Naval blockades peace and war

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 11
1. ECONOMIC WARFARE......Page 13
(a) To the Eighteenth Century......Page 18
(b) The Nineteenth Century......Page 20
(c) The Twentieth Century to World War I......Page 22
3. INTERNATIONAL LAW – THE TWENTIETH CENTURY......Page 26
4. THE SUBMARINE......Page 31
5. COUNTERVAILING POLICIES......Page 34
1. FRANCE VERSUS ENGLAND, SEVENTEENTH TO NINETEENTH CENTURY......Page 37
2. THE NATURE OF THE FRENCH BLOCKADE......Page 42
3. NAVAL AND MILITARY PRACTICES......Page 46
4. CHANGING POLICIES, 1809–1815......Page 47
5. FRENCH AND BRITISH TRADE......Page 49
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 65
2. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION......Page 68
3a From September 4, 1783, to the Embargo of 1808......Page 78
3b The Embargo: December 22, 1807, to March 4, 1809......Page 94
3c From the Embargo to War......Page 104
4a The Qualitative Story......Page 106
4b The Quantitative Story......Page 118
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 121
2(1). A Brief History of the Blockade......Page 123
2(2). The Blockade and International Law......Page 128
2(3). Cotton Exports: From Weapons to Cash: Southern Strategies......Page 135
2(4). The Failure of the King Cotton Strategy in Europe......Page 138
2(5). Blockade Runners: Firms and Profits......Page 142
2(6). The Blockaded Ports......Page 149
2(7). The Data: Exports and Imports......Page 155
3. THE QUANTITATIVE STORY......Page 161
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 171
2(1) The Initial Plans......Page 172
2(2) The Narrative Story......Page 175
3(1) The Allied Blockade of Germany......Page 218
3(2) The German Submarine Blockade of Britain......Page 226
4. INTERNATIONAL LAW REVISITED......Page 238
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 240
INTRODUCTION......Page 251
1. LESSONS FROM THE PAST: WORLD WAR I......Page 252
2. THE START OF WORLD WAR II......Page 255
3(1) Introduction......Page 258
3(2) The Strategic Background......Page 259
3(3) The Production Function (1): Technology, Capital, and Labor......Page 261
3(4) The Production Function (2a): Output, The Qualitative Story......Page 278
3(5) The Production Function (2b): Costs and Output,
the Quantitative Story......Page 298
4. SOME STILL UNANSWERED QUESTIONS......Page 328
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 333
2. SUBMARINE AND BLOCKADE STRATEGIES: OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE......Page 334
3. U.S. TECHNOLOGY: SUBMARINES, TORPEDOS, AND MINES......Page 349
4. THE QUANTITATIVE STORY: THE DATA......Page 353
5. THE JAPANESE ECONOMY IN WORLD WAR II......Page 376
6. THE QUALITATIVE STORY......Page 381
7. CONCLUSION......Page 389
1. BLOCKADES AND SANCTIONS......Page 395
2. PACIFIC BLOCKADES......Page 399
3. PEACETIME SANCTIONS......Page 402
4. SANCTIONS OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND THE UNITED NATIONS......Page 415
5. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SANCTIONS......Page 418
6. SANCTIONS BY THE UNITED NATIONS......Page 422
1. DEFINITIONS AND LAWS......Page 429
2. CHANGES IN TECHNOLOGY AND CHANGES IN BLOCKADES......Page 431
3. INTERNATIONAL LAW AND ORGANIZATION......Page 436
Conclusion......Page 439
Index......Page 441