Materials Processing Fundamentals 2025: Thermodynamics and Rate Phenomena

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The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series
Materials Processing Fundamentals 2025: Thermodynamics and Rate Phenomena
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Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Part I.  Thermodynamic and Kinetic Considerations in Metallurgical Processing
	SnOₓ Solubility in CaO-FeOₓ-Cu₂O Slag Under Copper Saturation
		Introduction
		Experimental
		Results
		Discussion
			Sn Solubility in the CaO-FeOX-SnOY-Cu2O System
			The Cu2O Content in the Slag
			Distribution of Sn Between the Slag and Molten Copper
		Conclusions
		References
	Thermodynamic Equilibria of Yttrium and Sulfur in Liquid Iron
		Introduction
		Experimental Materials and Methods
		Experimental Results
			Desulfurization Product
			Thermodynamic Equilibrium of Y-S in Liquid Iron
		Discussion
			The Effect of Oxygen on Desulfurization Equilibrium
			Influencing Factors of Thermodynamics Data Measurement
		Conclusion
		References
	A Study of the Time Dependence of Secondary Phase Formation
		Introduction
		Background Work and State of the Art
			Simulations of the Moving Boundary Problem
			Enthalpy Methods
			Finite Elements
			Further Extensions
		Analysis
			Theoretical and Numerical Methods
				Mathematical Formulation
				Governing Equations
				Initial and Boundary Conditions
				The Classical Analytical Solution
				Analytical Solution
		Numerical Solutions
			Defining the Problem
				Discretization
				Initialization
				Numerical Implementation
				Enthalpy Method Output
		Results
		Conclusion
		Appendix
		References
Part II. Process Optimization and Material Behavior in Metallurgical Applications
	Optimization of Rotary Kiln in Molybdenite Concentrate Oxidation for Molybdic Trioxide Production
		Introduction
		Experimental Procedure
		Results and Discussion
		Conclusions
		References
	Study on the Interaction Between RH Refining Slag Performance and Refractory Material of Insertion Tube
		Introduction
		Experimental
			Materials
			Methods and Equipment
		Results and Analysis
			High Temperature Performance Test of Refining Slag
				Test Results and Analysis of Melting Temperature of Refining Slag System
				Test Results and Analysis of Viscosity and Viscose-Temperature Curve of Refining Slag
			Study on the Interaction Between Refining Slag and Refractories
				Experimental Results and Analysis of the Interaction Between Refining Slag and Refractory
				Experimental Results and Analysis of the Interaction Between Refining Slag and Refractories
		Conclusion
		References
	Study on the Mechanism of Slag-Sticking in the Insertion Tube of High Carbon Steel RH Refining Process
		Introduction
		Material Sampling and Research Methods
		Results and Analysis
			Composition Analysis
			Phase Analysis of Adhesives
			Observation and Analysis of Morphology and Composition of Adhesives
			Thermomechanical Analysis
			Discussion on Slime Behavior and Mechanism
		Conclusion
		References
	Mold Simulator Study of Heat Transfer Behavior of Medium Carbon Steel Slag Film Inside Continuous Casting Mold
		Introduction
		Apparatus and Procedure
			Mold Simulator Technique
			Calculation Method of Slag Film Heat Transfer
		Results and Discussion
			Mold Surface Temperature and Heat Flux
			Initial Solidified Shell and Slag Film Thickness
			Heat Transfer Behavior of Slag Film Near Meniscus
		Conclusion
		References
Part III. Computational Modeling and Simulation of Materials Manufacturing
	Predicting Blast Furnace Raceway Dynamics Using Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method
		Introduction
		Methods
			Governing Equations for Gas Phase and Solid Phase
			Chemical Reaction Model
			Simulation Conditions
		Results and Discussion
			DEM Results
			CFD Results
		Conclusions
		Acknowledgements
		References
	Modeling Dynamic Burden Behavior in a Secondary Lead Reverberatory Furnace Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
		Introduction
		Methodology
		Computational Domain
		Burden Creation and Importing
		Burden Modeling
		Burden Melting
		Results
		Conclusions
		References
	Comparative Analysis of Commercial and Open-Source Software for Multiphase Flow Simulation in a Ladle Furnace Model
		Introduction
		Methodology
			Physical Model
			Numerical Model
		Results
			Slag-Eye Opening
			Fluid Dynamic Structure
		Conclusion
		References
	Three-Dimensional Effects in the Dendritic Growth Competition of Bi-crystals
		Extended Abstract
		References
Part IV. Poster Session
	Analysis of Circulation Flow and Mixing Time in Ruhrstahl-Heraeus Degasser with Argon Ladle Bottom Blowing Through Numerical Modeling
		Introduction
		Mathematical Model
		Volume of Fluid Model
		Discrete Phase Model
		Bubble Size and Density
		Initial and Boundary Conditions
		Solution Method
		Determination of Recirculation Rate and Mixing Times
		Results
			Circulation Rates
			Mixing Time
			Fluid Dynamics
			Bubble Size
		Conclusions
		References
	Comparative Study of Two Methodologies for the Analysis of the Thermal Evolution of Steel Slabs in a Reheating Furnace
		Introduction
		Experimental Procedure
			Mathematical Model
			Dimensions Boundary Conditions and Considerations
		Results and Discussion
		Conclusions
		Discussion of Conclusions
		References
	Numerical Modeling of SEN Depth on Heat Transfer, Fluid Flow, and Solidification in Thin Slab Continuous Casting Mold
		Introduction
		Mathematical Model
			Governing Equations
				Continuity and Momentum Equations
				Energy Equation
				Solidification Model
			Boundary Conditions
		Results
			Validation
				Dynamic Fluid Flow
				Thermal Field Validation
			Thermal and Solidification Features
		Conclusions
		References
	Numerical Simulation of Multiphase Flow in a Single Snorkel Refining Furnace with Dual Injections of Argon Gas for the Degassing Process
		Introduction
		Model Development
			Geometry and Mesh
			Modeling Description
				VOF Model
				Turbulence Model
				Discrete Phase Model
			Initial and Boundary Conditions and Material Properties
		Results and Discussion
			Mass Flow Rate
			Velocity Fields in the SSRF Reactor
			Phase Contours for Steel in the SSRF Reactor
		Conclusions
		References
	Numerical Simulation of Stirring Coils System for Use in Steel Refining Ladle
		Introduction
		Model Procedure
			Geometry and Domain Dimensions
			Mesh
			Boundary Conditions and Initial Conditions
		Results and Discussion
		Conclusions
		References
	Comparative Study Between Actual Conditions and Proposed Operating Conditions for a Floor Furnace Used in the Heating of a Metallurgical Ladle Through Numerical Simulation
		Introduction
		Experimental Procedure
			Mathematical Model
			Dimensions Boundary Conditions and Considerations
			Numerical Models
		Results and Discussion
		Conclusions
		References
Author Index
Subject Index