New Asylum Countries?:Migration Control and Refugee Protection in an Enlarged European Union (Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy in Europe, 4) (Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy in Europe, 4)

TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 6
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES......Page 17
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 20
INTRODUCTION......Page 22
1.I: The EU Accession Process......Page 26
1.II.A: Various Types of Deflection of Asylum Seekers......Page 31
1.ll.B: Deflection Policies with a Particular Impact on Central European States......Page 35
1.II.C: Shifting Responsibility and Creating Safe Third Countries......Page 37
1.lll.A: The Notion of a Safe Third Country......Page 38
1.lll.B: The Dublin Convention and EU Member States as Safe Third Countries......Page 40
1.lll.C: Harmonization and Safe Third Country Practices......Page 42
1.lll.D: Accession, Enlargement and Safe Third Country Practices......Page 46
1.IV: Reshuffling Protection Burdens......Page 49
2.I.A: Policy......Page 50
2.I.B: Practices......Page 52
2.I.C: Conclusion......Page 67
2.II.1 General Situation and Policy......Page 69
2.II.B: Changes in the Law......Page 83
2.II.C: Conclusions......Page 96
2.III.A: Transit or Destination State?......Page 99
2.III.B: Legislative Practices......Page 102
2.III.C: Conclusion......Page 113
2.IV.A: The Proliferation of Strategies and Counter-Strategies......Page 115
2.IV.B: Numbers......Page 116
2.IV.C: The New Orbiters......Page 117
3.I.A: Introduction......Page 121
3.I.B: Developments in Domestic Legislation......Page 122
3.I.C: Building a New Curtain......Page 131
3.I.D: Transposing the Acquis......Page 140
3.I.E: Austrian Policies Targeting Hungary......Page 153
3.II.A: Introduction: Notes on the History of Migratory Movements in Hungary......Page 159
3.II.B: Challenges Shaping Hungary's Role and Policy over the Last Decade......Page 161
3.II.C: The Challenge Posed by the EU......Page 179
3.II.D: The Practice in its Changing Form......Page 182
3.II.E: Conclusion......Page 218
3.Ill: Concluding Observations on the Southern Link......Page 221
4.I.A: Strategic Aspects of the Nordic–Baltic Relationship......Page 224
4.I.B: Political Self-Interests and Dependencies......Page 232
4.I.C: Cooperation and Coordination on Asylum and Migration Issues......Page 239
4.I.D: Protection vs. Exclusion as the Objective of Cooperation......Page 243
4.II.A: Factors which Prompted Establishment of Asylum Systems......Page 247
4.II.B: Legislative Practice: Balancing Refugee Protection against Exclusion......Page 252
4.II.C: Policy Strategies......Page 280
4.III.A: Factors which Prompted Establishment of the Asylum System......Page 288
4.III.B: Legislative Practice: Balancing Refugee Protection against Exclusion......Page 293
4.III.C: Capacity Building......Page 299
4.IV.A: Factors which Prompted the Establishment of Asylum Systems......Page 302
4.IV.B: Legislative Practices: Balancing Refugee Protection against Exclusion......Page 307
4.IV.C: Policy Strategies......Page 319
4.V: Concluding Observations on the Northern Link......Page 322
5.I: The Role of Burden-Sharing in the Enlargement Context......Page 326
5.I.A: The Objective of Burden-sharing......Page 327
5.I.B: The Scope of Burden-sharing......Page 328
5.II.A: Bosnia and Kosovo as Problem Indicators......Page 334
5.II.B: Standard-Setting and Regime-Building Efforts in the EU......Page 335
5.III.A: The Dublin Convention......Page 340
5.III.B: Safe Third Countries in the East......Page 342
5.IV: Conclusions......Page 345
6.I: Introduction......Page 346
6.II.A: New Areas of Jurisdiction in Title IV of the TEC; the Third Pillar Acquis in the Fields of Asylum and Refugee Law to be Implemented in the First Pillar......Page 349
6.II.B: Forms of Legal Action; Possibilities of Incorporating the Acquis to Date into Community Law......Page 357
6.II.D: Implications for Accession Candidates......Page 362
6.II.E: The Schengen Protocol; Incorporating the Schengen Acquis into Community or Union Law......Page 366
6.II.F: Issues of Transparency......Page 369
6.Ill: Résumé......Page 371
7.I: Introduction......Page 372
7.II.B: The Forces Driving Progress......Page 373
7.II.C: Some Problems Still to be Overcome......Page 374
7.II.D: Prevention of Illegal Migration and Refugee Protection......Page 375
7.III.B: The Prime Objectives of UNHCR in the CEBS......Page 377
7.III.C: UNHCR's Main Activities in the Region......Page 379
7.IV: EU Involvement in Institution and Capacity Building in the Central European and Baltic States......Page 380
7.V.A: UNHCR's View of the EU Harmonization Process......Page 381
7.V.C: The EU Acquis on Asylum and International Refugee Law Standards......Page 383
7.VI: Assessing the Results of UNHCR's Strategy......Page 387
7.VII.A: The Continued Momentum Created by EU Accession......Page 389
7.VII.B: Some Problems that may Persist......Page 391
7.VII.C: Future UNHCR Activities in the Region......Page 392
8.I: Introduction......Page 394
8.II: Migration and Asylum Policy in the West in the 1990s......Page 399
8.Ill: Factoring the Influences on Asylum Policy: the Accession Process in Context......Page 402
8.III.A: Chain Reactions: Readmission Agreements, 'Safe Third Country' Policies and the 'Closed Sack' Fear......Page 404
8.III.B: Transferring the Acquis and the Democratic Process......Page 412
8.IV: The Process of Accession......Page 417
8.V: The Tampere Summit and the Future of the Asylum Acquis......Page 420
8.VI: Transposing the Acquis......Page 423
8.VI.A: Manifestly Unfounded Claims......Page 424
8.VI.B: Minimum Guarantees for Asylum Procedures......Page 429
8.VI.C: Bifurcated Harmonization: Procedure Before Substance......Page 433
8.VI.D: Judicial Challenges to the Presumption of Equal Justice......Page 437
8.VII: Lessons Learned......Page 442
9 TRANSFORMATION OF ASYLUM IN EUROPE......Page 444
9.I: A Comparative Assessment of Migration Control and Refugee Protection in the Three Sub-regions......Page 445
9.II: The Phases of the Transformation of Asylum......Page 447
9.Ill: Asylum and Enlargement......Page 450
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 454
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS......Page 460
A......Page 464
B......Page 465
C......Page 466
D......Page 468
E......Page 470
F......Page 471
G......Page 472
I......Page 473
L......Page 474
O......Page 476
P......Page 477
R......Page 479
S......Page 480
T......Page 482
V......Page 483
Z......Page 484