Mastering STM32 - A step-by-step guide to the most complete ARM Cortex-M platform, using the official STM32Cube development environment

Table of Contents
Preface
	Who Is This Book For?
	How to Integrate This Book?
	How Is the Book Organized?
	Differences With the First Edition
	About the Author
	Errata and Suggestions
	Book Support
	How to Help the Author
	Copyright Disclaimer
	Credits
Acknowledgments to the First Edition
I Introduction
	Introduction to STM32 MCU Portfolio
		Introduction to ARM Based Processors
			Cortex and Cortex-M Based Processors
				Core Registers
				Memory Map
				Bit-Banding
				Thumb-2 and Memory Alignment
				Pipeline
				Interrupts and Exceptions Handling
				SysTimer
				Power Modes
				TrustZoneTM
				CMSIS
				Effective Implementation of Cortex-M Features in the STM32 Portfolio
		Introduction to STM32 Microcontrollers
			Advantages of the STM32 Portfolio….
			….And Its Drawbacks
		A Quick Look at the STM32 Subfamilies
			F0
			F1
			F2
			F3
			F4
			F7
			H7
			L0
			L1
			L4
			L4+
			L5
			U5
			G0
			G4
			STM32WB
			STM32WL
			How to Select the Right MCU for You?
		The Nucleo Development Board
	Get In Touch With SM32CubeIDE
		Why Choose STM32CubeIDE as Tool-Chain for STM32
			Two Words About Eclipse…
			… and GCC
		Downloading and Installing the STM32CubeIDE
			Windows - Installing the Tool-Chain
			Linux - Installing the Tool-Chain
			Mac - Installing the Tool-Chain
		STM32CubeIDE overview
	Hello, Nucleo!
		Create a Project
		Adding Something Useful to the Generated Code
		Connecting the Nucleo to the PC
			ST-LINK Firmware Upgrade
		Flashing the Nucleo using STM32CubeProgrammer
	STM32CubeMX Tool
		Introduction to CubeMX Tool
			Target Selection Wizard
				MCU/MPU Selector
				Board Selector
				Example Selector
				Cross Selector
			MCU and Middleware Configuration
				Pinout View & Configuration
				Clock Configuration View
			Project Manager
			Tools View
		Understanding Project Structure
		Downloading Book Source Code Examples
		Management of STM32Cube Packages
	Introduction to Debugging
		What is Behind a Debug Session
		Debugging With STM32CubeIDE
			Debug Configurations
		I/O Retargeting
II Diving into the HAL
	GPIO Management
		STM32 Peripherals Mapping and HAL Handlers
		GPIOs Configuration
			GPIO Mode
			GPIO Alternate Function
		Driving a GPIO
		De-initialize a GPIO
	Interrupts Management
		NVIC Controller
			Vector Table in STM32
		Enabling Interrupts
			External Lines and NVIC
			Enabling Interrupts with CubeMX
		Interrupt Lifecycle
		Interrupt Priority Levels
			Cortex-M0/0+
			Cortex-M3/4/7/33
			Setting Interrupt Priority in CubeMX
		Interrupt Re-Entrancy
		Mask All Interrupts at Once or an a Priority Basis
	Universal Asynchronous Serial Communications
		Introduction to UARTs and USARTs
		UART Initialization
			UART Configuration Using CubeMX
		UART Communication in Polling Mode
			Installing a Terminal Emulator in Eclipse
		UART Communication in Interrupt Mode
			UART Related Interrupts
		Error Management
		List of Available Callbacks in the HAL_UART Module
	DMA Management
		Introduction to DMA
			The Need of a DMA and the Role of the Internal Buses
			The DMA Controller
				The DMA Implementation in F0/F1/F3/L0/L1/L4 MCUs
				The DMA Implementation in F2/F4/F7 MCUs
				The DMA Implementation in G0/G4/L4+/L5/H7 MCUs
		HAL_DMA Module
			DMA_HandleTypeDef in F0/F1/F3/L0/L1/L4 HALs
			DMA Configuration in G0/G4/L4+/L5/H7 HALs
			DMA_HandleTypeDef in F2/F4/F7 HALs
			How to Perform DMA Transfers in Polling Mode
			How to Perform DMA Transfers in Interrupt Mode
			Using the HAL_UART Module with DMA Mode Transfers
			Programming the DMAMUX With the CubeHAL
			Miscellaneous Functions From HAL_DMA and HAL_DMA_Ex Modules
		Using CubeMX to Configure DMA Requests
		Correct Memory Allocation of DMA Buffers
		A Case Study: The DMA Memory-To-Memory Transfer Performance Analysis
	Clock Tree
		Clock Distribution
			Overview of the STM32 Clock Tree
				The Multispeed Internal RC Oscillator in STM32L/U Families
			Configuring Clock Tree Using CubeMX
			Clock Source Options in Nucleo Boards
				Clock Source in Nucleo-64 rev. MB1136 (older ones with ST-LINK V2.1)
					OSC Clock Supply
					OSC 32kHz Clock Supply
				Clock Source in Nucleo-64 rev. MB1367 (newer ones with ST-LINK v3)
					OSC Clock Supply
					OSC 32kHz Clock Supply
		Overview of the HAL_RCC Module
			Compute the Clock Frequency at Run-Time
			Enabling the Master Clock Output
			Enabling the Clock Security System
		HSI Calibration
	Timers
		Introduction to Timers
			Timer Categories in an STM32 MCU
			Effective Availability of Timers in the STM32 Portfolio
		Basic Timers
			Using Timers in Interrupt Mode
				Time Base Generation in Advanced Timers
			Using Timers in Polling Mode
			Using Timers in DMA Mode
			Stopping a Timer
			Using CubeMX to Configure a Basic Timer
		General Purpose Timers
			Time Base Generator with External Clock Sources
				External Clock Mode 2
				External Clock Mode 1
				Using CubeMX to Configure the Source Clock of a General Purpose Timer
			Master/Slave Synchronization Modes
				Enable Trigger-Related Interrupts
				Using CubeMX to Configure the Master/Slave Synchronization
			Generate Timer-Related Events by Software
			Counting Modes
			Input Capture Mode
				Using CubeMX to Configure the Input Capture Mode
			Output Compare Mode
				Using CubeMX to Configure the Output Compare Mode
			Pulse-Width Generation
				Generating a Sinusoidal Wave Using PWM
				Using CubeMX to Configure the PWM Mode
			One Pulse Mode
				Using CubeMX to Configure the OPM Mode
			Encoder Mode
				Using CubeMX to Configure the Encoder Mode
			Other Features Available in General Purpose and Advanced Timers
				Hall Sensor Mode
				Combined Three-Phase PWM Mode and Other Motor-Control Related Features
				Break Input and Locking of Timer Registers
				Preloading of Auto-Reload Register
			Debugging and Timers
		SysTick Timer
			Use Another Timer as System Timebase Source
		A Case Study: How to Precisely Measure Microseconds with STM32 MCUs
	Analog-To-Digital Conversion
		Introduction to SAR ADC
		HAL_ADC Module
			Conversion Modes
				Single-Channel, Single Conversion Mode
				Scan Single Conversion Mode
				Single-Channel, Continuous Conversion Mode
				Scan Continuous Conversion Mode
				Injected Conversion Mode
				Dual Modes
			Channel Selection
			ADC Resolution and Conversion Speed
			A/D Conversions in Polling Mode
			A/D Conversions in Interrupt Mode
			A/D Conversions in DMA Mode
				Convert Multiple Times the Same Channel in DMA Mode
				Multiple and not Continuous Conversions in DMA Mode
				Continuous Conversions in DMA Mode
			Errors Management
			Timer-Driven Conversions
			Conversions Driven by External Events
			ADC Calibration
		Using CubeMX to Configure ADC Peripheral
	Digital-To-Analog Conversion
		Introduction to the DAC Peripheral
		HAL_DAC Module
			Driving the DAC Manually
			Driving the DAC in DMA Mode Using a Timer
			Triangular Wave Generation
			Noise Wave Generation
	I²C
		Introduction to the I²C specification
			The I²C Protocol
				START and STOP Condition
				Byte Format
				Address Frame
				Acknowledge (ACK) and Not Acknowledge (NACK)
				Data Frames
				Combined Transactions
				Clock Stretching
			Availability of I²C Peripherals in STM32 MCUs
		HAL_I2C Module
			Using the I²C Peripheral in Master Mode
				I/O MEM Operations
				Combined Transactions
				A Note About the Clock Configuration in STM32F0/L0/L4 families
			Using the I²C Peripheral in Slave Mode
		Using CubeMX to Configure the I²C Peripheral
	SPI
		Introduction to the SPI Specification
			Clock Polarity and Phase
			Slave Select Signal Management
			SPI TI Mode
			Availability of SPI Peripherals in STM32 MCUs
		HAL_SPI Module
			Exchanging Messages Using SPI Peripheral
			Maximum Transmission Frequency Reachable using the CubeHAL
		Using CubeMX to Configure SPI Peripheral
	Cyclic Redundancy Check
		Introduction to CRC Computing
			CRC Calculation in STM32F1/F2/F4/L1 MCUs
			CRC Peripheral in STM32F0/F3/F7/L0/L4/L5/G0/G4 MCUs
		HAL_CRC Module
	IWDG and WWDG Timers
		The Independent Watchdog Timer
			Using the CubeHAL to Program IWDG Timer
		The System Window Watchdog Timer
			Using the CubeHAL to Program WWDG Timer
		Detecting a System Reset Caused by a Watchdog Timer
		Freezing Watchdog Timers During a Debug Session
		Selecting the Right Watchdog Timer for Your Application
	Real-Time Clock
		Introduction to the RTC Peripheral
		HAL_RTC Module
			Setting and Retrieving the Current Date/Time
				Correct Way to Read Date/Time Values
			Configuring Alarms
			Periodic Wakeup Unit
			Timestamp Generation and Tamper Detection
			RTC Calibration
				RTC Coarse Calibration
				RTC Smooth Calibration
				Reference Clock Detection
		Using the Backup SRAM
III Advanced topics
	Power Management
		Power Management in Cortex-M Based MCUs
		How Cortex-M MCUs Handle Run and Sleep Modes
			Entering/exiting sleep modes
				Sleep-On-Exit
			Sleep Modes in Cortex-M Based MCUs
		Power Management in STM32F Microcontrollers
			Power Sources
			Power Modes
				Run Mode
					Dynamic Voltage Scaling in STM32F4/F7 MCUs
					Over/Under-Drive Mode in STM32F4/F7 MCUs
				Sleep Mode
				Stop Mode
				Standby Mode
				Low-Power Modes Example
			An Important Warning for STM32F1 Microcontrollers
		Power Management in STM32L/G Microcontrollers
			Power Sources
			Power Modes
				Run Modes
				Sleep Modes
					Batch Acquisition Mode
				Stop Modes
				Standby Modes
				Shutdown Mode
			Power Modes Transitions
			Low-Power Peripherals
				LPUART
				LPTIM
				LPGPIO
				LPDMA
		Power Supply Supervisors
		Debugging in Low-Power Modes
		Using the CubeMX Power Consumption Calculator
		A Case Study: Using Watchdog Timers With Low-Power Modes
	Memory layout
		The STM32 Memory Layout Model
			Flash Memory Typical Organization
			SRAM Memory Typical Organization
			Understanding Compilation and Linking Processes
		The Really Minimal STM32 Application
			ELF Binary File Inspection
			.data and .bss Sections Initialization
				A Word About the COMMON Section
			.rodata Section
			Stack and Heap Regions
			Checking the Size of Heap and Stack at Compile-Time
			Differences With the Tool-Chain Script Files
		How to Use the CCM Memory
			Relocating the vector table in CCM Memory
		How to Use the MPU in Cortex-M0+/3/4/7 Based STM32 MCUs
			Programming the MPU With the CubeHAL
	Flash Memory Management
		Introduction to STM32 Flash Memory
		The HAL_FLASH Module
			Flash Memory Unlocking
			Flash Memory Erasing
			Flash Memory Programming
			Flash Read Access During Programming and Erasing
		Option Bytes
			Flash Memory Read Protection
		Optional OTP and True-EEPROM Memories
		Flash Read Latency and the ART™ Accelerator
			The Role of the TCM Memories in STM32F7/H7 MCUs
				How to Access Flash Memory Through the TCM Interface
				Using CubeMX to Configure Flash Memory Interface
	Booting Process
		The Cortex-M Unified Memory Layout and the Booting Process
			Software Physical Remap
			Vector Table Relocation
			Running the Firmware From SRAM Using the STM32CubeIDE
		Integrated STM32 Bootloader
			Starting the STM32 Bootloader from the On-Board Firmware
			The Booting Sequence in the STM32CubeIDE Tool-chain
		Developing a Custom Bootloader
			Vector Table Relocation in STM32F0 Microcontrollers
			How to Use the flasher.py Tool
	Running FreeRTOS
		Understanding the Concepts Underlying an RTOS
		Configuring FreeRTOS and the CMSIS-RTOS v2 Wrapper
			The FreeRTOS Source Tree
				How to Configure FreeRTOS Using CubeMX
		Thread Management
			Thread States
			Thread Priorities and Scheduling Policies
			Voluntary Release of the Control
			The idle Thread
		Memory Allocation and Management
			Dynamic Memory Allocation Model
				heap_1.c
				heap_2.c
				heap_3.c
				heap_4.c
				heap_5.c
				FreeRTOS Heap Definition
			Static Memory Allocation Model
				idle Thread Allocation with Static Memory Allocation Model
			FreeRTOS and the C stdlib
				How to Configure newlib to Handle Concurrency with FreeRTOS
				How to Use malloc() and malloc()-dependant newlib Functions With FreeRTOS
				STM32CubeMX Approach to Thread-Safety
			Memory Pools
			Stack Overflow Detection
		Synchronization Primitives
			Message Queues
			Semaphores
			Event and Thread Flags
		Resources Management and Mutual Exclusion
			Mutexes
				The Priority Inversion Problem
				Recursive Mutexes
			Critical Sections
			Interrupt Management With an RTOS
				FreeRTOS API and Interrupt Priorities
		Software Timers
			How FreeRTOS Manages Timers
		A Case Study: Low-Power Management With an RTOS
			The idle Thread Hook
			The Tickless Mode in FreeRTOS
				A Schema for the tickless Mode
				A Custom tickless Mode Policy
		Debugging Features
			configASSERT() Macro
			Run-Time Statistics and Thread State Information
			FreeRTOS Debugging in STM32CubeIDE
			FreeRTOS Kernel-Aware Debugging in STM32CubeIDE
		Alternatives to FreeRTOS
			AzureRTOS
			ChibiOS
			Contiki OS
			OpenRTOS
	Advanced Debugging Techniques
		Understanding Cortex-M Fault-Related Exceptions
			The Cortex-M Exception Entrance Sequence and the ARM Calling Convention
				How to Interpret the Content of the LR Register on Exception Entrance
			Fault Exceptions and Faults Analysis
				Memory Management Exception
				Bus Fault Exception
				Usage Fault Exception
				Hard Fault Exception
				Secure Fault Exception
				Enabling Optional Fault Handlers
				Fault Analysis in Cortex-M0/0+ Based Processors
		STM32CubeIDE Advanced Debugging Features
			Expressions and Live Expressions
				Memory Monitors
			Watchpoints
			Instruction Stepping Mode
			SFRs View
			Fault Analyzer
				Tracing Fault-Related Registers Without the IDE Support
			Build Analyzer
			Static Stack Analyzer
		Serial Wire Viewer Tracing
			Enabling SWV Debugging
			Configuring SWV
			SWV Views
				SWV Trace Log
				SWV Exception Trace Log
				SWV Data Trace
				SWV Data Trace Timeline Graph
				SWV ITM Data Console
				SWV Statistical Profiling
		Debugging Aids from the CubeHAL
		External Debuggers
		Debugging two Nucleo Boards Simultaneously
		ARM Semihosting
			Enable Semihosting on a Project
			Semihosting Drawbacks
			Understanding How Semihosting Works
	FAT Filesystem
		Introduction to FatFs Library
			Adding FatFs Library in Your Projects
				The Generic Disk Interface API
				The Implementation of a Driver to Access SD Cards in SPI Mode
			Relevant FatFs Structures and Functions
				Mounting a Filesystem
				Opening a File
				Reading From/Writing into a File
				Creating and Opening a Directory
			How to Configure the FatFs Library
	Develop IoT Applications
		Solutions Offered by STM to Develop IoT Applications
		The W5500 Ethernet Controller
			How to Use the W5500 Shield and the ioLibrary_Driver Module
				Configuring the SPI Interface
				Configuring the Socket Buffers and the Network Interface
			Socket APIs
				Handling Sockets in TCP Mode
				Handling Sockets in UDP Mode
			I/O Retargeting to a TCP/IP Socket
			Building up an HTTP Server
				A Web-Based Oscilloscope
	Universal Serial Bus
		USB 2.0 Specification Overview
			The ``Before-To-Die'' Guide to USB
			USB Physical Architecture Overview
			USB Logical Architecture Overview
				Device States
				Communication Endpoints
			USB 2.0 Communication Protocol Overview
				Packet Types
				Transaction Types
					Control Transactions
					IN/OUT Transactions
				Device and Interface Descriptors
					Device Descriptors
					Configuration Descriptors
					Interface Descriptors
					Endpoint Descriptors
					String Descriptors
				USB Classes
		STM32 USB Device Library
			Understanding Generated Code
			USB Initialization Sequence
			USB Enumeration Sequence
			The USB CDC Class
				USB CDC Descriptors
				USB CDC Class Initialization
				USB CDC Class Operations
		Building Custom USB Devices
			The USB HID Class
				USB HID Descriptors
				Overview of the Report Descriptor
				USB HID Class-Specific Requests
			Building a Vendor-Specific USB HID Device
		Debugging USB Devices
			Software Sniffers and Analyzers
			USB Hardware Analyzers
		Optimizing the STM32 USB Device Library
		Going to the Market
	Getting Started with a New Design
		Hardware Design
			PCB Layer Stack-Up
			MCU Package
			Decoupling of Power-Supply Pins
			Clocks
			Filtering of RESET Pin
			Debug Port
			Boot Mode
			Pay attention to ``pin-to-pin'' Compatibility…
			…And to Selecting the Right Peripherals
			The Role of CubeMX During the Board Design Stage
			Board Layout Strategies
		Software Design
			Generating the binary image for production
Appendix
	A. Miscellaneous HAL functions and STM32 features
		Force MCU reset from the firmware
		STM32 96-bit Unique CPU ID
	B. Troubleshooting Guide
		STM32CubeIDE Issues
			Debugging Continuously Breaks at Every Instruction During a Debug Session
			The Step-by-Step Debugging is Really Slow
			The Firmware Works Only Under a Debug Session
		STM32 Related Issues
			The Microcontroller Does Not Boot Correctly
			It is Not Possible to Flash or to Debug the MCU
	C. Nucleo pin-out
		Nucleo-G474RE
			Arduino compatible headers
			Morpho headers
		Nucleo-F446RE
			Arduino compatible headers
			Morpho headers
		Nucleo-F401RE
			Arduino compatible headers
			Morpho headers
		Nucleo-F303RE
			Arduino compatible headers
			Morpho headers
		Nucleo-F103RB
			Arduino compatible headers
			Morpho headers
		Nucleo-F072RB
			Arduino compatible headers
			Morpho headers
		Nucleo-L476RG
			Arduino compatible headers
			Morpho headers
		Nucleo-L152RE
			Arduino compatible headers
			Morpho headers
		Nucleo-L073R8
			Arduino compatible headers
			Morpho headers
	D. Differences with the 1st edition
		Chapter 1
		Chapter 2
		Chapter 3 and 4
		Chapter 5
		Chapter 6
		Chapter 7
		Chapter 8
		Chapter 9
		Chapter 10
		Chapter 11
		Chapter 12-22
		Chapter 23
		Chapter 24
		Chapter 25-26
		Chapter 27
		Chapter 28