Multicultural Responsiveness in Counselling and Psychology: Working with Australian Populations

Contents
Contributors
1: Cultural Responsiveness in Counselling and Psychology: An Introduction
	1.1	 Introduction
	1.2	 What Are the Issues?
	1.3	 Australian History
		1.3.1	 Indigenous Australians
		1.3.2	 Settler Colonialism
		1.3.3	 Postcolonialism
		1.3.4	 Cycle of Socialisation
		1.3.5	 Discrimination and Bias
	1.4	 Approaches to Responsiveness to Multicultural Counselling and Psychology
		1.4.1	 Decolonising Counselling and Psychology
		1.4.2	 Understanding Intersectionality
		1.4.3	 Reflexivity and Self-Awareness in Counselling and Psychology
		1.4.4	 Reflexivity and Self-Awareness in Multicultural Counselling and Psychology
		1.4.5	 Transformational Learning Approaches to Reflexivity and Self-Awareness in Multicultural Counselling and Psychology
	1.5	 Conclusion
	References
2: Post-Colonialism (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders)
	2.1	 Introduction
	2.2	 Post-Colonialism: The Myth
		2.2.1	 The House on the Hill
		2.2.2	 The ‘Benefits’ of Living Under a Colonialist Regime
		2.2.3	 Exploitation of the Natural Resources
		2.2.4	 A One-Sided Story
		2.2.5	 Personal Experiences of Ongoing Colonialism as a First Nations Australian
		2.2.6	 Building Bridges
	2.3	 Personal Stories and Current Affairs
		2.3.1	 Ending the Confusion: A Reflection of My Experiences in Australian Education Spaces
		2.3.2	 The Past Is Always Present
	2.4	 Experiential Activities
	References
3: Racism
	3.1	 Introduction
	3.2	 Racism
		3.2.1	 Racism and Mental Health
			3.2.1.1	 The Nature and Extent of Racism
			3.2.1.2	 The Impacts of Racism on Mental Health
			3.2.1.3	 Combating Racism
		3.2.2	 Racism Against Asylum Seekers in Australia
			3.2.2.1	 Introduction
			3.2.2.2	 New Racism and Asylum Seekers
			3.2.2.3	 Racism Against Asylum Seekers
				Jumping the Queue
				Illegals
				“Genuine” Refugees
				Use of Loaded Terms
				Islam
				Threat
			3.2.2.4	 Contemporary Anxieties
			3.2.2.5	 Punitive Measures
			3.2.2.6	 Conclusion
	3.3	 Personal Stories and Current Affairs
		3.3.1	 A Letter to Asian Girls: Things I Wish I Knew
		3.3.2	 White Mongrel
		3.3.3	 Creating a Safe Space for Children and Families from Refugee Backgrounds in the Healthcare System in Australia: A Health Professional Perspective
			3.3.3.1	 How Can We Help Children and Their Families Feel Safe in Our Healthcare System?
				Make the Spaces Welcoming
				Embrace the Power of Listening
				Use Professional Interpreters and Address Health Literacy
				Consider the Words We Use
				Consider Every Encounter an Opportunity to Develop a Relationship
				Address What Is Most Important to the Patient
				Practice Self-Reflection and Challenge Your Own Sense of What Is “Normal”
				Provide Trauma Informed Care
				Address Social-Emotional Wellbeing and Build Resilience
			3.3.3.2	 How Can We Influence Change in Our Workplace and Impact on Systems Change?
				Advocating Within Our Organisations
				Systemic Advocacy
		3.3.4	 Who Are the Sri Lankans in Australia?: An Outline for Mental Health Workers
		3.3.5	 Systemic Oppression
	3.4	 Experiential Activities
	References
4: Classism
	4.1	 Introduction
	4.2	 Social and Economic Determinants (Classism) and Mental Health
		4.2.1	 Social Determinants of Health
		4.2.2	 Social Determinants of Mental Health
		4.2.3	 Stress and Mental Ill-Health
		4.2.4	 Policy Action on Mental Health in Australia
		4.2.5	 Conclusion
	4.3	 Personal Stories and Current Affairs
		4.3.1	 Bogans and Hipsters: We’re Talking the Living Language of Class
		4.3.2	 Working in the Community
	4.4	 Experiential Activities
	References
5: Sexism
	5.1	 Introduction
	5.2	 Sexism and Mental Health
		5.2.1 What Is Sexism?
		5.2.2 Gender Inequality Across the Globe
		5.2.3 Gender Inequality in Australia
		5.2.4 Mental Health
			5.2.4.1	 Psychological Distress
			5.2.4.2	 Body Image and Eating Disorders
		5.2.5 Relationships
		5.2.6 Sexism in the Workplace
		5.2.7 Intersectionality
		5.2.8 Men Experience Gendered Inequalities Too
		5.2.9 Conclusions and Solutions
	5.3	 Personal Stories and Current Affairs
		5.3.1	 Still Serving Guests While Your Male Relatives Relax? Everyday Sexism Like This Hurts Women’s Mental Health
		5.3.2 Four Home Traps That Contribute to the Gender Pay Gap
	5.4	 Experiential Activities
	References
6: Heterosexism and Cisgenderism
	6.1	 Introduction
	6.2	 Heterosexism, Cisgenderism and Mental Health
		6.2.1	 LGBTI Mental Health
		6.2.2	 Heterosexism and Cisgenderism in Counselling
		6.2.3	 Conclusion
	6.3	 Personal Stories and Current Affairs
		6.3.1	 “The Space We Created”
		6.3.2	 A Gay Man’s Reluctant Journey to Turning Around LGBTIQ Intolerance in the Jewish Community
		6.3.3	 Interview with a Gay Affirmative Practice Therapist
	6.4	 Experiential Activities
	References
7: Ageism
	7.1	 Introduction
	7.2	 Ageism – Older and Younger Australians
		7.2.1	 Projecting Beauty in an Ageist World
			7.2.1.1	 Introduction
			7.2.1.2	 The Roots of Ageism
			7.2.1.3	 Gerontophobia in the Spotlight
			7.2.1.4	 Making Good Character Visible
			7.2.1.5	 Conclusion
		7.2.2	 Millennials. Walking Around Like They Rent the Place
			7.2.2.1	 Introduction: The Mental Health and Wellbeing of Young Australians
			7.2.2.2	 Issues Faced by Young Australians
			7.2.2.3	 The Future Is Insecure
			7.2.2.4	 Conclusion
	7.3	 Personal Stories and Current Affairs
		7.3.1	 Spirituality and Ageing in Contemporary Care
		7.3.2	 Age Shouldn’t Matter, but It Does…
		7.3.3	 Fighting for Control
		7.3.4	 Finding the Right Community and Psychologist
		7.3.5	 Stop Calling Young People Apathetic
	7.4	 Experiential Activities
	References
8: Ableism
	8.1	 Introduction
	8.2	 Understanding the Judgement of Others: Ableism and Mental Health
		8.2.1	 What Is Ableism?
		8.2.2	 What Is the Current Experience of People with Disability and the Impact of Ableism?
		8.2.3	 How Does this Relate to Mental Illness/Mental Health?
		8.2.4	 What Happens When Comorbid Conditions Are Present – How Can These Be Acknowledged?
		8.2.5	 Policy and Practice Relevant to Addressing Ableism
		8.2.6	 Listening Out for Lived Experience Expertise
		8.2.7	 Conclusion
	8.3	 Personal Stories and Current Affairs
		8.3.1	 The Rubik’s Cube
		8.3.2	 Never Give Up: Living with Schizophrenia
		8.3.3	 Trying to Fit in: The Person Is Wrong, Defective and Needs to Be Changed
	8.4	 Experiential Activities
	References
9: Sizeism
	9.1	 Introduction
	9.2	 Inside Out: Fattening Therapy
		9.2.1	 The Impact of Fat Stigma in Therapeutic Settings
		9.2.2	 Assumptions
		9.2.3	 Consider the Following Scenarios
		9.2.4	 Counsellor Awareness and Knowledge
		9.2.5	 Counsellor Resources
		9.2.6	 Conclusion
	9.3	 Personal Stories and Current Affairs
		9.3.1	 What Does Fat Discrimination Look Like?
		9.3.2	 I Am More Than the Number on My Shirt
	9.4	 Experiential Activities
	References
10: Religious Hegemonism
	10.1	 Introduction
	10.2	 Religion and Faith in Australia: Diversity, Plurality and Change
		10.2.1	 Introduction
		10.2.2	 Contexts and Histories of Religion in Australia
		10.2.3	 The Outcomes of Sectarianism
		10.2.4	 The Impact of Migration on Religious Diversity
		10.2.5	 Religion in Contemporary Australia
		10.2.6	 Religion and Education
		10.2.7	 Conclusion
	10.3	 Personal Stories and Current Affairs
		10.3.1	 A Pound of Flesh
		10.3.2	 The Allure of Belonging; a Muslim’s Reflection on the Pressure of Secular-Christian Conformance
	10.4	 Experiential Activities
	References
11: Key Principles for Multicultural Perspectives and Responsiveness in Counselling and Psychology
	11.1 Multiculturalism and Social Justice in Counselling and Psychology
	11.2 Six Key Principles for Multicultural Perspectives and Responsiveness in Counselling and Psychology
		11.2.1	 Decolonising Counselling and Psychology
		11.2.2	 Intersectionality
		11.2.3	 Cultural Humility
		11.2.4	 Counsellor and Psychologist Self-Awareness
		11.2.5	 Engagement and Connection
		11.2.6	 Activism with and on Behalf
	11.3 Conclusion
	References
Index