Neuropsychology for Occupational Therapists: Cognition in Occupational Performance

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
Acknowledgements......Page 12
Part 1: Cognition and the Occupational Therapy Process......Page 14
The scope of cognitive rehabilitation......Page 16
Cognition, occupation and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health......Page 18
The ICF in relation to occupational therapy......Page 20
Applying theoretical frameworks......Page 24
Why are frameworks useful?......Page 25
Why an occupational therapy framework is important for effective rehabilitation......Page 26
Why knowledge of cognition is needed for analysing occupations, tasks and activities......Page 29
Putting knowledge and frameworks together......Page 30
Summary......Page 32
Introduction to assessment frameworks......Page 33
Initial assessment......Page 35
Making a start: initial interviews......Page 36
Making a start: initial observations......Page 37
Approaches to assessment: occupation or impairment focused?......Page 39
Ensuring that assessment is robust......Page 43
Which assessment when?......Page 45
Selecting the most suitable assessment......Page 46
Summary......Page 48
Teamworking......Page 49
Metacognition: insight and self-awareness......Page 51
Time course and pattern of recovery......Page 52
Performance objectives of occupational therapy......Page 53
The remedial approach......Page 55
Which approach, when?......Page 56
A third way – the functional approach......Page 57
Methods and techniques in cognitive rehabilitation......Page 58
Facilitators and barriers to learning......Page 59
Learning and behavioural methods......Page 60
Grading interventions......Page 65
Outcomes or effectiveness?......Page 66
Methods of evaluation......Page 67
Summary......Page 69
Part 2: Components and Disorders of Cognition......Page 72
What is cognition?......Page 74
Theories of perception......Page 75
Cognition in everyday function......Page 78
Models of processing in cognitive neuropsychology......Page 79
Computer modelling in cognitive science......Page 81
Brain imaging......Page 82
Overview of brain structure and function......Page 84
Cerebral hemispheres......Page 85
The cognitive system......Page 91
Summary......Page 93
5: Visual Perception, Recognition and Agnosia......Page 94
Early visual processing......Page 95
Visual object recognition......Page 100
What and where pathways......Page 103
Visual agnosia......Page 105
Face recognition......Page 107
Prosopagnosia......Page 110
Summary......Page 114
6: Spatial Abilities, Construction, Body Scheme and Finding the Way......Page 115
Visual acuity......Page 116
Visual field......Page 117
Eye movements......Page 119
Constructional skills......Page 121
Body scheme......Page 123
Body scheme disorders......Page 125
Finding the way......Page 126
Topographical disorientation......Page 128
Visuo-spatial agnosia......Page 129
Summary......Page 134
7: Attention and Unilateral Neglect......Page 135
Components of everyday attention......Page 136
Arousal and vigilance......Page 137
Selective attention......Page 138
Shifting attention......Page 141
Divided attention......Page 143
Attention systems......Page 144
Attention capacity......Page 145
Stimulus-driven and goal-directed attention......Page 146
Impairment of attention......Page 147
Unilateral neglect......Page 150
Fractionation of space......Page 151
Is neglect a disorder of attention?......Page 153
Summary......Page 159
8: Memory and Amnesia......Page 161
Working memory......Page 162
Long-term memory systems......Page 166
Procedural memory – how?......Page 167
Declarative memory – what?......Page 169
Prospective memory – when?......Page 170
Processes in memory......Page 172
Levels of processing......Page 173
Schema theory......Page 175
Impairment of long-term memory......Page 176
Amnesia......Page 178
Confabulation......Page 179
Summary......Page 182
Cognition and task performance......Page 185
Programmes for action......Page 188
Mental practice......Page 190
Neuroanatomical model......Page 191
Processing model......Page 194
Definitions......Page 196
Different types of apraxia......Page 197
Error types......Page 199
Summary......Page 205
10: Executive Functions......Page 207
What are the executive functions?......Page 208
Initiation and termination......Page 209
Goal setting......Page 210
Planning and organising......Page 211
Adaptation and flexibility......Page 212
Routine and non-routine behaviour......Page 215
Supervisory attention system......Page 216
Pre-frontal cortex......Page 217
Metacognition......Page 218
Dysexecutive syndrome......Page 219
Summary......Page 223
References......Page 226
Glossary......Page 236
Index......Page 246