Marriages and families : intimacy, diversity, and strengths

Cover
Title
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
PART I: The Social Context of Intimate Relationships
	1 Perspectives on Intimate Relationships
		Three Themes of Intimacy, Strengths, and Diversity
		Defining Marriage and Family
			What Is Marriage?
			What Is a Family?
		Trends in Marriage and the Family: Change and Continuity
			Trends in Marriage and Cohabitation
			Trends in Divorce and Remarriage
			Trends in Family Structure
			Continuity in Marriage and the Family
		Focus on Marital and Family Strengths
			BOX 1.1 Putting It Together: Learning to Focus on Strengths
		Advantages of Marriage
		Impact of the Social Environment on Relationships
			Stress, Change, and Materialism
			Lack of Time for Oneself and Significant Others
			Increasing Use of Child Care Outside the Family
			Instability of Couple and Family Relationships
			Violence, Criminal Victimization, and Fear
			Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs
			The Internet and Human Relationships
			Changing Gender Roles and the Balance of Power
			Urban Migration and Overcrowding
			Financial Problems and the Global Economy
			Family and the Environment
		Changing the Social Environment
		Positive Responses to the Social Environment
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	2 Cultural Diversity and Diversity in Family Structure: Family Strengths and Challenges
		Diversity and Strengths in Family Structure and Cultural Context
		Why Culture Matters
		Intimacy and Diversity
		The Concepts of Race, Culture, and Ethnicity
			BOX 2.1 Diversity in Families: Race Has No Place
		U.S. Demographics and Future Trends
			The Hispanic Population
			The African American Population
			The Asian American Population
			The American Indian and Alaska Native Populations
			Immigration and Family Life
			What the Future Will Bring
		Gay and Lesbian Couples and Families
			Same-Sex Couple Relationships and Marriages
			Gay and Lesbian Families
			The Challenges of Gay and Lesbian Couples and Families
		Challenge to Researchers and Practitioners
			Research
			Practice
		Cultural Competence
			Awareness
			Knowledge
			Skills
		Kin Relationships Across Cultures
		Family System and Sociocultural Characteristics
			Three Family System Characteristics
			Three Sociocultural Characteristics
		Family Strengths and Challenges Across Ethnic Groups
			Strengths of European American Families
			BOX 2.2 Self-Assessment: Rate the Strengths in Your Family
			Strengths of African American Families
			Strengths of Latino Families
			Strengths of Asian American Families
			Strengths of American Indian Families
			BOX 2.3 At Issue: Historical Trauma and American Indians
		Cross-Cultural Family Studies
		Challenges for Ethnic Families
			Assimilation, Acculturation, and Segregation
			BOX 2.4 Diversity in Families: The Tables Are Turned: Going from the Majority to the Minority
			The Advantages of Being in the Majority
			Marriage Outside the Group
			Relationships Between Men and Women
			Relationships Between Parents and Children
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	3 Understanding Marriage and Family Dynamics
		The History of Family Science
			Family Science in the Early Years
			Family Science Today
		Conceptual Frameworks for Understanding Couples and Families
			Family Systems Theory
			BOX 3.1 Putting It Together: Theories and Research
			BOX 3.2 Putting It Together: Reorganization of the Family System After a Car Accident
			BOX 3.3 Diversity in Families: Cultural Conflicts for a Female Chicana College Student
			International Family Strengths Framework
			Family Development Framework
			Symbolic Interaction Framework
			Social Construction Framework
			Feminist Framework
		Three Key Relationship Concepts
			Cohesion in Couples and Families
			Flexibility in Couples and Families
			Communication in Couples and Families
		Couple and Family Map
			Balanced Versus Unbalanced Families
			Balanced Relationships Are Healthier
			Value of Couple and Family Map
		Dynamics Change in Relationships over Time
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
PART II: Dynamics of Intimate Relationships
	4 Communication and Intimacy
		Couple Strengths and Issues in Communication
		Perspectives on Communication
			Gender Differences in Communication
			BOX 4.1 At Issue: Communicating About Sex
			Cultural Differences in Communication
			Communication with GLBT Individuals and Couples
			BOX 4.2 Putting It Together: All Together at Family Mealtimes
		Using Communication to Develop Intimacy
			Communication as a Cooperative Endeavor
			Content and Relationship Messages
			Nonverbal Communication
			Mixed Messages and Double Binds
			Metacommunication: Clarifying Your Communication
			Continuous Partial Attention
		Using Communication to Maintain Intimacy
			Speaking: The Art of Self-Disclosure
			When Self-Disclosure May Not Be Healthy
			Listening: A Difficult Skill
			Assertive, Passive, and Aggressive Communication
			BOX 4.3 Putting It Together: Using Communication to Increase Intimacy
		Positive and Negative Communication Cycles
			The Positive Influence of Assertiveness
			The Negative Influence of Avoidance
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	5 Conflict and Conflict Resolution
		Couple Strengths and Issues in Conflict Resolution
		Conflict and Anger: An Overview
			The Hierarchy of Conflict
			Anger and Conflict Taboos
			Myths, Theories, and Facts About Anger
			BOX 5.1 Putting It Together: Anger: Myths and Facts
		Intimacy and Conflict
			Conflict Resolution for Couples
			Love and Anger in Balance
			The Dance of Anger
			Conflict and Supportiveness in Heterosexual, Gay, and Lesbian Couples
			BOX 5.2 At Issue: Ways of Dealing with Conflict in Later Years
		Things to Consider in Resolving Conflict
			Suggestions for Having a Healthy Conversation
			Strategies for Communicating About Difficult Issues
			BOX 5.3 At Issue: Ending a Conflict and Learning to Forgive
		Conflict Between Parents and Children
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	6 Sexual Intimacy
		Intimacy, Strengths, and Diversity
		Couple Strengths and Sexual Issues
		Sex and Society: An Overview
			Sexuality, Sex, and Gender
			Historical Perspectives on Sex and Society
			Gay and Lesbian Couples
			Sexuality Across Cultures
			HIV/AIDS—The Epidemic Continues
		American Sexual Health and Behavior
			National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior
			The American Sex Survey by ABC News
			Sexuality in the Later Years
			Gay-Male and Lesbian Sexual Behavior
		Sexual Behavior Among Adolescents and Young Adults
			Unintended Consequences: Teen Pregnancies and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
			Education for Sexuality
			Sexuality Education and Parents
			BOX 6.1 Putting It Together: Father-Child Communication About Sex
			Is Sex Education Effective?
			Sexual Behavior, Alcohol, and College
		Marital and Extramarital Sexual Behavior
			Sex Within Marriage
			Marital Styles and Sexual Behavior
			Infidelity
		Toward Sexual Health
			BOX 6.2 Diversity in Families: What's Morally Acceptable? It Depends on Where You Live
			Sexual Dysfunction
			Sex Therapy
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	7 Gender Roles and Power in the Family
		Intimacy, Strengths, and Diversity
		Facts About Women and Men in the United States
		Gender Roles
			Gender Norms and Family Life
			Distribution of Family Work by Gender
			Emotion Work in Marriage and Family
			Spending Time with Children
			Maternal Gatekeeping
			Traditional versus Contemporary Views of Gender Roles
			The Move Toward More Egalitarian Roles
			BOX 7.1 At Issue: The Work–Family Interface
			An International Perspective
			BOX 7.2 Diversity in Families: Ethnic Variations in Who Does Housework
		Gender Roles Across Ethnic Groups
			Latino/a Culture
			African American Culture
			American Indian Culture
			Asian American Culture
			Gender Issues for Immigrant Couples
		Theories About Gender Roles
			Social Learning Theory
			Cognitive Development Theory
			Family Systems Theory
			Feminist Framework
			BOX 7.3 At Issue: Gender Inequality as a Global Problem
		Power in Families
			Power in Couple Relationships
			Egalitarian Roles and Marital Satisfaction
			Suggestions for Minimizing Power Issues
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	8 Managing Economic Resources
		Money and Happiness
		Marriage and Money
			BOX 8.1 At Issue: The Effects of Debt on Newlyweds
		Diversity and Financial Style
		The Cost of Divorce
		Why Do Finances Cause Problems?
			BOX 8.2 Putting It Together: Steps to Financial Freedom
		Family Income and Expenses
			Family Income
			BOX 8.3 At Issue: The Recession and Fertility Rates
			Does It Pay to Work Outside the Home?
		Smart Money Management
			Creating a Budget
			Pooling Money: Pros and Cons
		Credit: Uses and Abuses
			Credit Cards—Dangerous Plastic
			BOX 8.4 At Issue: Debt in the United States
			Purchasing a Home
			Avoiding Debt and Bankruptcy
			Financial Counseling
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
PART III: Stages of Intimate Relationships
	9 Friendship, Love, Intimacy, and Singlehood
		Friends Versus Lovers
			The Fabric of Friendship
			The Tapestry of Love
			BOX 9.1 Putting It Together: Ten Traits of Love
			The Love Triangle
			Jealousy: A Green-Eyed Monster or Real Love?
			BOX 9.2 At Issue: Love and Science
			Looking for Love on the Internet
		Exploring Intimacy: From Experience to Relationship
			Paths to Intimacy Differ in Males and Females
			Intimacy and Communication
			Intimate Experiences Versus an Intimate Relationship
			The Paradox of Marriage and Intimacy
		Developing Intimacy in Couple Relationships
			Communication Skills
			Couple Closeness
			Couple Flexibility
			Personality Compatibility
			Conflict Resolution
		Intimacy Games
			Constructive Intimacy Games
			Destructive Intimacy Games
			Limiting Destructive Games
		Attachment Theory and Intimacy
		Being Single
			A Historical Perspective on Being Single
			Being Single Today
			BOX 9.3 Diversity in Families: Definitions of Singlehood
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	10 Dating, Mate Selection, and Living Together
		Courtship Patterns
			Parent-Arranged Marriages
			What Has Happened to Dating?
			Trends in Searching for a Partner
			BOX 10.1 Putting It Together: Dating Do's and Don'ts
			Ongoing Relationships
			Breaking Up Is Hard to Do
			Dating Among Older People
		Choosing a Mate
			Those Who Are Like Us
			Age and Finding a Mate
			Birth Order
			Similar Personalities or Different Personalities
			Interracial and Interfaith Marriages
			Finding a Good Mate
		Patterns of Mate Selection
		Conflict and Violence in Relationships
			BOX 10.2 At Issue: Partner Violence Warning Signs
		Living Together
			Cohabitation's Dramatic Increase
			Reasons for Cohabiting
			BOX 10.3 Putting It Together: Ten Ideas to Consider Before Cohabiting
			Difficult Choices
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	11 Marriage: Building a Strong Foundation
		Intimacy, Strengths, and Diversity
		Perspectives on Marriage Today
			The Benefits of Marriage
			Marriage and Black Americans
			Marriages over Time
			The Decline in Marriage
		Components of a Successful Marriage
		Marriage Education
			Premarital Education
			What Constitutes an Effective Premarital Program?
			BOX 11.1 Putting It Together: The PREPARE Program for Premarital Counseling
			BOX 11.2 At Issue: Predicting Marital Success
			Predicting a Successful Marriage
		The Importance of Families of Origin in Marriage
			Kathy's Family of Origin
			Jim's Family of Origin
			Goals for the Marriage
		Newlywed Years
		Keeping Marriages Strong
			Five Types of Marriage
			Why Marriages Fall Apart
			Keeping Your Marriage a Top Priority
			The Role of Forgiveness in Marriage
			The Role of Sacrifice in Marriage
			Prayer in Marriage
			Federal Healthy Marriage Initiative
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	12 Parenthood: Joys and Challenges
		Roots and Wings
		Children and Happiness
			Children and Individual Happiness
			Children and Couple Happiness
		Couple Strengths and Issues in Parenting
		The Challenge of Parenthood
			Myths and Realities of Parenthood
			The Transition to Parenthood
			Financial Issues and Children
		Adoption
		The Child-Free Alternative
		Styles of Parenting
			Democratic Style
			Authoritarian Style
			Permissive Style
			Rejecting Style
			Uninvolved Style
			Democratic Parenting Works Best
		Theories of Childrearing
		Issues in Parenting
			The Need for Positive Discipline Today
			Corporal Punishment and Its Consequences
			BOX 12.1 Putting It Together: The Mother's Book by Mrs. Child
			Child Care
			BOX 12.2 Diversity in Families: Child Care for the Growing Hispanic Population
			BOX 12.3 At Issue: Looking for a Very High Quality Child Care Program and Positive Caregiving
			Coparenting
			Single Mothers
			Gay and Lesbian Parenting
			Fatherhood and Motherhood Today
			When a Child Dies
			Educational Programs and Resources for Parents
		The Joy and Enduring Satisfaction of Parenthood
			BOX 12.4 Putting It Together: A Young Mother's Diary
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	13 Midlife and Older Couples
		Intimacy, Strengths, and Diversity
		Family Life in the Middle Years
			Defining Middle Age
			Middle Age: A Crisis or An Opportunity?
			The Middle-Aged Person and the Working World
			Sexuality in Middle Age
			BOX 13.1 Diversity in Families: Childlessness: The Invisible Group
			The Middle-Aged Marriage
			Divorce During the Middle and Later Years
			Empty Nest, Spacious Nest, or Cluttered Nest?
			Caught in the Middle: The Sandwich Generation
			Grandparenthood
			Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
			BOX 13.2 Diversity in Families: Grandparents and Grandfamilies
		Family Life in the Later Years
			Defining Old Age
			Conventional Wisdom About Old Age
			Retirement
			BOX 13.3 At Issue: Alzheimer's
			Long-Term Marriages
			Losing a Spouse
			Couple Relationships in the Later Years
			BOX 13.4 At Issue: I Am Aware That I Am No Longer Anyone's "Most Important Person": The Desolation of Grief
			Changes in Family Dynamics in the Later Years
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
PART IV: Challenges and Opportunities
	14 Stress, Abuse, and Family Problems
		Intimacy, Strengths, and Diversity
		Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Couple and Family Stress
		What We Know About Stress
			Coping with Stress
			Stress and Life Events
			BOX 14.1 At Issue: Ambiguous Loss: When We Are Uncertain If a Person Is In or Out of Our Family
			Top Five Stressors for Couples
			Five Tips for Dealing with Stress in Your Relationship
			The ABC-X Family Crisis Model
			Life as a Roller Coaster
			A Roller Coaster Course of Adjustment
			Family Systems Changes Before and After the 9/11 Attacks
		War and Its Effect on Families
			Couples
			Children
			BOX 14.2 At Issue: The Impact of War on Families Left Behind
			The Role of the Community in Supporting Military Families
			Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and War
		Family Coping Strategies
			Theoretical Perspectives
			Coping with 9/11
			BOX 14.3 Putting It Together: Strategies for Managing Stress
		Domestic Violence
			Incidence of Domestic Violence
			Diversity and Domestic Violence
			National Survey of Domestic Violence
			Relationship of Physical Abuse and Psychological Abuse
			Factors Contributing to Domestic Violence
			Patterns of Domestic Violence
			Treatment and Prevention of Domestic Violence
			Domestic Violence and Children
		Child Abuse and Neglect
			Incidence of Child Abuse and Neglect
			Psychological Aggression and Spanking
			Alternatives to Spanking
			The Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect
			Transcending Abuse
			Families at Risk
			Treatment and Prevention of Child Abuse
		Sibling and Child-to-Parent Abuse
			Sibling Abuse
			Child-to-Parent Abuse
		Alcohol Problems in Families
			Alcohol and Family Violence
			The Family's Reaction to Alcohol Abuse
			Treatment and Prevention of Alcoholism
			Acknowledging the Dangers of Legal Drugs
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	15 Divorce, Single-Parent Families, and Stepfamilies
		Intimacy, Strengths, and Diversity
		Divorce in Today's Society
			Historical Trends
			BOX 15.1 Diversity in Families: The Globalization of Divorce
			Divorce Laws and Views on Divorce
		Understanding Divorce
			The Culture of Divorce
			The Impact of Divorce on Adults
			BOX 15.2 At Issue: Fathers' Experiences with Marital Separation
			The Impact of Divorce on Children
		Single-Parent Families
			Fathers
			Strengths of Single-Parent Families
			Challenges of Being in Single-Parent Families
			Benefits of Being in Single-Parent Families
			What Resources Do Single-Parent Families Rely On?
		Stepfamilies
			Differences Between Nuclear Families and Stepfamilies
			Children in Stepfamilies
			Couples in Stepfamilies
			Stepfamilies in Diverse Populations
			Boundary Ambiguity in Stepfamilies
			Stepfamilies in Later Life
			Building Stepfamily Strengths
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
	16 Strengthening Marriages and Families Worldwide
		Global Perspectives on Family, Community, and Cultural Strengths
			Family Strengths
			Community Strengths
			Cultural Strengths
			Two Visual Models Integrating Family, Community, and Cultural Strengths
			BOX 16.1 Diversity in Families: The Perennial Philosophy
		Premarital and Marriage Programs
			Premarital Programs for Marriage
			Couple Education Programs
		Marital and Family Therapy
			Common Problems in Couple Relationships
			Problems Related to Closeness and Flexibility
			Common Questions About Marital and Family Therapy
			Family Therapy Case Study
		Strengthening Your Marriage and Family Relationships
			Building a Stronger Marriage
			BOX 16.2 Putting It Together: Building a Stronger Marriage
			Building a Stronger Family
			BOX 16.3 Putting It Together: Building a Stronger Family
		The Future of Your Family
		Summary
		Activities
		Suggested Readings
Appendices
	Appendix A: Couple and Family Scales
	Appendix B: Family Science and Family Research
	Appendix C: Contraception and Abortion Options
	Appendix D: Pregnancy and Childbirth
Glossary
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References
Name Index
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Subject Index
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