Microbiology. Principles And Explorations

Cover
Quick Reference Material (part 1)
	Bacterial Diseases
	Viral Diseases
	Unconventional Agents
	Fungal Diseases
	Parasitic Diseases
Title Page
Dedication and Copyright
Preface
Brief Contents
Contents
List of Boxes
Directions to Using this textbook
CHAPTER 1: Scope and History of Microbiology
	WHY STUDY MICROBIOLOGY?
	SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY
	HISTORICAL ROOTS
	THE GERM THEORY 
OF DISEASE
	EMERGENCE OF SPECIAL FIELDS OF MICROBIOLOGY
	TOMORROW’S HISTORY
	Summary/Self-Quiz
CHAPTER 2: Fundamentals of Chemistry
	WHY STUDY CHEMISTRY?
	CHEMICAL BUILDING BLOCKS AND CHEMICAL BONDS
	WATER AND SOLUTIONS
	COMPLEX ORGANIC MOLECULES
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 3: Microscopy and Staining
	HISTORICAL MICROSCOPY
	PRINCIPLES OF MICROSCOPY
	LIGHT MICROSCOPY
	ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
	TECHNIQUES OF LIGHT MICROSCOPY
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 4: Characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
	BASIC CELL TYPES
	PROKARYOTIC CELLS
	EUKARYOTIC CELLS
	EVOLUTION BY ENDOSYMBIOSIS
	THE MOVEMENT OF SUBSTANCES ACROSS MEMBRANES
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 5: Essential Concepts of Metabolism
	METABOLISM: AN OVERVIEW
	ENZYMES
	ENZYME INHIBITION
	ANAEROBIC METABOLISM: GLYCOLYSIS AND FERMENTATION
	AEROBIC METABOLISM: RESPIRATION
	THE METABOLISM OF FATS AND PROTEINS
	OTHER METABOLIC PROCESSES
	THE USES OF ENERGY
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 6: Growth and Culturing of Bacteria
	GROWTH AND CELL DIVISION
	FACTORS AFFECTING BACTERIAL GROWTH
	SPORULATION
	CULTURING BACTERIA
	LIVING, BUT NONCULTURABLE, ORGANISMS
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 7: Microbial Genetics
	AN OVERVIEW OF GENETIC PROCESSES
	DNA REPLICATION
	PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
	THE REGULATION OF METABOLISM
	MUTATIONS
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 8: Gene Transfer and Genetic Engineering
	THE TYPES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF GENE TRANSFER
	TRANSFORMATION
	TRANSDUCTION
	CONJUGATION
	GENE TRANSFER MECHANISMS COMPARED
	PLASMIDS
	GENETIC ENGINEERING
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 9: An Introduction to Taxonomy: The Bacteria
	TAXONOMY: THE SCIENCE OF CLASSIFICATION
	USING A TAXONOMIC KEY
	THE FIVE-KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
	THE THREE-DOMAIN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
	CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
	THE SEARCH FOR EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS
	BACTERIAL TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 10: Viruses
	GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF VIRUSES
	CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES
	EMERGING VIRUSES
	VIRAL REPLICATION
	CULTURING OF ANIMAL VIRUSES
	VIRUSES AND TERATOGENESIS
	VIRUSLIKE AGENTS: SATELLITES, VIROIDS, AND PRIONS
	VIRUSES AND CANCER
	HUMAN CANCER VIRUSES
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 11: Eukaryotic Microorganisms and Parasites
	PRINCIPLES OF PARASITOLOGY
	PROTISTS
	FUNGI
	HELMINTHS
	ARTHROPODS
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 12: Sterilization and Disinfection
	PRINCIPLES OF STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
	CHEMICAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
	PHYSICAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 13: Antimicrobial Therapy
	ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
	THE HISTORY OF CHEMOTHERAPY
	GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
	DETERMINING MICROBIAL SENSITIVITIES TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
	ATTRIBUTES OF AN IDEAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT
	ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS
	ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
	ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
	ANTIPROTOZOAN AGENTS
	ANTIHELMINTHIC AGENTS
	SPECIAL PROBLEMS WITH DRUG-RESISTANT HOSPITAL INFECTIONS
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 14: Host-Microbe Relationships and Disease Processes
	HOST-MICROBE RELATIONSHIPS
	KOCH’S POSTULATES
	KINDS OF DISEASES
	THE DISEASE PROCESS
	INFECTIOUS DISEASES—PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 15: Epidemiology and Nosocomial Infections
	EPIDEMIOLOGY
	NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
	BIOTERRORISM
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 16: Innate Host Defenses
	INNATE AND ADAPTIVE HOST DEFENSES
	PHYSICAL BARRIERS
	CHEMICAL BARRIERS
	CELLULAR DEFENSES
	INFLAMMATION
	FEVER
	MOLECULAR DEFENSES
	DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM: WHO HAS ONE?
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 17: Basic Principles of Adaptive Immunity and Immunization
	IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNITY
	TYPES OF IMMUNITY
	CHARACTERISTICS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
	HUMORAL IMMUNITY
	MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
	CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
	MUCOSAL IMMUNE SYSTEM
	IMMUNIZATION
	IMMUNITY TO VARIOUS KINDS OF PATHOGENS
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 18: Immune Disorders
	OVERVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGICAL DISORDERS
	IMMEDIATE (TYPE I) HYPERSENSITIVITY
	CYTOTOXIC (TYPE II) HYPERSENSITIVITY
	IMMUNE COMPLEX (TYPE III) HYPERSENSITIVITY
	CELL-MEDIATED (TYPE IV) HYPERSENSITIVITY
	AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
	TRANSPLANTATION
	DRUG REACTIONS
	IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES
	IMMUNOLOGICAL TESTS
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 19: Diseases of the Skin and Eyes; Wounds and Bites
	THE SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANES, AND EYES
	DISEASES OF THE SKIN
	DISEASES OF THE EYES
	WOUNDS AND BITES
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 20: Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Diseases
	COMPONENTS OF THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM
	UROGENITAL DISEASES USUALLY NOT TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY
	SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 21: Diseases of the Respiratory System
	COMPONENTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
	DISEASES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
	DISEASES OF THE LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
	Untitled
CHAPTER 22: Oral and Gastrointestinal Diseases
	COMPONENTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
	DISEASES OF THE ORAL CAVITY
	GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES CAUSED BY BACTERIA
	GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES CAUSED BY OTHER PATHOGENS
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 23: Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, and Systemic Diseases
	THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
	CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC DISEASES
	SYSTEMIC DISEASES
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 24: Diseases of the Nervous System
	COMPONENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
	DISEASES OF THE BRAIN AND MENINGES
	OTHER DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 25: Environmental Microbiology
	FUNDAMENTALS OF ECOLOGY
	BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
	AIR
	SOIL
	WATER
	MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
	SEWAGE TREATMENT
	BIOREMEDIATION
	Summary/Self-Test
CHAPTER 26: Applied Microbiology
	MICROORGANISMS FOUND IN FOOD
	PREVENTING DISEASE TRANSMISSION AND FOOD SPOILAGE
	MICROORGANISMS AS FOOD AND IN FOOD PRODUCTION
	BEER, WINE, AND SPIRITS
	INDUSTRIAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
	USEFUL ORGANIC PRODUCTS
	MICROBIOLOGICAL MINING
	MICROBIOLOGICAL WASTE DISPOSAL
	Summary/Self-Test
Appendixies
	A: Metric System Measurements,
Conversions, and Math Tools
	B: Classification of Viruses
	C: Word Roots Commonly Encountered
in Microbiology
	D: Safety Precautions in the Handling of Clinical Specimens
	E: Metabolic Pathways
Glossary
Clinical Case Study ANSWERS
Index
Quick Reference Material (part 2)
	Viruses
	Fungi
	Bacteria
	Parasites