in an Era of Big Data in Aotearoa NZ
		Māori Data Sovereignty: Resistance and Self-determination
		Conclusion
		References
Part II: State and Data Justice
	The Datafied Welfare State: A Perspective from the UK
		Introduction
		Matrix of Social Power and the Foundations of the British Welfare State
		The Datafication of Welfare in the UK
		Datafication as Responsibilisation
		Datafication as Rentierism
		Conclusion
		References
	The Value Dynamics of Data Capitalism: Cultural Production and Consumption in a Datafied World
		Introduction
		Value and Values
		Dynamics of Data Capitalism
		Relations Between Value Forms
		Conclusions
		References
	Mapping Data Justice as a Multidimensional Concept Through Feminist and Legal Perspectives
		Introduction
		“What’s in a Name?”—Data Justice as a Concept in Feminist and Legal Scholarship
			Feminist Accounts of Data Justice
			Legal Framework: Justice, Data, and the Challenges of Digitalisation
			Data Protection Law
			The Justice Aspects of Non-personal Data
		Expanding Data Justice Through Feminist and Legal Perspectives
			Feminist Avenues Towards Rethinking Data Justice
			Feminist Suggestions for IT-Design Towards Data Justice
			Legal Interventions for Data Justice in the Current Legal Framework
			Towards Operationalising Data Justice
		Potentials and Limitations of Integrating Feminist and Legal Perspectives for Data Justice in IT-Design
		References
	Reconfiguring Education Through Data: How Data Practices Reconfigure Teacher Professionalism and Curriculum
		Introduction
		Data Practices Reconfiguring Education
		Following the Social Life of Data in an English Secondary School
		Prioritising Pupils: The Data Drop Machinery
		Reconfiguring Access to and Delivery of the Curriculum
			An Algorithmic Triage Device Determining Curricular Access
			Disaggregating the Curriculum to Calculate ‘Progress’ Data
			Averaging ‘Progress’ Scores
			Reconfiguring the Possibilities of Qualification, Socialisation and Subjectification
		Reconfiguring Teachers’ Educational Knowledge and Judgements
			Excluding Professional Judgement
			Becoming a Data-orientated Teacher and School
			Standardising Judgement and Practice
		Conclusion: What Is Made to Matter and What Is Excluded from Mattering?
		References
	Public Values and Technological Change: Mapping how Municipalities Grapple with Data Ethics
		Introduction
		Method: Participatory Observation with DEDA
		Analysis: Moore’s Triangle Made Tangible
			Operational Capacities
			Authorising Environment
			Public Value Outcomes
		Conclusion
		References
	Welfare Data Society? Critical Evaluation of the Possibilities of Developing Data Infrastructure Literacy from User Data Workshops to Public Service Media
		Introduction
		Notions of Digital Literacy Based on User Data Workshops
		YLE Learning as a Content Provider for Digital and Data Infrastructure Literacy
		Conclusion
		References
Part III: Everyday Practices and Collective Action
	(Not) Safe to Use: Insecurities in Everyday Data Practices with Period-Tracking Apps
		Introduction
		Material and Methods
		Situating Period Trackers and Period Tracking
			Situating Period Trackers as Gendered Technology
			Resonances in Observing and Measuring Menstrual Cycles
		Motives, Benefits, and Promises of App-Based Period Tracking
			Reasons for Tracking Menstrual Cycles
			Benefits of Using an App
			The Promise of Data and Smart Algorithms: To Be on the Safe Side
		Critiques of Period Trackers’ Smartness: Two Safety Concerns or Data Insecurities
			Unwise Algorithms and Old Methods Repackaged
			Critical Dataflows of Intimate Data
		Negotiating Data Insecurities—Pitfalls, Lessons Learned, and New Competences
			Data Insecurities 1: Understanding Menstruating Bodies with and Through Data
			Data Insecurities 2: Sidestepping the Vague Privacy of Logged Data
		Conclusion
		References
	Community Rankings and Affective Discipline: The Case of Fandometrics
		Fan Data and Fandom Metrics
		Locating Community Rankings in Social Media and Audience Measurement
		Large and Loud…Without Sentiment
		Who Is Silenced?
		“Drown Them Out!” Industry-Encouraged Competition and Quantification Anxiety
		Leaving Metrics, Reclaiming Data
		References
	Affinity Spaces as an Analytical Lens for Attending to Temporality in Critical Data Studies: The Case of COVID-19-Related, Educational Twitter Communication
		Introduction
		Analysing Twitter in Times of Crisis
		The COVID-19 Pandemic and German Education in Context
		Case Study and Research Design
		#twlz as an Affinity Space
		Educational Technologies and Their Providers in #twlz
		The Quest for Dialogue with Political Actors
		Towards a Process View in Critical Data Studies
		References
	“Party like it’s December 31, 1983”: Supporting Data Literacy at CryptoParties
		Introduction
		From Media Literacy to Data Literacy
		Case Studies and Methods
		Supporting Data Literacy at CryptoParties
		Conclusion
		References
	Researching Public Trust in Datafication: Reflections on the Deliberative Citizen Jury as Method
		Introduction: Citizen Juries as Research Methods
		Public Perceptions of Datafication
		Our Citizen Jury Process
			Session 1: What Are Your Criteria for Trusted Interactions with Data-Driven Systems?
			Session 2: What Are Your Criteria for a Trusted Way of Managing Data?
			Section 3: What Are the Most Important Criteria for the Design of Ethical, Just and Trusted Data-Driven Systems?
		Reflections on Findings and on the Citizen Jury as Method for Researching Public Trust in Datafication
		References
	Worker Perspectives on Designs for a Crowdwork Co-operative
		Introduction
		Platform Co-operativism
		Moving Towards a Critical Design Epistemology
		Crowdworker Perspectives on Crowdwork Co-operatives
		Towards a Worker-Driven Design for a Crowdwork Co-operative
			Co-operative Values from the Workers’ Perspective
			Platform Infrastructure
			Payment
			Quality Control
			Decision Making and Governance
		A Prototype Software Architecture for a Crowdwork Co-operative
			Example of the Worker Seeking Role and Worker Role Views
		Conclusion: Towards a Crowdwork Co-operative Prototype?
		References
	Counting, Debunking, Making, Witnessing, Shielding: What Critical Data Studies Can Learn from Data Activism During the Pandemic
		Introduction
		Two Shifts of Data Power
		Data Activism as an Alternative to Dominant Data Power
		Data Activist Tactics During the COVID-19 Pandemic
			Counting
			Debunking
			Making
			Witnessing
			Shielding
		Data Activism Reloaded: Open Questions for the Post-pandemic World
		What Path for Critical Data Studies?
		References
Index