Multidimensional Signals, Augmented Reality and Information Technologies: Proceedings of 3DWCAI 2023

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Part I Multidimensional Signal Processing
1 Design and Optimization of Steering-by-Wire System for FSAC Racing Car
	1.1 Introduction
		1.1.1 Status of Foreign Research
		1.1.2 Current Research Status in China
		1.1.3 Introduction to the Competition
	1.2 Selection of Mechanism
		1.2.1 Selection of Steering Motor
		1.2.2 Universal Joint Selection
		1.2.3 Steering Gear Selection
	1.3 Steering System Parameters Calculation
		1.3.1 The Calculation of the Maximum Steering Angle
		1.3.2 Calculation of Angular Gear Ratio
		1.3.3 Steering System Torque Transmission Ratio
		1.3.4 Calculation of Rack Travel and Trapezoidal Arm Length
		1.3.5 Determination of Steering System Calculation Load
		1.3.6 Selection of the Disconnected Point
	1.4 Optimized Design of the Steering Trapezoid
		1.4.1 Selection of the Steering Trapezoid
		1.4.2 Geometry Model of the Steering Trapezoid
		1.4.3 Selection of Ackermann Correction Factor
		1.4.4 Optimization of Steering Trapezoid Parameters
	1.5 Simulation and Optimization
		1.5.1 Finite Element Analysis
		1.5.2 ADAMS Car Virtual Prototyping Analysis
	1.6 Conclusion
	References
2 New Approach for Soil Moisture Prediction Based on Multiple Influencing Factors
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Data Source and Processing
		2.2.1 Study Area Description
		2.2.2 Data Processing
		2.2.3 Methods
	2.3 Model Preparation
		2.3.1 Impact Factor Prediction Model
		2.3.2 SSA-LSTM Model
		2.3.3 Model Evaluation Indicators
	2.4 Results and Analysis
		2.4.1 Impact Factor Prediction Model
		2.4.2 Soil Moisture Prediction Model
		2.4.3 Model Verification
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
3 Fuzzy PID Control of Brushless DC Motor Based on the Improved Bat Algorithm
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 BLDCM Control System
		3.2.1 Mathematical Model
		3.2.2 Simulation System
	3.3 Optimization of IBA
		3.3.1 Fuzzy PID Control
		3.3.2 Fuzzy Control Design
		3.3.3 Improvement of Bat Algorithm
	3.4 Results
	3.5 Conclusion
	References
4 Monocular Stereo Learning Based on Hybrid Attention Transformer
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Related Work
		4.2.1 Monocular Stereo Vision Networks
		4.2.2 Transformer
	4.3 Network Architecture
		4.3.1 Overall Network
		4.3.2 Mechanism of Attention
		4.3.3 Function of Loss
	4.4 Experiments
		4.4.1 Implementation Details
		4.4.2 Optical Flow
		4.4.3 Depth Prediction
		4.4.4 Ablation Study
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5 Prediction of Tool Remaining Useful Life of NC Machine Tool Based on DTW Algorithm and LSTM Neural Network
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 The Significance of Tool Remaining Useful Life Prediction
	5.3 Research Status of Tool Residual Service Life Prediction
	5.4 Tool Health Curve Constructed Based on DTW Algorithm
	5.5 Degradation Trend Prediction Modeling Based on LSTM Network
		5.5.1 Definition of RUL
		5.5.2 Modeling Steps of Degradation Trend Prediction Based on LSTM Network
		5.5.3 Analysis of Prediction Results
	5.6 Conclusion
	References
6 Research on Online Detection Device and Method of Corn Grain Crushing Rate
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Study on Online Detection Device for Corn Grain Crushing Rate
	6.3 Online Detection Method for Corn Grain Crushing Rate
		6.3.1 Two-Dimensional Image Connectivity Area Marker
		6.3.2 Dataset Construction
		6.3.3 Convolutional Neural Network Models
	6.4 Field Experiments
	6.5 Conclusion
	References
7 Maize Kernels Endosperm Feature Extraction Based on Genetic Algorithm Image Enhancement
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Histogram Equalization Image Enhancement
	7.3 Genetic Algorithm Image Enhancement
	7.4 Test Design and Result Analysis
		7.4.1 Test Design
		7.4.2 Analysis of Test Results
	7.5 Conclusion
	References
8 Data Balancing of Ceph Distributed Storage System Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Data Distribution Problem in Ceph System
	8.3 TD3-Based Data Balance Algorithm in Ceph System
		8.3.1 Markov Decision Process
		8.3.2 Algorithm
	8.4 Simulations
	8.5 Conclusion
	References
9 The Fault Detection Method of the Seismic Image Based on Semantic Segmentation
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Methodology
		9.2.1 The Semantic Segmentation Method
		9.2.2 Post-Processing of Fault Images
		9.2.3 The Adam Optimization Algorithm
		9.2.4 Network Architecture
	9.3 Synthetic Data Set Generation
	9.4 Experiments
		9.4.1 Experimental Results on Synthetic Datasets
		9.4.2 Experimental Results on Real-World Data from Great South Basin (GBS) in New Zealand.
	9.5 Conclusion
	References
Part II Augmented Reality and Deep Learning
10 Analysis on Grey Space Form and Simulation Evaluation in Landscape Design
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Adaptive Image Recognition Based on Grey Overlapping
		10.2.1 Grey Value Enhancement of Image Grey Overlapping Area
		10.2.2 Classification of Grey Overlapping Areas
		10.2.3 Recognition of Overlapping Areas of Image Grey Scale
	10.3 Model Simulation and Analysis
		10.3.1 Landscape Design Simulation
		10.3.2 Simulation Analysis
	10.4 Conclusion
	References
11 3D Animation Design and Production Based on Intelligent Algorithm and Virtual Reality
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Application of VR in 3D Animation Production
	11.3 Application of Intelligent Algorithms and VR in 3D Animation Production
		11.3.1 Animation Production Concept Adjustment
		11.3.2 Application of VR Products
		11.3.3 The Formation of Three-Dimensional Visual Elements
	11.4 Simulation Experiment
	11.5 Conclusions
	11.6 Fund Project
	References
12 4DFA: Four-Dimensional Full-Anatomy Reconstruction of Individualized Digital Human Models Based on Motion Videos
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Materials and Methods
		12.2.1 3D Digital Human Anatomical Model
		12.2.2 Motion Armature
		12.2.3 Personalized Pose Deformation
		12.2.4 Articulated Rigid Bone Motion
		12.2.5 Smooth Nonrigid Deformation of the Soft Tissues
		12.2.6 Intersection Removing Algorithm
	12.3 Result and Analysis
		12.3.1 Realistic Anatomical Structure Deformation
		12.3.2 Adaptive Modeling Results of Whole-Body Anatomical Structures
	12.4 Conclusion
	References
13 Research on Fault Prediction Technology of Air Compressor Based on Wavelet Neural Network
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Water Supply System
		13.2.1 Working Principle
		13.2.2 Air Compressor Fault Modes
	13.3 Fault Prediction Technology
		13.3.1 BP Neural Network
		13.3.2 Wavelet Neural Network
	13.4 Simulation and Verification Data Acquisition
		13.4.1 Data Acquisition
		13.4.2 Network Training
		13.4.3 Fault Prediction
	13.5 Conclusion
	References
14 The Development of Intelligent VR Systems Based on Deep Learning
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Immersive Display of VR Technology
	14.3 Image Showing Difference Prediction Calculation
		14.3.1 Standard Image Comparison Prediction Techniques
		14.3.2 Inaccuracy in One Aspect of the Image Expectation
		14.3.3 The Differential Growth of a Single-Component Picture Prediction
	14.4 Conclusion
	14.5 Discussion
	References
15 Research and Implementation of Multi Fusion Data Model Construction Technology for Distribution Network Digital Twins
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Related Work
	15.3 Research on the Construction Technology of Multiple Fusion Data Model of Distribution Network Digital Twins
		15.3.1 Real-Time Data Acquisition and Storage Access Mechanism for Power Production
		15.3.2 Data Fusion Technology for Electric Distribution Network
	15.4 Technical Realization of Multi Fusion Data Model Construction of Distribution Network Digital Twin
		15.4.1 Overall Architecture Design of Multi Fusion Data Model
		15.4.2 The Implementation of Multivariate Fusion Data Model for Distribution Network Digital Twin
	15.5 Application Results
	References
16 Research and Implementation of Rules Extraction Technology for Digital Twin Objects in Distribution Network Based on Semantic Understanding
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Related Work
	16.3 Key Techniques of Rule Extraction for Digital Twin Objects in Topology Grid
		16.3.1 Digital Twin Physical Object and Information Object of Topology Grid
		16.3.2 Electric Topology Grid Digital Twin Service System and Twin Data
	16.4 Implementation of Digital Twin Technology for Application Requirements of Topology Grid Operation Scenarios
		16.4.1 Power Consumption Prediction of Topology Grid Based on Digital Twin Technology
		16.4.2 Implementation of Digital Twin Technology for Power Topology Grid
	16.5 Application Results
	References
17 Analysis of Urban Landscape Plants’ Configuration Based on Virtual Reality
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Principles of Plant Disposition in Urban Landscaping
	17.3 Configuration Method of Urban Landscaping Plants
		17.3.1 Garden Scene Modeling
		17.3.2 Landscape Plant Model Generation
	17.4 Conclusion
	References
18 3D Animation Simulation Based on Computer Virtual Simulation Technology
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Research Method
		18.2.1 Virtual Character Model Construction
		18.2.2 Automatic Generation of Character Animation
	18.3 Result Analysis
	18.4 Conclusion
	References
19 Lightweight Human Pose Estimation Based on Self-Attention Mechanism
	19.1 Introduction
	19.2 Related Work
	19.3 Lightweight Model Structure
		19.3.1 Overall Network Architecture
		19.3.2 Computational Volume Analysis of Self-Attention in WGNet
	19.4 Experimental Results and Analysis
		19.4.1 Experimental Environment and Data Set
		19.4.2 Training Results and Analysis
		19.4.3 Visual Analysis of Inference
	19.5 Conclusion
	References
20 Facial Photo-Guided Head Anatomy Modeling Based on Deep Learning and 2D/3D Shape Prior Model Registration
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Related Work
	20.3 Method
		20.3.1 Landmark Detection Network
		20.3.2 SSM Initialization
		20.3.3 2D/3D Registration
	20.4 Result and Analysis
	20.5 Conclusion
	References
21 Design of Water Ecological Cleaning Robot Based on Raspberry PI and OpenCV Visual Recognition
	21.1 Introduction
	21.2 Robot System Scheme Design
	21.3 System Function Module Hardware Selection and Design
		21.3.1 Hardware Selection and Design of Water Avoidance Function Module
		21.3.2 Obstacle Avoidance and Route Optimization Function Design
		21.3.3 Identify Function Module Hardware Selection and Design
		21.3.4 Hardware Selection and Design of Pickup Function Module
		21.3.5 Functional Design of the Main Circuit
	21.4 System Software Flow Design
	21.5 Conclusion
	References
22 Fragrant Pear Target Identification and Positioning Based on Deep Learning
	22.1 Introduction
	22.2 Methods
		22.2.1 Convolutional Neural Network
		22.2.2 RCNN
		22.2.3 Shared Convolution Layer
	22.3 Result Analysis
		22.3.1 Experimental Design
		22.3.2 Experimental Results
	22.4 Conclusion
	References
23 Online Mini-Game Popularity and Feedback Data Prediction Based on Time Series and BP Neural Network Prediction
	23.1 Introduction
	23.2 Analysis of the Current Status of the Study
	23.3 Research Methodological Settings
		23.3.1 Research Framework
		23.3.2 Data Collection and Preprocessing
	23.4 Case Analysis
		23.4.1 Explanation of Changes in Number of Scores
		23.4.2 Player Score Predictions
	23.5 Conclusion
	References
Part III IT-based Applications
24 Mileage Pile Detection for Vehicle-Borne Video
	24.1 Introduction
	24.2 Mileage Pile Target Detection
		24.2.1 Mileage Pile Video Acquisition
		24.2.2 Mileage Pile Positioning
		24.2.3 Mileage Pile Classification Based on HOG + SVM
		24.2.4 Target Prediction Based on Hidden Markov Model
	24.3 Experimental Results and Analysis
	24.4 Conclusion
	References
25 Exploration of Future Temperature Analysis Based on ARIMA Time Series Model and GA-BP Neural Network Prediction Model
	25.1 Introduction
	25.2 Data Preprocessing
	25.3 Model Construction and Solving
		25.3.1 Kruskal–Wallis Test
		25.3.2 Periodic Forecasting Model
		25.3.3 GA-BP Neural Network Predictive Model
	25.4 Conclusion
	25.5 Discussion
	References
26 Research on Feature Extraction Based on Time Series Images
	26.1 Introduction
	26.2 Image Capture
	26.3 Image Feature Extraction
		26.3.1 Color Feature Extraction Using RGB Color Mode
		26.3.2 Texture Feature Extraction Based on Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix
		26.3.3 Comparison of “RGB + GLCM” and “HSV + GLCM” Image Feature Extraction Methods
	26.4 Conclusion
	References
27 Research on Human Eyesight Tracking Algorithm Based on Monocular Vision
	27.1 Introduction
	27.2 System Description
	27.3 Modules Design
	27.4 Results and Analysis
	27.5 Conclusion
	References
28 Research and Development of Automatic Leakage Inspection System for Gas Pipeline Based on Internet of Things Technology
	28.1 Introduction
	28.2 Design of Automatic Leakage Inspection System
		28.2.1 Design of the Detection Device
		28.2.2 Design of the Cloud
		28.2.3 Design of the Client
	28.3 Design of Automatic Evaluation Algorithm for Gas Pipeline Leakage
	28.4 Experimental Study of the Automatic Leakage Inspection System
		28.4.1 Design of Gas Cylinder for Experiment
		28.4.2 Data Visualization Verification
		28.4.3 Inspection Performance Verification
	28.5 Conclusion
	References
29 Automatic Calibration Method for High Resolution LiDAR and Fisheye Camera
	29.1 Introduction
	29.2 Related Work
	29.3 Method
		29.3.1 Feature Points Extraction
		29.3.2 2D Feature Points from the Image
		29.3.3 3D Feature Points from the Point Cloud
		29.3.4 Extrinsic Parameters Estimation
	29.4 Tests and Results
		29.4.1 Setup
		29.4.2 Data Collection
		29.4.3 Tests and Results
	29.5 Conclusion
	References
30 Design and Implementation of a Multi-point Target Position Determination Method for Industrial Robots
	30.1 Introduction
	30.2 Introduction of Intelligent Vision System
		30.2.1 Introduction to Machine Vision Technology
		30.2.2 Intelligent Vision System
	30.3 Overall Technical Design Scheme
	30.4 Specific Implementation Process
	30.5 Data Acquisition System Working Principle
	30.6 Data Processing System
	30.7 Route Planning
	30.8 Summary
	References
31 Design of Contact Protection Intelligent Guide Robot Based on Multi Environment Simulation Detection
	31.1 Introduction
	31.2 2Technical Analysis and Research
	31.3 3Example Given to Illustrate
	31.4 Conclusion
	References
Author Index