Living with Herds: Human-Animal Coexistence in Mongolia

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CONTENTS
LISTS OF PLATES, FIGURES, MAPS, TABLES, AND ONLINE VIDEO SEGMENTS
GLOSSARY
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
LIVINGWITH HERDS
SPRING
PART ONE: CROSSING BOUNDARIES
	PROLOGUE: LIFE IN THE KHANGAI MOUNTAINS
		FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF MONGOLIA
		BULGAN FIELD SITE: DOGSOMJAV’S ENCAMPMENT
		ARKHANGAI FIELD SITE: CHOIJO’S ENCAMPMENT
	1 INTRODUCTION
		PART I. REDEFINING DOMESTICATION
			ORIGIN THEORIES
			UNGULATES IN MONGOLIA
				Mongolian Horses
				Mongolian Cattle
				Mongolian Sheep and Goats
		PART II. INNER ASIAN NOMADS
			MONGOLIAN ATTITUDES TOWARDS HERD ANIMALS
			CONCLUSION
	2 AMONGOLIAN ETHO-ETHNOGRAPHY
		INTRODUCTION
			Significant Others
		PERSPECTIVES ON THE DOMESTIC ANIMAL
		INGOLD’S PERCEPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
		TRUST AND DOMINATION
		CONCLUSION
		SUMMER
PART TWO: THE SOCIAL HERD
	3 SOCIAL SPHERES
		INTRODUCTION
		PART I. THE SOCIAL LANDSCAPE
			Perceptions of a Landscape
			The Core of the Co-Domestic Sphere
			THE LANDSCAPE OF THEWINTER ENCAMPMENT
			THE LANDSCAPE OF THE SUMMER ENCAMPMENT
		PART II. THE SOCIAL ANIMAL
			THE SOCIAL MONGOLIAN HORSE
				Social Structure of the Mongolian Horse
				The Character of the Mongolian Stallion
				Learning Herd Behaviour
			THE SOCIAL MONGOLIAN COW
				Social Structure of Mongolian Cattle
				The Character of the Mongolian Bull
				Bulls (bukh) and Mongolian Wrestling (bokh)
			THE SOCIAL MONGOLIAN SHEEP AND GOAT
				Multilevel, Cross-Species Herds
				TheHerder of Males
				Social Structure of the Mongolian Sheep and Goat Herd
			CONCLUSION
	4 NAMES, SYMBOLS, COLOURS, AND BREEDING
		INTRODUCTION
		PART I. BREEDING
			MONGOLIAN BREEDS
				The Father of the Herd
			CASTRATION
			CROSS-BRED COWS
			SELECTION
		PART II. NOMENCLATURE
			THE USE OF SYMBOLS
			INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION
				Sheep and Goats
				Cattle
				Horses
				Humans
			ANIMALS AS PERSONS
			CONCLUSION
	5 MULTISPECIES ENCULTURATION
		INTRODUCTION
		MEANS OF COMMUNICATION
		THE EMOTIVE USE OF SONG
		HERDING LANGUAGE
		COMMUNICATING WITH INDIVIDUALS
		THE EMBODIMENT OF HORSE AND RIDER
			Horse Gaits
		CONCLUSION
	6 TAMENESS AND CONTROL
		INTRODUCTION
		PART I. TAMENESS
			LEADERS AND ORPHANS
			THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MILK
				Surrogate Mothers
			FOOD INCENTIVES
			HABITUATION TO HANDLING
		PART II. CONTROL
			CONTAINMENT
			DOMINANCE AND HIERARCHY
			TRAINING
				Ox Carts
				Breaking in Horses
			PUNISHMENT
			CONCLUSION
PART THREE: LIVING WITH HERDS
	7 IN THE LAND OF THE HORSE
		INTRODUCTION
		PART I. THE HORSE IN MONGOLIA’S PAST
			THE MONGOLIAN HORSE AS CONQUERER
			HORSE CULTURE
		PART II. THE NAADAM
			SELECTION
				The Astrological Wheel
			TRAINING AND RACE PREPARATION
			THE RACE
			THE PRAISE CEREMONY
			CONCLUSION
	8 THE CYCLE OF LIFE: BIRTH TO DEATH, SPRING TOWINTER
		INTRODUCTION
		SPRING ACTIVITY
			Haircutting and Combing
			Moving to Different Pastures
		SUMMER ACTIVITY
			ASummer’s Day in the Life of Saikhanaa
			Moving to a New Encampment
		AUTUMN ACTIVITY
		WINTER ACTIVITY
		CONCLUSION
	9 THE DOMESTIC AND THEWILD
		INTRODUCTION
			Categorisation of the Wild and the Domestic
		ANIMALS AND PLANTS BEYOND THE DOMESTIC SPHERE
		THEWOLF AND THE DOG
			The Mongolian Wolf
			The Mongolian Dog
		TREATMENT OF ILLNESSES AND AILMENTS
		MEDICINAL PLANTS AND MAGIC MEDICINE
		CONCLUSION
	10 THE SACRED ANIMAL
		INTRODUCTION
		THE MONGOLIAN CALENDAR
		DEATH OF AN ANIMAL
		THE SETER AS PROTECTOR
			The Animism of Objects
		CONCLUSION
		WINTER
CONCLUSION
	EPILOGUE
APPENDIX
REFERENCES
INDEX